1. General Considerations. Parking lot design should include a useful pedestrian circulation system, adequate turning radii, an efficient traffic movement pattern, a pleasant appearance, convenient parking locations, efficient drainage, and integration of parking with the character of the site and proposed development. 
   
2. Covered Spaces. Covered parking structures should be compatible with the overall design and character of the project. 
   
3. Emergency Vehicle Access. Access for emergency vehicles should be integrated into the design of the project.
   
4. Loading and Unloading Areas. Pedestrian drop-off locations should be incorporated within overall circulation patterns and should be convenient and safe for pedestrians.
   
5. Parking Location. Parking areas should be located as follows:
   
   1. In office use projects, 25% of the required parking spaces should be provided within 200 feet of the building served, and the balance within 400 feet.
      
   2. In commercial and industrial use projects, required parking spaces should be located within 300 feet of the building served.
      
   3. In multiple-residential projects required parking spaces should be arranged to provide at least one  parking space per unit within 100 feet of the dwelling units they are intended to serve.
      
6. Traffic Lanes. Traffic lanes within a development project should provide a circulation pattern which is convenient and safe. Pedestrian traffic should be incorporated into the project design. 
   
7. Parking Lot Lighting. Parking lot lighting should provide adequate illumination, be downward focused, and avoid direct illumination of adjacent property.
   
8. Traffic Impact on Street System. Developments which generate significant increases in traffic should include an analysis of the proposed development’s impact on the current and future transportation system, and methods to control traffic, such as signage, turn lanes, and traffic signals.

1. Off-Street Parking Required. Every use regulated by this Title shall have parking as required by this Chapter. When any building or structure is erected, enlarged or increased in capacity, or any use is established or changed, parking shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of this Chapter.
   
2. Continuing Obligation to Provide Parking. Provision of parking as required by this Chapter shall be a continuing obligation so long as a use continues which requires parking. It shall be unlawful for any owner, land use operator, or person responsible for providing parking to discontinue or dispense with required parking facilities without providing an alternate parking area which meets the requirements of this Chapter and obtaining approval of an amendment to the applicable site plan.
   
3. Alteration Where Parking Insufficient. A building, structure, or use which lacks sufficient parking as required by this Chapter may not be altered or enlarged or the use changed unless additional parking for the alteration or enlargement is supplied that meets the requirements of this Chapter.

The following provisions shall be used to calculate the total number of parking spaces required by this Chapter.

1. More Than One Use on Lot. If a lot or parcel contains more than one use, parking spaces shall be provided in an amount equal to the total of the requirements for each use unless shared parking is permitted pursuant to this Chapter.
   
2. Fixed Seating. Parking requirements based on seating area, such as benches, pews or other forms of fixed seating, shall be calculated at the rate of one seat per 20 inches of seating area.
   
3. Square Foot Basis. Parking requirements based on square footage shall be calculated using gross floor area (GFA) unless otherwise provided in this Chapter or elsewhere in this Title.
   
4. Employee Basis. Parking requirements based on the number of employees shall be calculated using the largest number of persons working on any shift.
   
5. Use Not Listed. If a use and a corresponding parking standard is not listed in Section 12.52.300, the Zoning Administrator shall determine the number of spaces required for such use based on the nearest comparable use or a parking study as required by CZC 12.52.110(e).

1. On-Site Parking. Except as allowed in Subsection (b) all required parking shall be located on the same lot or parcel as the use to which it is appurtenant and shall be located within 300 feet from the premises served.
   
2. Off-Site Parking. Where practical difficulties exist in providing on-site parking or if public safety or convenience, or both, would be better served by locating parking on a separate lot or parcel, the Planning Commission may authorize off-site parking subject to the following conditions:
   
   1. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be located in an off-site parking lot.
      
   2. Off-site parking lots shall be located in the same or a more intensive zone which applies to the property where the use served is located.
      
   3. No off-site parking space shall be located more than 500 feet from a public entrance of the use served, measured along the route of the shortest legal, practical walking distance.
      
   4. Availability of the off-site parking lot shall be assured by an agreement approved by the City which requires:
      
      1. The parking lot to be continuously available unless an alternative legal parking lot is provided;
         
      2. All spaces to be available without charge; and
         
      3. The Zoning Administrator to be notified 30 days prior to the termination of the agreement.
         
   5. Before approving an off-site parking lot, the Planning Commission shall find that such parking is conveniently usable without causing unreasonable:
      
      1. Hazard to pedestrians;
         
      2. Hazard to vehicular traffic;
         
      3. Traffic congestion;
         
      4. Interference with safe and convenient access to other parking areas in the vicinity;
         
      5. Detriment to the appropriate use of business property in the vicinity; or
         
      6. Detriment to any residential neighborhood.
         
3. Temporary Parking.
   
   1. Unimproved temporary parking areas approved pursuant to a temporary use permit under CZC 12.56 (Temporary Uses) shall be exempt from the landscaping and paving requirements of this Chapter.
      
   2. The City may allow a temporary use approved pursuant to CZC 12.56 (Temporary Uses) to occupy or use parking areas ordinarily required for a permanent use if it is found that the temporary use will not cause a shortage in parking needed for the permanent use. 
      
4. Prohibited Parking.
   
   1. Vacant lots or parcels, public rights-of-way, or open land areas shall not be used as parking areas for customers or employees. 
      
   2. Overnight parking of vehicles for display other than in designated and improved areas shall be prohibited.
      
5. Commercial Vehicle Parking in Residential Zones. Heavy contracting and earthmoving equipment shall not be parked in a residential zone. Provided, however, that one commercial vehicle with a rated capacity of no more than two tons may be parked on a lot or parcel in a residential zone.
   
6. Recreational Vehicle Parking in Residential Zones. In residential zones, no boat, off-highway vehicle, trailer, snowmobile, or recreational vehicle shall be parked in a front yard for longer than seven consecutive days.

1. Parking Required. All required parking shall be located on-site and shall be provided in accordance with this Section for every land use regulated by this Title except as otherwise expressly allowed by this Title. The total number of parking spaces required by this Section shall be determined by adding together the parking required by each of the Subsections in this Section. On-street parking shall not be included in any required parking calculation.
   
2. Standard Parking Spaces. Standard parking spaces shall be provided in the Off-Street Parking Schedule set forth Section 12.52.300.
   
3. Handicapped Parking Spaces. Parking spaces for handicapped persons shall be provided as required by the applicable provision of the Construction Codes and the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards Manual, as amended.
   
4. Stacked Parking Spaces. Stacked or queue spaces shall be provided as follows:
   
   1. Bank drive-thru including automatic teller machines: 3 spaces per lane.
      
   2. Car wash:
      
      1. Self wash: 3 spaces per bay.
         
      2. Automatic wash accessory use: 4 spaces per bay.
         
      3. Automatic wash primary use: 4 spaces per bay.
         
   3. Gasoline pump island: 1 space per pump.
      
   4. Fast-food restaurant drive-thru: 12 spaces (216 feet).                                              
5. Off-Street Loading Spaces. Off-street loading spaces with a height clearance of 14 feet or more shall be provided for buildings used for retail, office, industrial, hospital, storage warehousing, and similar uses as follows:
   
   

   Gross Floor Area	Required Number of Loading Spaces
   3,000 - 20,000 square feet	1
   Each additional 20,000 square feet	1

6. Tandem Parking Spaces. Tandem parking spaces shall not qualify as required parking unless approved by the Planning Commission in the following instances:
   
   1. Multiple-family dwellings with garages, when both spaces in a tandem parking area are for the same dwelling unit; or
      
   2. In conjunction with valet parking service.
      
7. Recreational Vehicle Parking. Adequate and accessible recreational vehicle parking storage areas shall be required in each multiple-family and planned residential development project unless the premises are subject to restrictive covenants or other means limiting the parking of such vehicles.

Unless otherwise modified as provided in this Chapter, parking space, bay, and related dimensions shall be as follows:

1. Parking Space Dimensions. Parking space and related dimensions shall be as set forth in this Section and as shown in Section 12.52.310.
   
   1. Standard parking space: 9 by 18 feet.
      
   2. Carport: Minimum inside dimension of 9 by 20 feet for each parking space.
      
   3. Garage: Minimum inside dimension of 10 by 20 feet and minimum door width of 8 feet for each parking space.
      
   4. Handicapped parking space: Standard size plus 4 foot unloading area parallel to the length of the space. Loading area may be shared with an adjacent handicapped parking space.
      
   5. Angle parking space: See Section 12.52.310.
      
   6. Parallel parking space: 9 by 22 feet.
      
   7. Loading space: 10 by 25 feet.
      
   8. Stacked space: 10 by 20 feet.
      
2. Driveway Dimensions. Minimum driveway dimensions shall be as follows:
   
   1. For access to five or fewer spaces: 12 feet.
      
   2. For access to six or more spaces: 12 feet for one-way traffic; 25 feet for two-way traffic.
   3. Driveway width shall not exceed 35 feet.

1. Parking Plans. A plan for any proposed parking area shall be submitted to the Zoning Administrator in conjunction with a proposed site plan application or other application for development. The parking plan shall clearly indicate the proposed development and associated parking, including parking location, size, shape, and design; curb cuts; lighting; landscaping; and other features of the proposed parking area. Parking spaces shall be striped as shown on an approved parking plan.
   
2. Access to Public Street. Except for parking for a single-family or two-family dwelling, access to a parking lot shall be from a parking lot aisle and not directly from a public street. Every parking lot shall have access to a public street. Such access may be provided through platted or recorded easements, reciprocal arrangements, or other guaranteed means as approved by the City.
   
3. Private Driveway. Parking for single-family and two-family dwellings may be accessed from a public street via a private driveway.
   
4. Backing Space. Each parking lot shall include required backing space within the lot or parcel so a vehicle will not exit by backing onto a public street. A public sidewalk shall not be used as a part of a required backing area for a parking lot. Separate one-way exits shall be provided for angled and one-way parallel parking in a parking lot.
   
5. Curb. All required parking for multiple-residential, public facility, commercial and industrial uses shall be bordered by continuous concrete curbing to serve as wheel stops and drainage channels.
   
6. Curb Cuts and Driveways. Curb cuts and driveways allowing access to a public street shall conform to adopted City Standards and Specifications.
   
7. Internal Circulation. Each parking lot shall provide for traffic circulation on the property adequate to access all parts thereof without the necessity of exiting onto a public street. 
   
8. Landscaping. Parking lots shall be landscaped as provided in CZC 12.51 (Landscaping and Screening).
   
9. Lighting. Parking lots used at night shall be adequately lighted, utilizing hooded light sources. 
   
   1. Parking lot lights shall be arranged to direct light away from adjoining residential property. 
      
   2. Parking lot light poles shall be installed at a maximum height of 20 feet in residential zones and 25 feet in public facility, commercial, and industrial zones.
      
10. Paving. Unless expressly provided otherwise in this Title, every parking lot required by this Title shall be:
    
    1. Paved with asphalt, concrete or some other all weather surfacing material in accordance with City Standards and Specifications;
       
    2. Maintained to eliminate dust or mud; and
       
    3. Graded and drained to dispose of all surface water. Such surface water drainage shall not cross a public sidewalk.

1. Modification Permitted. The number of parking spaces required under CZC 12.52.060 may be modified in accordance with the provisions in this Section. The purpose of such modifications is to avoid creating unnecessary parking areas that will be essentially unused. In considering a modification, the Planning Commission may require a parking study to be completed as provided in Subsection (e).
2. Mixed Use Development and/or Shared Use Parking. The Planning Commission may authorize shared use of a parking lot subject to the following conditions: 
   1. The uses sharing the parking lot are unlikely to produce a substantial demand for parking at the same time. The City may require a shared parking study to be completed to justify a conclusion that shared spaces will be used at different times of the day, week, month or year.
   2. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be reduced. 
   3. Ongoing shared use of the parking lot is assured by a recorded agreement or easement approved by the City which requires:
      1. The parking lot to be continuously available unless an alternative legal parking lot is provided;
      2. All spaces to be available without charge;
      3. No future building additions, enlargements, or new buildings within whole or part of a shared use site arrangement, which requires additional on-site parking, shall be undertaken unless the original on-site required parking count is provided, or a new parking modification is approved by the City.
3. Commercial, Office, and Non-Industrial Use Development. The Planning Commission may modify the number of parking spaces required or allowed for commercial and office development after considering the following factors and finding that adequate parking will be provided:
   1. Total number of spaces that would otherwise be required for each individual establishment in the development;
   2. Hours of operation for each business establishment located in the development, including peak business hours;
   3. Estimated trade-off between businesses which are open when others are closed;
   4. Availability of on-street or shared parking;
   5. Transportation alternatives, including proximity to transit stations;
   6. Car or van pooling programs available to users of the development; and
   7. The total number of on-site required parking shall not be reduced by more than 30% of the original parking requirement.
      
4. Multiple-Family and Planned Developments. The Planning Commission may modify the total number of parking spaces required for multiple-family or planned developments after considering the following and making a finding that adequate parking will be provided:
   1. Size of housing units by number of bedrooms;
   2. Cost range of units proposed;
   3. Owner/tenant characteristics and lifestyle i.e., singles, couples, families, professionals, retired, elderly, etc.;
   4. Examination of existing successful comparables by area or project;
   5. Size of project;
   6. Special parking requirements for visitors and recreational vehicles;
   7. Future parking expansion capabilities;
   8. Transportation alternatives, including proximity to transit stations;
   9. Workplace relationships;
   10. Handicap requirements;
   11. Restrictive covenants; and
   12. Availability of approved on-street parking for required guest parking.
5. Parking Space Study. When a parking space study is required for a particular use shown in Section 12.52.300, or when an applicant requests a modification in the number of parking spaces required under CZC 12.52.080, a parking study shall be provided by the applicant which recommends an adequate number of parking spaces and sets forth the basis of the recommendation.
   1. The study shall provide:
      1. Planning and traffic engineering data, including estimates of parking demand based on recommendations from the Institute of Parking Engineers;
      2. Data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same or comparable to the proposed project as indicated by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location;
      3. The source of data used to develop the study’s recommendations; and
      4. The name and qualifications of the persons who prepared the study.
   2. The Planning Commission shall determine the required number of parking spaces after:
      1. Considering the recommendations of the parking study and any recommendations from City staff;
      2. All minimum landscaping requirements shall be satisfied unless a landscaping waiver of strict compliance is granted in accordance with CZC 12.51.050;
         
      3. Parking modifications shall be limited to commercial, office, non-industrial use, mixed-use, multi-family, or planned developments, as listed in this Chapter;
         
      4. All industrial uses, as listed in this Chapter, shall be prohibited from obtaining any parking modification; and
         
      5. Making the findings required under Subsections (c) or (d), as the case may be.

Off-Street Parking Schedule

Parking Space and Aisle Dimension Standards (in feet)

Figure 1.  Parking Space and Aisle Illustration