All development shall provide for off-road parking.

A.

General.

1.

It shall be the responsibility of the owner of a lot to provide off-road parking spaces for any use which is created, enlarged, or altered after the effective date of the local law codified in this title.

2.

A parking space shall be a minimum dimension of nine (9) feet by eighteen (18) feet, exclusive of pedestrian access, drive, or internal drive, and have access from a drive or internal drive.

3.

Parking spaces for the handicapped shall be at least eight feet in width and shall have an adjacent access aisle at least eight feet in width or as otherwise required by the state uniform fire prevention and building code and in compliance with the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended. The minimum number of accessible spaces shall also be as required by state code. An eight-foot-wide access aisle may be shared by two adjacent handicap parking spaces and shall be part of an accessible route to the building or use which it is designed to serve. Such spaces shall be appropriately located and clearly identified and limited in their use by appropriate signage and pavement markings.

4.

The lighting of off-road parking areas shall comply with the requirements set forth in Section 17.36.240.

5.

For the purpose of calculating required parking spaces for any use in which patrons and/or spectators occupy benches, pews, or other similar seating facility; each twenty (20) inches of linear dimension of such seating shall be counted as one seat.

6.

Off-road parking area for a residential use shall be restricted to noncommercial vehicles only.

7.

If a use on a lot and a lot are under separate ownership, the right to the joint use of a parking lot must be evidenced by a deed, lease, contract, or other appropriate document. Such a document shall be provided to the planning board for inclusion in the site plan record.

8.

A required parking area, drive, and internal drive on a lot shall not be used for the display of merchandise, goods, or wares offered for sale or connected with the use of a lot unless approved by the code enforcement officer.

9.

The layout and landscaping for parking areas shall comply with this chapter.

B.

Required Off-Road Parking Spaces. The minimum number of parking spaces in a parking area for a use shall be as follows:

1.

One-unit dwelling: two spaces for up to the first four bedrooms, plus one-half space for each additional bedroom.

2.

Two-unit dwelling: two spaces per dwelling unit for up to first four bedrooms, plus one-half space for each additional bedroom.

3.

Multi-unit dwelling: two spaces per dwelling unit for up to first four bedrooms, plus one-half space for each additional bedroom.

4.

Alternative dwelling park: one and one-half spaces per dwelling unit, plus one space for each approved dwelling unit to be developed in a common parking area.

5.

Hospital, convalescent or nursing home: one space for each employee on the major shift plus 0.25 spaces per bed.

6.

Bed and breakfast: one additional space for each bedroom that is rented within the dwelling.

7.

Hotel/motel or boarding house: one space for each room offered for rent or lease, plus one space for every four employees, plus one space per one hundred fifty (150) square feet net area of restaurants and public meeting rooms.

8.

Office, general business or professional: two and one-half spaces for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor dedicated to the use.

9.

Health care clinic: three spaces for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area dedicated to the use.

10.

Retail, including malls or plazas: three and one-half spaces for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.

11.

Funeral home, veterinary hospital, bank, body modification facility, or personal service use: three spaces for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area dedicated to the use.

12.

Bar or restaurant, standard or fast food: one space for each one hundred (100) square feet of customer floor area.

13.

Membership club, rod and gun club, conference or convention center, or commercial recreation: one space for every two hundred (200) square feet of assembly space.

14.

Roadside stand: one space for every one hundred (100) square feet of area devoted to sales or display.

15.

Nursery, elementary, or middle school: one space per employee, plus two additional spaces per classroom.

16.

High school or college: one space per employee plus five spaces for each classroom.

17.

Place of worship, auditorium, theater, stadium: one space for every four assembly seats.

18.

Vehicle sales or lease and/or repair and/or heavy equipment sales, contractor's equipment yard, outdoor sales and/or rental: one space for each three thousand (3,000) square feet of area devoted to the use including, outside display areas, equipment and/or sale yards.

19.

Vehicle filling station, vehicle maintenance facility, or convenience mart: three spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area.

20.

Cottage industry: one space per employee, plus one space per five hundred (500) square feet of area devoted to the use.

21.

Industrial use:

a.

One space for each one thousand (1,000) square feet of floor area devoted to manufacture; including printing, publishing, laundry and dry-cleaning plant;

b.

One space for each two thousand (2,000) square feet of floor area devoted to storage or stationary operating equipment;

c.

One space for each three thousand (3,000) square feet of area devoted to storage, including outside storage yards; and/or

d.

For any utility or industrial use, one additional space for each fleet or company vehicle.

22.

Warehouse or distribution center, truck terminal: one space per three thousand (3,000) square feet devoted to storage or warehousing.

23.

Each other use not specified above: the number of parking spaces shall be determined by the planning board in the site plan review process after considering the area of use, the number of employees, customers and suppliers of goods and services for the use.

24.

The planning board may reduce the required number of parking spaces for a specific use in an effort to reduce impervious area and stormwater runoff in conjunction with the applicant showing that the reduction in parking will not deter on the continued safe and efficient operation of the existing or proposed use.

C.

Within the Town Center Area.

1.

One off-street parking space must be provided for each dwelling unit within the town center area.

2.

For all uses, except residential, in the TC and TC2 zoning districts, off-street parking is recommended to be located at the side or rear of the principal building or otherwise screened so as not to be visible from the right-of-way or residential zoning districts.

D.

Maximum Number of Parking Spaces. In the interest of protecting and preserving the groundwater quality and quantity, unless otherwise stated for a specific use, no use in the town shall be permitted to have more than five parking spaces per one thousand (1,000) square feet of gross floor area unless such development plans document the need for such additional parking and that, with quantifying analysis, such parking is determined to not adversely impact the aquifer or ground water. Such additional parking must be specifically approved by the planning board.

E.

Calculation of Required Parking Spaces.

1.

In the case of a combination of uses, the total requirement for off-road parking spaces shall be no greater than the sum of the minimum requirements for all uses, unless it can be proven by substantive documentation that staggered hours or other operational activities of such uses would permit modification. The planning board may optionally mandate that such shared parking arrangements be instituted if it would reduce the number of parking spaces while serving multiple uses.

2.

Whenever a fraction of a space is required, a full space shall be provided.

F.

Adaptive Reuse. The planning board may require that redevelopment projects which include existing parking areas which are larger than that required for the newly proposed use are required to design the lot to meet current parking and landscaping standards and remove additional parking areas of asphalt which is no longer needed. The areas of landscape removal should be reclaimed as landscaped islands, medians, or perimeter buffers.

G.

Pervious parking surfaces. The planning board, at their discretion, can require that parking spaces above the minimum may be provided by pervious parking spaces in lieu of traditional asphalt.

H.

Banked parking. Additional parking spaces above the minimum may be permitted as banked parking with planning board approval and land shall be identified for the future construction of these spaces if necessary. If it is determined at a later date by the code enforcement officer and the planning board that additional spaces are needed, then the banked parking spaces shall be constructed as standard parking spaces.

I.

Structured parking shall include spaces provided within the footprint area of a structure, such as a building, including rooftop, at-grade, or below grade spaces. If such spaces are part of a multi-floor parking garage or deck structure only, then all but the top most level shall be counted against the maximum number of spaces.

J.

Dimensions for Drives and Internal Drives Within a Parking Area.

1.

Parallel curb parking: twelve (12) foot aisle width for one-directional flow and twenty-two (22) foot aisle width for two-directional flow.

2.

Thirty (30) degree parking: thirteen (13) foot aisle width for one-directional flow and twenty-two (22) foot aisle width for two-directional flow.

3.

Forty-five (45) degree parking: sixteen (16) foot aisle width for one-directional flow and twenty-two (22) foot aisle width for two-directional flow.

4.

Ninety (90) degree parking: twenty-two (22) foot aisle width.

K.

Location of Required Parking Spaces in a Parking Area.

1.

RU, R1, R2, and TCR Districts. Required vehicle parking spaces shall be provided either in a garage, in a drive, or along the adjacent street frontage which is located on the same lot and is readily accessible to a road or drive.

2.

ABD, TC, BN, BN2, TC2, BNR, BR, CL and I Districts.

a.

Such spaces shall be provided on the same lot, along the street frontage, or not more than eight hundred (800) feet there from provided that the criteria in subsection A of this section are met.

b.

Vehicles and equipment for display or for sale shall not be parked or stored within fifteen (15) feet of a road right-of-way.

c.

Where such parking is situated adjacent to a residential use, it shall be setback a minimum of ten (10) feet from the residential lot line, and an adequate landscape buffer in conformance with Section 17.36.200 shall be provided within such setback area.

L.

Special Requirement for ABD, BN, BN2, BNR, BR, TC and TC2 Districts. The planning board shall, in the review of all site plans, consider the potential for synergism to exist between adjoining uses and may require that parking areas be designed to accommodate traffic movement between lots without re-entering the road system to lessen traffic volumes and turning movement conflicts and provide proper sight distances.

M.

Off-Road Parking Waiver. Off-road parking requirements may be waived in whole or in part upon finding by the planning board that;

1.

Satisfactory off-site parking arrangements are proposed in compliance with subsection (A)(7) of this section;

2.

The applicant document the specific use routinely requires less parking spaces than those required under this chapter.

N.

Construction of Off-Road Parking Area. All off-road parking, with the exception of the parking area for a single or two-unit dwelling shall be provided with a suitable all-weather, non-tracking, dust-free surface and all individual parking spaces shall be visibly marked with paint or other durable and suitable material. All handicapped parking spaces shall meet applicable laws and codes associated with travel surfaces, signage, and striping.

O.

Landscaping.

1.

In all off-street parking facilities, which contain twenty-five (25) or more parking spaces, at least fifteen (15) percent of the total parking facility within the parking perimeter shall consist of landscaping, except that the planning board may waive or modify the requirement for good cause and in the interest of good design where there are fewer than fifty (50) parking spaces:

2.

Landscaped islands are recommended to be located at the ends of each parking bay which contains eight or more spaces, separating adjacent rows of parking spaces at least every second parking bay and elsewhere as determined appropriate by the planning board to properly guide vehicle movement, to provide for plant growth and vehicle overhang, to provide for pedestrian circulation and to otherwise help assure proper traffic circulation, pedestrian safety, and aesthetics. Such landscaped islands and the plantings within them shall be designed and arranged so as to provide vertical definition to major traffic circulation aisles, entrances and exits; to safely channel internal traffic flow; to prevent indiscriminate diagonal movement of vehicles; to provide cooling shade and relief from the visual impact, monotony and heat of large expanses of paved areas; and, where appropriate, to accommodate stormwater management practices such as bioretention areas, swales, and sand filters.

3.

The landscaping of off-street parking areas shall include at least one deciduous tree of not less than three inches caliper for each six parking spaces. Main traffic circulation aisles are recommended to be emphasized with such deciduous trees. Other landscaped islands may be planted with flowering trees and/or other plantings, as appropriate. This is in addition to ground cover, shrubs and hedges which are to be provided where appropriate to serve their intended function while not interfering with safe sight distance for pedestrians and vehicles.

4.

The planning board may also permit non-landscaped islands, if appropriate for purposes such as pedestrian circulation, snow storage, and so forth.

5.

Screening. In addition to the buffer requirements, all off-street parking and loading facilities shall also be attractively landscaped along their periphery. Such landscaped screening shall be a minimum of ten (10) feet in width. The buffer shall consist of evergreen planting of such type, height, spacing and arrangement as, in the judgment of the planning board, will serve the intended function. The planning board may allow or require a landscaped berm, wall or fence of location, height, design, and materials determined suitable by the board to be substituted for or to supplement the required screen planting.

6.

Species. New planting shall be comprised of appropriate native species and shall not incorporate invasive species.

7.

Where feasible, the use of pervious or porous materials in the construction of parking facilities is highly encouraged, such as grass, crushed stone, porous asphalt and concrete mixtures and blocks or brick laid in sand. The porous or pervious surfaces can cover the entire lot, or certain areas, such as parking stalls. Porous surfaces should be designed to encourage the direct infiltration and cleansing of stormwater, thus reducing the adverse environmental impacts of large impervious parking areas. additionally, a plan shall be in place describing the maintenance to ensure the continued viability of pervious parking areas.

8.

Snow storage/removal. Areas for snow storage shall be indicated on the submitted site plan and/or landscape plan. These areas should be provided in such a way to minimize damage to proposed vegetation. Snow storage space should be located on proposed pavement or perimeter landscaped areas, rather than internal landscaped areas. If internal landscaped areas are proposed to be used for snow storage, vegetation shall be selected and located in order to avoid damage.

9.

The owner and all future owners shall maintain all parking facilities in proper working order. If parking facilities are not maintained, the town reserves the right to take actions in accordance with Section 17.32.190.

(LL No. 1, 2021, § 1)

A.

Required Berths. In all districts, except for the TC and TC2 districts, a lot or structure which is to be occupied by industrial, commercial, business, or similar uses requiring the receipt and/or distribution by vehicles of materials or merchandise; there shall be provided and maintained, on the lot, off-road loading berths that are scaled to delivery vehicles anticipated for the proposed use(s) as follows:

* These are considered minimum requirements; however, the planning board may modify the above requirements in the site plan approval process based on scale of business operation and supporting documentation analyzing the necessity for modification of these requirements.

B.

Dimensions of Berths. Each loading berth, either open or enclosed, shall be a minimum of fifty-five (55) feet long, twelve (12) feet wide and fourteen (14) feet high; except business uses utilizing vehicles not larger than panel trucks may have berths which are a minimum of twenty (20) feet long, ten (10) feet wide and nine feet high.

C.

Location of Berths. Loading berths are to be located in such a way that vehicles occupying berths do not interfere with the movement of people and vehicles on public ways and within on-site parking areas.

D.

Screening. Open off-street loading areas shall be screened from adjacent residential lots by walls, fences, evergreen trees, or evergreen hedges. The visual buffer shall be of sufficient height to prevent the viewing of parked vehicles from any point along the minimum side or rear yard setback of such adjoining residential lots.

E.

Landscaping. Areas around loading berths shall be provided with buffer as required in Section 17.36.200.

(LL No. 1, 2021, § 1)