The purpose of this section is to reduce hazards to public safety and ensure efficient traffic flow by establishing standards for motorized vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. parking, for bicycle parking, and for loading areas A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot..

The parking standards of this Article shall apply to all proposed development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land..

Commentary: Additional requirements for curb cuts and driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. approaches are found within the City Code and/or the Department of Public Works Reference Guide for Development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land., as applicable.

A. Parking facilities for motorized vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. and bicycles shall be provided as required within this Article.

B. Required Park and Ride Parking Spaces

Commercial and office A room, group of rooms, or building whose primary use is the conduct of a business, professional service, or governmental activity of a non-retail nature; including administration, record keeping, clerical work, and similar functions. This definition is not meant to include manufacturing, processing, repair, or storage of materials or products. developments Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. which provide 400 or more parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall designate at least 5% of the spaces as “Park and Ride Motor vehicle parking spaces to be occupied by vehicles left by individuals who transferred to other modes of transportation for the remainder of their trip to an off-site location (for example, a driver who transfers from a car to a bus, train, or carpool for the remainder of the trip to work or school).” spaces. The following shall also apply.

1. No more than 100 spaces shall be required.

2. A sign Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. or signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. shall be used to designate that the spaces are reserved The withholding by a private entity of specific real estate from development pending acquisition by a public agency. for park and ride Motor vehicle parking spaces to be occupied by vehicles left by individuals who transferred to other modes of transportation for the remainder of their trip to an off-site location (for example, a driver who transfers from a car to a bus, train, or carpool for the remainder of the trip to work or school). use during non-holiday weekdays between 6 a.m and 6 p.m.

3. Bus shelters A facility established on a temporary or permanent basis by an organization to provide sleeping accommodations or refuge to individuals due to a social, economic, or other emergency or crisis, such as but not limited to homelessness, domestic violence, or a natural disaster. shall be required if the transit stop is within ¼-mile of the Park and Ride Motor vehicle parking spaces to be occupied by vehicles left by individuals who transferred to other modes of transportation for the remainder of their trip to an off-site location (for example, a driver who transfers from a car to a bus, train, or carpool for the remainder of the trip to work or school). area unless the applicable public transit provider indicates in writing to the Planning Director that a shelter A facility established on a temporary or permanent basis by an organization to provide sleeping accommodations or refuge to individuals due to a social, economic, or other emergency or crisis, such as but not limited to homelessness, domestic violence, or a natural disaster. is not required.

4. Handicapped accessible parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be provided in the amount pursuant to paragraph 10.3.2, Handicapped Accessible Parking. The spaces provided shall count towards the overall number of required park and ride Motor vehicle parking spaces to be occupied by vehicles left by individuals who transferred to other modes of transportation for the remainder of their trip to an off-site location (for example, a driver who transfers from a car to a bus, train, or carpool for the remainder of the trip to work or school). spaces.

A. Other than multiplexes and apartments, residential uses can utilize designated driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. for parking.

1. Parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. and driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. to the front and side of the principal building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. must be clearly defined, constructed, and maintained with a surface pursuant to paragraph 10.4.2D, Surfacing. Grass, landscaped areas, and bare earth areas are prohibited for any driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. or parking.

2. Within the area between the primary structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways. and the street, the driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. shall not exceed 30 feet in width unless otherwise required in this Ordinance.

3. Except for driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access., no additional curb cuts or vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. access points shall be permitted.

B. Blocking Pedestrian Circulation Prohibited

Parked vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. shall not block A usually rectangular space enclosed by right-of-way and occupied by or intended for buildings. sidewalks, walkways, or trails.

C. Except as specified below, vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. parked in residential areas shall not exceed 35 feet in overall length, eight feet in width or 12 feet in height.

D. Parking of buses on the site of and directly associated with an allowed nonresidential use in a residential district Any zoning district with the "R" designation, (RR, RS-20, etc.), including the PDR District. shall be allowed.

E. Recreational vehicles A vehicle, which is: (a) built on a single chassis; (b) 400 square feet or less when measured at the largest horizontal projection; (c) designed to be self-propelled or permanently towable by a light duty truck; and (d) designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling, but as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal use. such as boats, camper trailers, and utility trailers shall be stored off the street and shall be located to the rear of the primary structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways.. Multifamily A residential use consisting of at least three dwelling units. As described in Sec. 7.1, Housing Types, includes: townhouse; detached rowhouse; multiplex; or apartment. developments Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. may designate a specific area on a site plan An accurately scaled development plan that shows existing conditions on a site as well as depicting details of proposed development. for boat and trailer parking for residents of the development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land..

F. Except as permitted in paragraph 5.4.4, Home Occupations Any occupation conducted by the inhabitants of the dwelling, which is secondary to the main use as a dwelling, and causes no change in the exterior of the dwelling., parking of heavy equipment Vehicles such as buses, tow trucks, furniture trucks, fuel trucks, refrigerated trucks, dump trucks, or cement mixers; vehicles with a Class of 7 or above that would typically have a Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) of at least 13 tons, or any construction equipment, or, within City limits, any farm equipment (except in the RS-20 or RR districts). or tractor trailers shall not be allowed. This requirement shall not prohibit commercial vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. from making deliveries in a residential district Any zoning district with the "R" designation, (RR, RS-20, etc.), including the PDR District..

Parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall not be used for the storage or sale of merchandise, vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. storage, vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. for sale, or vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. repair until such uses are designated on an approved site plan An accurately scaled development plan that shows existing conditions on a site as well as depicting details of proposed development..

Requirements for the number of parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. for motorized vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. and bicycles for each use are listed elsewhere in this section. The requirements may result in the calculation of a fractional parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle.. If the fraction is less than 0.5, the fraction shall be deleted. If the fraction is 0.5 or greater, the fraction shall count as one parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle..

A. Parking Rates

1. Rates for off-street motor vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. and bicycle parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. are provided for all uses listed below.

2. Uses not listed shall be reviewed by the Planning Director, or designee, for the appropriate parking rate classification, pursuant to Section 3.1, Interpretation of this Ordinance.

3. Buildings with multiple primary uses shall calculate parking based on the standard for each use in the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable..

4. Parking Rate Table

B. Parking Rates

1. The amount of motor vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. parking shall be a percent of the amount indicated in paragraph 10.3.1A.4, Parking Rate Table. The maximum parking rates are as follows. For fractions, refer to paragraph 10.2.5, Calculation of Spaces.

Example: The parking schedule is a baseline calculator for the amount of motor vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. parking for a particular use or uses, subject to the location minimum and maximum requirements of the tier or specific zoning district. For example, if a use, per the parking table, generates a rate of 100 spaces, the amount of parking permitted is as follows:

DD: Minimum – None; maximum – 100 spaces

Suburban and Rural: Minimum – None; Maximum – 175 spaces

Compact Neighborhood (All districts except CSD): Minimum – None; Maximum – 100 spaces

Compact Neighborhood – CSD Districts:

Core: Minimum-None; Maximum – 50 spaces

Support 1: Minimum – None; Maximum – 100 spaces

Support 2: Minimum – None; Maximum – 100 spaces

Urban (except CI): Minimum – None; maximum – 175 spaces

CI District: Minimum – None; maximum – 100 spaces

2. Bicycle parking rates for the SRP-C District (County Only), Compact Neighborhood and Downtown Tiers shall be pursuant to paragraph 10.3.3, Bicycle Parking in the SRP-C District (County Only), Downtown and Compact Neighborhood Tiers.

3. The amount of required parking for colleges or universities within the UC or UC-2 districts shall be determined pursuant to paragraph 6.11.4I, Parking.

4. Unless a use is a college or university, passenger terminal, within the SRP-C District (County Only), or located in the Downtown or Compact Neighborhood Tiers, the maximum number of required bicycle parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be 100.

5. For the North RTP and Triangle Metro Center Compact Neighborhood Tiers: Uses located in these areas approved prior to January 1, 2006, can utilize the maximum parking rates established for the Suburban Tier until such time as regional mass transit is available in the applicable tier area.

6. In the following tiers, the motor vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. parking rates for household living dwelling units A single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. shall be as follows. Where parking is provided for developments Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. with affordable housing dwelling units A dwelling unit committed for a minimum 30-year term as affordable, through covenants, restrictions, or officially adopted agreements, to households with incomes as follows. Income eligibility, affordable rent levels and affordable for sale prices, as well as monitoring and compliance requirements for affordable housing dwelling units, will adhere to the adopted rules and procedures of the City of Durham’s Community Development Department., parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall not be reserved The withholding by a private entity of specific real estate from development pending acquisition by a public agency., designated, or otherwise set aside for market-rate versus affordable units.

7. Methods to Exceed Maximum Parking

The maximum amount of motor vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. parking can be exceeded by any of the following methods:

a. The additional parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. and drive aisles shall be pervious paving pursuant to the following:

(1) Pervious paving shall be considered surface improvements such as interlocking concrete paving blocks, brick pavers, grid pavers, or other similar improvements which permit the infiltration of water through the improved surface.

(2) Sub-surface preparation to accommodate the water infiltration allowed through the surface material shall be required.

(3) Gravel shall not be considered a pervious paving surface.

b. The additional parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be provided as structured parking subject to the following requirements:

(1) The footprint of proposed structured parking cannot exceed 75% of the footprint of a surface parking lot An area of land where vehicles are kept on a daily, overnight, or temporary basis; not to include the storage of wrecked or abandoned vehicles, vehicle parts, or the repair of vehicles. designed to accommodate 100% parking; and

(2) The maximum height shall be the height permitted within the zoning district.

c. The additional parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. are underground where parking areas are not visible from the right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. or adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. properties.

d. For all sites except in Design Districts: a sealed alternative parking rate analysis, prepared by an engineer with expertise in transportation, that utilizes the following criteria to substantiate the need for additional parking. The City Transportation Director or designee, or NCDOT, as applicable, shall be the approving authority for the analysis.

(1) Data or studies of similar sites and uses;

(2) Comparisons to minimum standards in national published data sources such as Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), Urban Land Institute (ULI), National Parking Association (NPA), American Planning Association (APA), or other professionally recognized data sources; and

(3) Comparisons to minimum requirements of similar municipalities.

e. Design Districts

(1) No more than the maximum allowed parking pursuant to paragraph 10.3.1A.4 shall be allowed, unless provided within structured parking and at least two of the three following requirements are met:

(a) At least 50% of the parking structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways. roof area is a green roof A vegetated roof treatment that has a layer of soil and a drainage system and is planted with vegetation.;

(b) A minimum of 15% of the total parking provided shall be made permanently publicly accessible; and

(c) All street frontage The boundary of a property adjacent to one side of a street. portions of the parking structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways. shall be constructed to allow conversion to interior usable space.

(2) Public parking Parking spaces or areas controlled by, or under contract with, a governmental entity to allow for general public use of the parking spaces and not dedicated to a specific user. provided as a provision for additional height in paragraph 16.3.4, Height, can be provided in excess of the maximum parking provided it meets 1a and 1c above.

A. Handicapped accessible parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be provided in the amount required by the North Carolina State Building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. Code, as amended.

B. Where standard parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. are provided on site, handicapped accessible spaces shall be provided on site. Otherwise, they shall be located according to the North Carolina State Building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. Code, as amended.

A. Uses within the SRP-C District (County Only), Downtown and Compact Neighborhood Tiers shall provide bicycle parking based on the category and square footage of each use, as applicable.

B. Minimum Parking Requirements

The minimum amount of bicycle parking shall be as follows:

1. Minimum Total Required

This amount indicates the gross minimum number of bicycle parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. required.

2. Short-term parking

a. This amount, if required, shall be the minimum amount of the minimum total required parking that shall be dedicated The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency. to short-term parking.

b. Short-term parking shall be publicly accessible parking located outdoors at primary entrances of buildings or within parking structures.

3. Long-term parking

a. This amount, if required, shall be the minimum amount of the minimum total required parking that shall be dedicated The transfer without payment of ownership or other interest in real property from a private entity to a public agency. to long-term parking.

b. Long-term parking is not required to be publicly accessible or located outdoors.

c. Long-term parking shall not be placed within individual dwelling units A single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation..

d. If placed outdoors, the parking facility shall be lit in accordance with storage areas (security lighting) pursuant to paragraph 7.4.3, Standards; covered to provide protection from rain and snow; and, if provided for residential uses, be located within a secured enclosure.

4. Remaining Required Parking

Remaining required parking not required to be short- or long-term parking can be provided as either type of parking at the discretion of the applicant.

Example: The minimum total required bicycle parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. for a 100-dwelling unit development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. is 50 spaces. Of the 50 spaces:

(1) Six short-term spaces are required (because 5% of 50 is less than six); and

(2) Thirty-eight long-term spaces are required (75% of 50 is 37.5 spaces, which requires rounding up to 38).

(3) The remaining spaces can be short- or long-term parking.

5. Small Projects

Projects that do not generate enough required bicycle parking to satisfy short and/or long term parking minimum requirements, as applicable, shall provide the minimum overall requirement as either type at the discretion of the applicant.

A. Location of Parking

1. Rural and Suburban Tiers

In the Rural and Suburban Tiers, off-street parking may be located in any developable Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. area of a site, excluding all areas required for buffers.

2. Urban Tier

a. In the Urban Tier, at least two-thirds of all off-street parking for nonresidential uses shall be located to the side and rear of structures.

b. In the CI district, all new off-street parking shall be located to the side and/or rear of structures.

3. Compact Neighborhood and Downtown Tiers

a. In all districts within the Compact Neighborhood Tier and the Downtown Tier, surface parking shall be located adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. to a street only if, in addition to landscaping materials required pursuant to Sec. 9.8, Vehicular Use The purpose for which a building, structure, or area of land may be arranged or occupied or the activity conducted or proposed in a building, structure, or on an area of land. Area Landscaping, a wall or decorative fence consistent with the requirements of Sec. 9.9, Fences and Walls, with a minimum height of 30 inches is provided, as applicable:

(1) Located between the street and parking area within the build-to zone In Design Districts, the area parallel to the street where a street-facing façade or forecourt is required to be located. established pursuant to Sec. 16.2, Site Design; or

(2) In a location no further from the right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. than the maximum street yard A space on the same lot with a building or group of buildings, which space lies between the building or group of buildings and the nearest lot line. established pursuant to paragraph 6.10.1, Nonresidential Development Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. Standards.

b. When the required wall or fence is located within a sight distance triangle, the height shall be 18 to 24 inches to reduce impediments to traffic visibility.

c. Additional Design District Standards

(1) Surface parking shall not be located within 20 feet of the property line at the street corners.

(2) Parking areas accessed by an alley A strip of land, either publicly or privately owned, that is set aside primarily for vehicular service access to the rear or side of properties otherwise abutting on a street. shall be limited to 20 parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle..

(3) To meet the required minimum percentage of the build-to zone In Design Districts, the area parallel to the street where a street-facing façade or forecourt is required to be located. occupied by the building podium See Podium., parking areas can be accessed by a tunnel through the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable.. When this option is utilized the design shall demonstrate that the width and height of the opening in the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. is the minimum required to comply with any applicable standards.

B. Use of Compact Spaces

Up to 20 % of the off-street parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. can be sized and designated for compact vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere..

1. Compact parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be signed Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. and/or marked as “Compact.”

2. No more than 10 compact spaces shall be located in any given row of parking.

C. Marking of Spaces

Nonresidential parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. and multifamily A residential use consisting of at least three dwelling units. As described in Sec. 7.1, Housing Types, includes: townhouse; detached rowhouse; multiplex; or apartment. parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be striped on pavement or designated with some other form of permanent marking.

Each off-street parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall open directly onto an aisle or driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. which is designed to provide safe and efficient access to each parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle.. Parking shall not be allowed to impede traffic movement on alleys A strip of land, either publicly or privately owned, that is set aside primarily for vehicular service access to the rear or side of properties otherwise abutting on a street. or streets or to impede pedestrian or bicycle activities.

A. Dimensions

1. Area

a. Standard Spaces

(1) An off-street parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be at least eight feet, six inches in width and 18 feet in length exclusive of any access drives, aisles, or columns.

(2) Within parking structures, columns can extend into a parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. as follows:

(a) Encroachments When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. are not allowed for compact spaces;

(b) A maximum of 30% of the total number of parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. within the structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways. can be affected by an encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain..

(c) If the encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. impacts only one space, then the maximum amount of encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. shall be 18 inches. If the encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. impacts two or more adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. spaces, then the maximum amount of encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. shall be 24 inches, with a maximum individual encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. of 18 inches.

b. Compact Spaces

A compact vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. space shall be at least seven feet, six inches in width and at least 14 feet in length, exclusive of access drives, aisles, or columns.

c. Parallel Parking

Parallel parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be increased by five feet in length for both regular and compact parking.

2. Aisles shall not be less than 24 feet wide for 90 degree parking, 18 feet wide for 60 degree parking, 16 feet wide for 45 degree parking and 12 feet wide for parallel parking. The angle shall be measured between the centerline of the parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. and the centerline of the aisle. No parking shall be allowed in the aisles.

3. The maximum grade A land disturbing activity that modifies the contours of the land. permitted for any parking shall not exceed 8%.

4. Alternative Forms of Compliance

a. Parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. using geometric standards other than those specified in this Ordinance may be approved by the City Transportation Director or designee if the alternative standards are developed Pursuant to NCGS 160D-102, any of the following: a. The construction, erection, alteration, enlargement, renovation, substantial repair, movement to another site, or demolition of any structure. b. The excavation, grading, filling, clearing, or alteration of land. c. The subdivision of land as defined in G.S. 160D-802. d. The initiation or substantial change in the use of land or the intensity of use of land. and sealed by a registered engineer with expertise in parking facility design, demonstrating that the alternate dimensional standards satisfy off-street parking dimensional requirements as adequately as would a facility using standard Ordinance dimension.

B. Plan

Parking design for nonresidential and multifamily A residential use consisting of at least three dwelling units. As described in Sec. 7.1, Housing Types, includes: townhouse; detached rowhouse; multiplex; or apartment. uses shall be approved as part of site plan An accurately scaled development plan that shows existing conditions on a site as well as depicting details of proposed development. review.

C. Lighting

Parking lot An area of land where vehicles are kept on a daily, overnight, or temporary basis; not to include the storage of wrecked or abandoned vehicles, vehicle parts, or the repair of vehicles. lighting shall be shielded so that it does not cast direct light beyond the property line (see Sec. 7.4, Outdoor Lighting). Parking lots An area of land where vehicles are kept on a daily, overnight, or temporary basis; not to include the storage of wrecked or abandoned vehicles, vehicle parts, or the repair of vehicles. shall be illuminated during night business hours.

D. Surfacing

Parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. and driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. must be clearly defined, constructed, and maintained with a hard all-weather surface, or as otherwise specified below. Grass, landscaped areas, and bare earth areas are prohibited for any driveway A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. or parking unless associated with an approved temporary use.

1. Rural Tier

All vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use areas and driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access., except for those associated with single family One or more individuals residing in a dwelling unit, living as a single housekeeping unit, and complying with the following rules: A.  Any number of individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption may occupy a dwelling unit; B. Where some or all of the occupants are unrelated by blood, marriage, or adoption, the total number of occupants that are unrelated, shall not exceed six. In applying this provision, children who are under the age of 23 and who are children of the owner or a person renting an entire dwelling unit from the owner shall be counted as a single occupant. In addition, in all cases, the limitation set out in subsection C. below shall apply. C. Where a reasonable accommodation has been approved. D. The presence of household employees or children in foster care shall not disqualify any premises otherwise satisfying the above rules. detached dwellings, shall be covered with an all-weather surface designed to support anticipated loads.

a. Loose material surfaces shall be contained with a permanent edging.

b. The surface shall be maintained so that traffic may move safely in and out of the parking area.

c. When loose material is used, parking blocks A wheel stop. are required to designate each parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. when the vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use area is greater than ten parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle..

2. All Other Tiers

a. Urban and Suburban Tiers

(1) All vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use areas and driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access., except for those associated with single-family A residential use consisting of one dwelling unit per lot of record. As described in Sec. 7.1, Housing Types, includes: single-family detached house; zero lot line house; traditional house; or attached house. Not to include manufactured housing. dwellings, shall be paved.

(2) All vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use areas associated with single-family A residential use consisting of one dwelling unit per lot of record. As described in Sec. 7.1, Housing Types, includes: single-family detached house; zero lot line house; traditional house; or attached house. Not to include manufactured housing. dwellings, shall be covered with an all-weather surface designed to support anticipated loads.

(3) Loose material surfaces shall be contained with a permanent edging.

(4) The surface shall be maintained so that traffic may move safely in and out of the parking area.

(5) When loose material is used, parking blocks A wheel stop. are required to designate each parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. when the vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use area is greater than ten parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle..

b. Compact Neighborhood and Downtown Tiers

All vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use areas and driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. shall be paved.

A. A handicapped accessible parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. can be reduced to an eight-foot width as long as the space is adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. to a minimum five-foot access aisle marked and constructed to ADA standards. Otherwise, the parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be sized as a standard parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle..

B. All off-street handicapped accessible parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be located in the closest parking area to a public entrance to the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. but no more than 250 feet from such entrance.

C. All off-street handicapped accessible parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be paved in accordance with standards and specifications of the City Public Works Department.

D. All off-street handicapped accessible parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be designated by a sign Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. or other means specified by State requirements.

A. General Standards

Unless otherwise modified below, all bicycle parking shall meet the following standards:

1. Where bicycle parking facilities are not clearly visible to approaching cyclists, signs Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. shall be posted to direct cyclists to the facilities.

Commentary:  Users (and especially first-time users) should recognize the rack as bicycle parking and should be able to use it as intended without the need for written instructions.

2. Bicycle parking locations shall not impede pedestrian or motorized vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. movement or circulation.

3. Each bicycle parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be sufficient to accommodate a bicycle at least six feet in length and two feet wide.

4. An aisle or other space shall be provided for parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. for bicycles to enter and leave the facility. The aisle shall have a width of at least four feet to the front or the rear of a parking stall.

5. Bicycle parking shall remain accessible and not be rendered unusable by fixed or movable objects.

6. Overhead clearance shall be at least seven feet.

7. Within Parking Structures

a. When a percentage of the required motorized vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. spaces are provided in a structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways., an equal percentage of the required bicycle spaces shall be located inside that structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways., unless other accessible, covered bicycle parking is located elsewhere on the site.

b. Parking areas shall be located on the ground level, thus not requiring the use of stairs, elevators, or ramps.

8. When a rack is utilized, the rack shall be permanently anchored to a floor, foundation or ground, wall, or ceiling as appropriate for the type rack proposed.

9. A rack shall support a standard bicycle frame at two points of contact with the frame, at least six inches apart horizontally, without damage to frame, wheels, or components, allowing a closed section of the bicycle frame and at least one wheel to be conveniently secured with a single U-lock.

10. Bicycle racks placed within the public right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. shall not conflict with pedestrian use and encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. agreements with the City or NCDOT, as applicable, must be obtained.

11. Lighting and other security design features shall be provided in outdoor or structured bicycle parking facilities equivalent to that provided in the facilities for motorized vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere..

B. Types of Bicycle Racks or Storage

The following shall be the types of racks or storage that can be used to satisfy bicycle parking requirements.

1. “Inverted U” and Circular Racks

The following depict typical inverted-U and circular bicycle racks.

a. Racks that are placed parallel to each other (side-by-side or angled) shall be spaced at least 36 inches apart.

b. Racks placed end-to-end shall be as follows:

(1) At least 60 inches (five feet) apart if placed in a cluster parking configuration, or in a linear configuration where pedestrian movement would not be impacted, such as along a wall; or

(2) At least 96 inches (eight feet) apart if placed individually in a linear manner where additional space is required to prevent an impediment to pedestrian movement, such as along a sidewalk.

c. Racks shall be spaced at least 24 inches from walls, curb faces, pavement edges, and other obstructions When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, includes, but is not limited to, any dam, wall, wharf, embankment, levee, dike, pile, abutment, protection, excavation, channelization, bridge, conduit, culvert, building, wire, fence, rock, gravel, refuse, fill, structure, vegetation or other material in, along, across or projecting into any watercourse which may alter, impede, retard or change the direction and/or velocity of the flow of water, or due to its location, its propensity to snare or collect debris carried by the flow of water, or its likelihood of being carried downstream.. A rack can be placed closer than 24 inches to an obstruction When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, includes, but is not limited to, any dam, wall, wharf, embankment, levee, dike, pile, abutment, protection, excavation, channelization, bridge, conduit, culvert, building, wire, fence, rock, gravel, refuse, fill, structure, vegetation or other material in, along, across or projecting into any watercourse which may alter, impede, retard or change the direction and/or velocity of the flow of water, or due to its location, its propensity to snare or collect debris carried by the flow of water, or its likelihood of being carried downstream.; however, the space between the rack and obstruction When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, includes, but is not limited to, any dam, wall, wharf, embankment, levee, dike, pile, abutment, protection, excavation, channelization, bridge, conduit, culvert, building, wire, fence, rock, gravel, refuse, fill, structure, vegetation or other material in, along, across or projecting into any watercourse which may alter, impede, retard or change the direction and/or velocity of the flow of water, or due to its location, its propensity to snare or collect debris carried by the flow of water, or its likelihood of being carried downstream. shall not count as a parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle..

Diagrams illustrating minimum side-by-side placement, minimum aisle width to front or rear of rack, and minimum placement from wall or obstruction When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, includes, but is not limited to, any dam, wall, wharf, embankment, levee, dike, pile, abutment, protection, excavation, channelization, bridge, conduit, culvert, building, wire, fence, rock, gravel, refuse, fill, structure, vegetation or other material in, along, across or projecting into any watercourse which may alter, impede, retard or change the direction and/or velocity of the flow of water, or due to its location, its propensity to snare or collect debris carried by the flow of water, or its likelihood of being carried downstream.:

Diagrams illustrating minimum end-to-end separation:

96" Linear placement:

Cluster and 60" Linear placement:

2. Bicycle Lockers

a. Bicycle lockers shall be anchored in-place.

b. Bicycle lockers shall have an opening clearance of at least five feet.

3. Vertical Space Saver Racks

a. The minimum ceiling height shall be eight feet.

b. Unless product specifications differ, each bicycle stall shall be at least 16 inches wide.

c. Each bicycle stall shall provide a depth of at least 40 inches measured from the back of the stall to the nearest side of the access aisle.

d. Unless product specifications differ, the minimum spacing between a wall or other obstruction When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, includes, but is not limited to, any dam, wall, wharf, embankment, levee, dike, pile, abutment, protection, excavation, channelization, bridge, conduit, culvert, building, wire, fence, rock, gravel, refuse, fill, structure, vegetation or other material in, along, across or projecting into any watercourse which may alter, impede, retard or change the direction and/or velocity of the flow of water, or due to its location, its propensity to snare or collect debris carried by the flow of water, or its likelihood of being carried downstream. and the rack side shall be eight inches.

e. A loop or mechanism shall be provided to allow the bicycle frame to be secured using either a chain and padlock, or a U lock.

4. Double Decker Racks

a. The minimum ceiling height shall be eight feet.

b. Unless product specifications differ, the minimum spacing between a wall or other obstruction When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, includes, but is not limited to, any dam, wall, wharf, embankment, levee, dike, pile, abutment, protection, excavation, channelization, bridge, conduit, culvert, building, wire, fence, rock, gravel, refuse, fill, structure, vegetation or other material in, along, across or projecting into any watercourse which may alter, impede, retard or change the direction and/or velocity of the flow of water, or due to its location, its propensity to snare or collect debris carried by the flow of water, or its likelihood of being carried downstream. and the rack side shall be eight inches.

c. For double loaded aisles, the minimum aisle width shall be five feet.

d. A loop or mechanism shall be provided to allow the bicycle frame to be secured using either a chain and padlock, or a U lock.

Minimum aisle width for double-loaded aisle:

C. Outdoor Parking

1. Bicycle parking can be located as follows:

a. Between the vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use area and the façade containing the main entrance of the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable.; or

b. No further from the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable.’s main entrance than the closest motorized vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. parking space A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle., excluding parking for persons Any individual, partnership, firm, association, joint venture, public or private corporation, trust, estate, commission, board, public or private institution, utility, cooperative, interstate body, or other legal entity. with disabilities; or

c. Up to 100 feet from a main entrance, if the following is provided:

(1) The parking area is covered by a permanent canopy A roof-like cover extending over an outdoor area for the purpose of sheltering individuals or equipment from the weather.;

(2) The parking area is visible from the front door of the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable.’s main entrance;

(3) The canopy A roof-like cover extending over an outdoor area for the purpose of sheltering individuals or equipment from the weather. provides at least 72 inches in cover for the direction that bicycles will be oriented The directional placement of a structure or element in relation to its surroundings, the street and other structures.;

(4) Lighting shall be provided in the bicycle parking area, and walkways connecting the parking area to the main entrance, equivalent to that provided in facilities for motorized vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere..

2. When there are multiple main entrances, bicycle parking shall be distributed to accommodate each entrance.

3. Racks shall be constructed of weather-resistant materials.

4. Outdoor bicycle parking facilities shall be surfaced with an all-weather material, level, and accessible to the street.

5. Outdoor bicycle parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. located within a vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. use area shall be designed to protect a bicycle from being hit by a motorized vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere.. Such design shall be a curb, post, bollard, or some other physical barrier.

D. Indoor Parking

1. Bicycle parking storage rooms or areas shall not require access via stairs.

2. Individual dwelling units A single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. shall not be used to meet bicycle parking requirements.

3. Minimum Outdoor Parking Required

Except for Design Districts, a minimum amount of bicycle parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. shall be publicly accessible through outdoor parking or within parking structures at the following rates:

E. Standards for Design Districts

Bicycle parking shall comply with the requirements of paragraphs A through D, above, unless modified as follows:

1. Bicycle parking placed within the streetscape The appearance or view of an entire street or street network in general, including sidewalks, utilities, landscaping, street furniture, and the structures that make up the street wall. shall utilize U-racks.

2. Standards for Restaurant An establishment primarily engaged in the retail sale of food, where the sale of alcoholic drinks, such as beer, ale, wine, and liquor may also occur as a secondary function. Food and alcoholic drinks are primarily consumed on the premises where sold or in a designated social district; however, the take‐out of food & drink may occur, including to patrons who remain in vehicles. and Retail Sales and Service Uses

a. Required bicycle parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle. located outdoors shall be located within 50 feet of the primary building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. entrance and visible from the public right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility..

b. In order to reduce streetscape The appearance or view of an entire street or street network in general, including sidewalks, utilities, landscaping, street furniture, and the structures that make up the street wall. clutter and provide greater visibility for bicycle parking areas, clustered facilities can be provided when located a maximum of 100 feet from the primary building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. entrance so long as they remain within the blockface.

3. Light Rail Platforms

Bicycle parking at light rail platforms shall be covered, lighted, and no more than 100 feet from the edge of the platform.

4. For all other uses, bicycle parking shall be located within 100 feet of the primary or secondary entrance to the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable..

5. Bicycle racks can be placed within the right-of-way A strip of land acquired by reservation, dedication, prescription or condemnation and intended to be occupied by a street, trail, rail corridor, or public utility. with approval from the City or State, as applicable, and where placement does not conflict with required clear zones.

6. In the DD District, outdoor bicycle racks in the streetscape The appearance or view of an entire street or street network in general, including sidewalks, utilities, landscaping, street furniture, and the structures that make up the street wall. shall be as follows:

a. The rack shall be an inverted-U with a black powdercoat finish.

b. The rack height shall be 36 inches.

c. The rack width shall be 22 inches.

7. Shower and Locker Facilities

Shower and locker facilities shall be provided for office A room, group of rooms, or building whose primary use is the conduct of a business, professional service, or governmental activity of a non-retail nature; including administration, record keeping, clerical work, and similar functions. This definition is not meant to include manufacturing, processing, repair, or storage of materials or products./light industrial uses of 20,000 square feet or greater.

A. Off-street stacking spaces shall be provided as follows:

B. A minimum stacking space number includes the space at the point of service. A drive-through facility An establishment that dispenses products or services to patrons who remain in vehicles. Fuel sales are not included. with unspecified activity type shall comply with the most stringent stacking requirement(s) applicable in the zoning district in which the facility is located as determined by the Planning Director.

C. Uses not listed shall be reviewed by the Planning Director or designee for the appropriate stacking rate classification, pursuant to Section 3.1, Interpretation of this Ordinance.

Required stacking spaces shall be subject to the following design and layout standards:

A. Size

Stacking spaces shall be a minimum of eight feet in width by 20 feet in length.

B. Location

Stacking spaces shall not impede on- or off-site traffic movements or movements into or out of off-street parking spaces A designated off-street area designed to accommodate the parking of one vehicle..

C. Design

Stacking spaces shall be separated from other internal driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. by raised medians if deemed necessary by the City Transportation Director or NCDOT, or appropriate designees, for traffic movement and safety.

Alternatives to the requirements indicated above are permitted through approval by the City Transportation Director or designee, or NCDOT, as applicable, of a sealed traffic management plan, prepared by an engineer with expertise in transportation, utilizing one or more of the following:

A. Collection of data or studies of similar sites and uses;

B. Comparisons to minimum standards in national published data sources such as Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), Urban Land Institute (ULI), National Parking Association (NPA), American Planning Association (APA), or other professionally recognized data sources; or

C. Comparisons to minimum requirements of similar municipalities.

No loading spaces shall be located within 30 feet of street intersections or in any required yard A space on the same lot with a building or group of buildings, which space lies between the building or group of buildings and the nearest lot line. space, except in the CI District and Design Districts where the required distance shall be 20 feet. Street intersections shall be measured from the back of the predominant curbline (not including bulb outs) or future curbline where no curb currently exists.

A. In the Rural Tier

All open off-street loading areas A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. shall be surfaced with an all-weather material such as concrete, asphalt, or at least six inches of properly compacted crushed stone, designed to carry the heaviest vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. loads that can commonly be expected, including the weight of fire and sanitation equipment as well as delivery vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere.. Loading areas A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. surfaced with loose materials such as crushed stone shall provide permanent edging around the area.

B. In All Other Tiers

All open off-street loading areas A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. shall be paved with an all-weather material such as concrete or asphalt, designed to carry the heaviest vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. loads that can commonly be expected, including the weight of fire and sanitation equipment as well as delivery vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere..

Space allocated to any off-street loading space, accessory drives, or aisles, shall not be used to satisfy the space requirements for trash handling facilities.

Each required off-street loading space shall be provided with a means of unobstructed ingress and egress to an alley A strip of land, either publicly or privately owned, that is set aside primarily for vehicular service access to the rear or side of properties otherwise abutting on a street. or onto a public street wide enough to accommodate expected vehicles All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere.. Where such ingress and egress is made into a public street, it shall be through driveways A private roadway located on a parcel or lot used for vehicle access. or openings which meet required standards. Permanent wheel stops or curbing shall be provided to prevent any vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. using the loading area A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. from encroachment When used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, the advance or infringement of uses, fill, excavation, buildings, permanent structures or development into a floodplain, which may impede or alter the flow capacity of a floodplain. on the required street yards side That portion of a yard between the required side setback and the side lot line extending from the street yard to the rear yard. The side yard width is measured perpendicular to the side lot line.e yards A space on the same lot with a building or group of buildings, which space lies between the building or group of buildings and the nearest lot line., or adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. property.

A. Loading spaces shall be required for commercial establishments greater than 20,000 square feet, industrial plants, wholesale establishments, warehouses, freight terminals, and hospitals An institution providing human health services primarily for in-patient medical and surgical care for the physically or mentally sick and injured and including related support facilities such as laboratories, out-patient departments, staff offices, food services, and gift shop.. Loading spaces can be provided for other uses.

B. Off-street loading spaces can be either inside or outside the building As defined in the North Carolina Building Code, as amended, or the North Carolina Residential Code for One and Two-Family Dwellings, as amended, as applicable. and on the same or adjoining lots.

C. Any loading area A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. outside of the DD District located adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. to a residential use shall not receive deliveries between the hours of 11 p.m. and 6 a.m.

D. Loading spaces shall not hinder the movement of traffic or pedestrians.

E. No motor vehicle All motorized vehicles as defined by the State of North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles, including but not limited to automobiles, trucks, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and motorcycles. This definition shall not include “Heavy Equipment” as defined elsewhere. repair work or service of any kind shall be permitted in conjunction with loading facilities provided in any district.

F. Dimensional Requirements

1. Off-street loading spaces, excluding maneuvering areas, shall be a minimum of 10 feet wide by 25 feet long.

2. Vertical clearance shall be a minimum of 14 feet.

G. Loading areas A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. shall be signed Any words, lettering, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, structures, designs, trade names, or trade marks by which anything is made known such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, or a commodity or products, which are legible from any public street or adjacent property and used to attract attention. This definition includes the structure or the face on which a sign message is displayed. For the purposes of this Ordinance, this definition shall not include "trade dress" i.e.: architectural features identified with a product or business, as a sign. to indicate “No Idling.”

H. In Design Districts, loading areas A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. shall comply with service area In Design Districts, the service area is a designation for portions of buildings or sites that are used for loading areas including garage entries; trash/recycling facilities; secondary fire code egress; and mechanical equipment or utilities that are not permitted by code to be underground or on rooftops. requirements in Sec. 16.2, Site Design.

A. Except in Design Districts, landscaping in accordance with Section 9.8, Vehicular Use Area Landscaping, shall be provided for loading spaces and associated drive aisles.

B. Where project boundary buffers are not required, loading docks shall be screened The use of plant materials and other landscape or architectural elements used separately or in combination to obscure views. from public streets and adjacent Property abutting directly on the boundary of, touching, or sharing a common point. residential property in accordance with screening The use of plant materials and other landscape or architectural elements used separately or in combination to obscure views. requirements of Section 9.7, Screening.

A minimum setback The minimum distance between a property line (or a different encumbrance, improvement, or feature as required within a specific regulation) and a building or structure. of 50 feet shall be required where loading docks face a residential district Any zoning district with the "R" designation, (RR, RS-20, etc.), including the PDR District. or a structure A walled or roofed constructed object that is principally above ground; vertical projections meeting the definition of antenna-supporting or wireless support structures; or, when used in reference to Sec. 8.4, Floodplain and Flood Damage Protection Standards, a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground. Included in this definition are extensions or additions which are covered by a roof supported by walls or columns, such as but not limited to porte cocheres, carports, covered or screened porches, and breezeways. with first-floor residential uses, unless the loading area A space used to transfer goods and material between vehicles and a building or lot. (dock and/or loading spaces) is completely screened The use of plant materials and other landscape or architectural elements used separately or in combination to obscure views. from view with a wall in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 9.9, Fences and Walls.