The off-street parking and loading requirements of this ordinance are established to prevent congestion on public streets by providing clearly defined parking areas that are separated from roadways; to remove the hazard to pedestrians of emerging between parked vehicles onto a public street; to facilitate proper storm-water runoff; to prevent the generation of dust into the area; and to make clear the availability and arrangement of spaces to all users.

It shall be the duty of both the owner and occupant of any premises to provide off-street parking spaces as required in this article. Such off-street parking areas shall be laid out, constructed and maintained in accordance with the following standards and regulations:

A.

Whenever a use or an activity requiring off-street parking is created, enlarged or increased in activity or intensity, off-street parking spaces shall be provided on site and maintained as required by this ordinance.

B.

The amount of required off-street parking for new uses of buildings, additions to existing buildings, new uses of land and accessory buildings shall be determined in accordance with the regulations in effect at the time the new use or addition was proposed, and the space so required shall be shown on the site plan and shall be irrevocably reserved for such use. No such designated parking area shall be changed to any other use unless and until equal facilities are properly approved and provided elsewhere on the site.

C.

Off-street parking existing at the effective date of this ordinance in conjunction with the operation of an existing building or use shall not be reduced to an amount less than hereinafter required for a similar new building or new use.

D.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the collective provisions of off street parking facilities for two or more buildings or uses on separate sites, provided that, collectively, such parking shall not be less than the sum of requirements for the various uses computed separately. The provision for shared parking shall not be construed to allow for development without parking located reasonably proximate to the development it is intended to serve. Parking shall be reasonably distributed to fulfill the parking needs of each use being served and be irrevocably dedicated to each use.

E.

Where the owners of two buildings desire to utilize common off-street parking facilities, the planning commission may permit such dual function provided that the following conditions have been met:

1.

The peak business hours of the two buildings or uses in no way overlap. In the event that there is a change of uses that no longer meets the criteria established for shared parking, the required number of spaces as provided below shall be installed.

2.

The common parking lot meets the off-street parking requirements of the larger building or more intensive use, whichever is greater, plus 15 percent.

3.

The common parking lot meets all of the locational requirements of this Ordinance with respect to each building or use.

F.

Off-street parking facilities required herein shall be located within 300 feet of the permitted use it is intended to serve, such distance to be measured along lines of public access to the property between the nearest point of the parking facility and the building to be served, provided that the said off-street parking facility shall not be separated from the building to be served by any major or secondary thoroughfare so designated by the Charter Township of Harrison Master Plan, or by physical barriers such as a river, an unenclosed stormdrain, a canal, an unpierced wall or similar physical barrier or public improvement. All parking located off-site shall be reviewed and approved by the planning commission.

1.

Valet-only parking may be provided at any location within 1,000 feet of the site, subject to planning commission approval and the following conditions:

(a)

The proposed parking area is not located in an area that maintains poor corner clearance visibility or any other type of roadway design that would result in a danger to workers utilizing the lot or motorists passing by;

(b)

The parking area is open to employees only. Patrons utilizing the primary site are not permitted access to the proposed parking area;

(c)

There are reasonable pedestrian connections between the proposed parking area and the primary site to ensure that workers walking between properties will not be required to walk within the roadway;

G.

Required off-street parking may not be enclosed with a gate that would permit it to be closed to either employees or patrons or public safety vehicles.

H.

When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in the requirement of a fractional space, any fraction shall require one parking space.

I.

For the purpose of determining off-street parking requirements for all uses, floor area shall mean 100 percent of the gross floor area, as measured from the interior of all exterior walls. For those buildings which feature unique interior natural features, such as atriums and landscaped areas, the floor area occupied by such areas may be deducted from the gross floor area used to calculate parking requirements.

J.

On the same premises with every building, structure or part thereof erected and occupied for the purpose of serving customers in their automobiles by means of a service window, washing bay or similar arrangement, there shall be provided a minimum of six off-street waiting spaces for each service window or service bay.

1.

The lane arrangement/number of lanes that provide access to such service window(s) and/or bays shall be subject to planning commission approval based on the layout of the parking lot/maneuvering lanes, the proposed use of the service window/bays and any concerns set forth by the fire department.

2.

Waiting space requirements for eating establishments shall be counted beginning at the menu board. All spaces between the menu board and the service window shall not count towards the waiting space requirement.

3.

Awaiting space shall be 21 feet long by ten feet wide.

K.

Whenever drive-through or vehicle stacking lanes are provided, such lanes shall be so located so as not to impede pedestrian or vehicular circulation on the site or on abutting sites, nor shall any drive-through lane cross a vehicle maneuvering lane or aisle.

L.

The amount of required off-street parking space for new uses of buildings, additions thereto and additions to existing buildings as specified above shall be determined in accordance with this ordinance; and the space so required shall be shown on the site plan and shall be irrevocably reserved for such use.

M.

Off-street parking areas for single-family or two-family dwellings shall be provided within a garage, carport or on a paved surface parking strip, apron or driveway, or combination thereof, subject to the following:

1.

Off-street parking areas shall be located on the premises they are intended to serve.

2.

Off-street parking areas may be located in any yard, but shall be subject to the maximum impervious surface limitation for the zoning district in which it is located.

3.

All access to enclosed or unenclosed parking shall be by means of an approved paved driveway, constructed of asphalt, concrete, pervious concrete, pavers, porous pavers, or other similar hard-surface materials (not gravel) not conducive to the growth of weeds, the width of which shall be at least ten feet, which shall extend as a continuous uninterrupted pavement from the garage, carport or combination thereof, or from an unenclosed parking strip or apron, to a street or alley.

4.

Off-street parking shall not be allowed on lawns or other non-paved areas.

5.

A minimum three foot wide lawn or landscape strip shall be required between the edge of off-street parking area pavement and all lot lines to provide adequate room for drainage, snow storage and privacy screening.

N.

Within the R1, R1-A, R1-B, R1-C and R1-D districts, a recreation vehicle may be parked or stored outdoors subject to the requirements herein. This subsection shall not apply to the parking of recreation vehicles within a completely enclosed building or for temporary loading or unloading for less than a 24-hour period in any seven-day week.

1.

Only those recreation vehicles which are owned by the property owner or resident of the property, and which are properly plated and registered, may be parked or stored.

2.

No more than three recreation vehicle units may be parked or stored on any lot, where:

•

Any recreation vehicle, and/or recreation vehicle with its associated utility trailer, and/or an empty trailer, less than 14 feet in overall length shall be deemed equivalent to one-half unit;

•

Any recreation vehicle, and/or recreation vehicle with its associated utility trailer, and/or an empty trailer, between 14 feet and 40 feet in overall length shall be deemed equivalent to one unit;

•

Any recreation vehicle, and/or recreation vehicle with its associated utility trailer, and/or an empty trailer, greater than 40 feet in overall length shall be deemed equivalent to two units.

3.

No recreation vehicle shall at any time be used for living or housekeeping purposes.

4.

A recreation vehicle stored outside shall be in a condition for the safe and effective performance of its intended function.

5.

In addition to the above general requirements, the following lot and yard requirements shall apply.

a.

On vacant lots, recreation vehicles shall be:

(1)

Parked or stored not closer than ten feet from any side lot line.

(2)

Parked or stored not closer than 30 feet from any street right-of-way or ordinary high-water mark.

b.

Within a side or rear yard, recreation vehicles shall be:

(1)

Parked or stored not closer than four feet from any side or rear lot line.

c.

Within a front yard adjacent to a street, no more than one recreation vehicle unit may be parked or stored, provided it shall be parked or stored:

(1)

Not closer than ten feet from the front lot line.

(2)

Not closer than four feet from any side lot line.

(3)

On an approved paved driveway, parking strip or apron, constructed of asphalt, concrete, pervious concrete, pavers, porous pavers, or other similar hard-surface materials (not gravel), the length and width of which shall be at least equal to the size of the recreation vehicle.

(4)

In a manner which does not obstruct pedestrian or vehicular maneuvering or visibility.

d.

Within a yard abutting a lake, river or canal, no recreation vehicle may be allowed within 30 feet of the water; boats and personal watercraft are excepted from this provision.

O.

Within the MHC, RM-1, RM-2 and HMR districts where recreation vehicles are permitted, a secured storage area for such vehicles shall be provided and buffered from adjacent uses. No unlicensed motor vehicle of any type shall be parked within the development at any time, except within a covered building or the enclosed storage area. In the manufactured housing community district, no motorized recreation vehicles or boats shall be parked on individual home sites. All group off-street parking lots shall be adequately lighted during hours of darkness with no more than one-half footcandle of illumination.

(Ord. No. 308.5, § 27, 4-26-2021)

The minimum number of off-street parking spaces by type of use shall be determined in accordance with the following schedule. For those uses not specifically mentioned, the requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be in accord to the most similar use, as determined by the Planning Commission.

A.

Residential.

1.

Single- and two-family dwellings. Two spaces for each dwelling unit.

2.

Multiple-family residential dwellings shall have two paved off-street parking spaces for each one-bedroom dwelling unit. For each additional bedroom per unit, one-half of an additional parking space shall be provided. Multiple-family dwelling units in the V-1 or V-1A village districts shall require one and one-half paved off-street parking spaces per each dwelling unit.

In addition to the above parking requirements, a multiple family development with greater than ten units shall provide one additional space per unit in a designated visitor parking area. Visitor parking areas shall be distributed evenly throughout the development.

3.

Housing for the elderly. Two spaces for each three dwelling units, and one for each employee. Should the dwelling units revert to general occupancy, then two spaces per unit shall be provided. The location of this reserved parking area shall be shown on the site plan at the time of the original approval.

4.

Manufactured homes. Two spaces per unit, plus one space for every three manufactured home sites for visitor parking. Visitor parking shall be located within 300 feet of the manufactured home sites they are intended to serve.

5.

Community buildings (multiple-family and manufactured housing community). One space for each four persons allowed within the maximum occupancy load, as determined by the fire department.

B.

Institutional.

1.

Auditoriums (incidental places of worship, schools and hospitals): One space for each three seats; plus one for each two employees. If no seats, one for each 50 square feet of floor area.

2.

Churches, temples, and other places of worship: One space for each three seats or six feet of pew in the main worship area; plus spaces for any residential uses, as determined in accordance with the parking requirements established for residential uses. Additional spaces for accessory facilities, such as social halls, schools, etc., may be required by the planning commission.

3.

Convalescent homes: One space for each two beds; plus one for each employee.

4.

Elementary and junior high schools: Ten spaces, plus one for each employee. Additional spaces for accessory facilities and uses may be required by the planning commission.

5.

Hospitals: One space per bed; plus one space per employee additional spaces shall be required for accessory uses based on their individual requirements. Parking for emergency facilities shall be provided on the basis of one space per 100 square feet of floor area of the emergency room, patient treatment areas and waiting areas.

6.

Libraries/Museums: One space for every 500 square feet of gross floor space.

7.

Municipal offices: One space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area.

8.

Child care, nursery school, and daycare facilities: One space for each employee plus one space for each four students on the premises at any time. Adequate, but not fewer than five, stacking spaces shall be provided for pick-up and drop-off.

9.

Private clubs and lodges: One space for each three members allowed within the maximum occupancy load, as determined by the fire department, plus one per employee.

10.

Senior high schools and colleges: One space for each employee plus one for each three students; plus the requirements of the auditorium. Additional spaces for accessory facilities and uses may be required by the planning commission.

C.

Recreation.

1.

Bowling alleys: Three spaces per lane. Additional spaces for accessory facilities and uses may be required by the planning commission.

2.

Dance halls, arcades, rinks, indoor archery/shooting galleries, pool halls, and exhibition centers: One space per three persons allowed at maximum occupancy load, as determined by the fire department

3.

Miniature golf, driving ranges, and executive golf courses: One space for each miniature golf or executive golf hole; one (1) space per each driving range tee; plus one space per employee. Additional spaces for accessory facilities and uses may be required by the planning commission.

4.

Private parks: One space for each two individual members.

5.

Public golf courses: Six spaces for each golf hole; plus one per employee. Additional spaces for accessory facilities and uses may be required by the planning commission.

6.

Public recreation: One space for every two users at maximum capacity; plus one space for each employee.

7.

Stadiums, sports arenas, and similar places of assembly: One space for each three seats or 60 inches of benches.

8.

Racquet/tennis and exercise clubs: One space for each two persons allowed within the maximum occupancy, as determined by the fire department. Additional spaces for accessory facilities and uses may be required by the planning commission.

D.

Offices.

1.

Banks: One space for each 200 square feet of floor area.

2.

Medical office or clinic (including veterinary uses): One space for each 150 square feet of floor area.

3.

Professional or business office: One space for each 250 square feet of floor area.

E.

Commercial.

1.

Banquet halls: One space for each two persons allowed within the maximum occupancy as determined by the fire department.

2.

Beauty salon or barber shop: Three spaces for the first two chairs, plus one and one-half spaces for each additional chair; or one space for each 75 feet of floor area, whichever is less.

3.

Dry cleaners: One space per each two employees, with a minimum of five spaces.

4.

Funeral Homes: One space for each fifty square feet of assembly, parlor, and reception areas,

5.

Furniture and appliance, household equipment, repair shops, showroom of a plumber, decorator, electrician or similar trade, shoe repair and other similar uses: One space for each 800 square feet of usable floor area, and one additional space for each two employees working in processing areas.

6.

Laundromat: One space for each two machines.

7.

Hotel, motel, or other commercial lodging: One space for each occupancy unit, plus one space for each employee. Additional spaces for accessory facilities and uses may be required by the planning commission.

8.

Open air businesses: One space for each 1,000 square feet of lot area used for retail sales, services and uses.

9.

Retail: One space for each 250 square feet.

10.

Restaurants/Lounges (excluding fast-food or carry-out establishments): One space for each 100 square feet of floor area, or one space for each two persons allowed within maximum occupancy, as determined by the fire marshal, whichever is greater. Each boat dockage reserved exclusively for patrons may be substituted for one automobile space, however, in no case shall boat dockage exceed 50 percent of the total parking required.

11.

Restaurants — Fast-food, carry-out, and drive-ins: One space for each two employees, plus one space for each two seats intended for patrons within the restaurant building and one space for each 20 square feet of building floor area available in the order-waiting area.

F.

Industrial.

1.

Manufacturing, wholesale, or warehousing: One space per 2,000 square feet of gross floor area.

2.

Self storage: Two spaces for the residential caretaker's unit, plus one space per 50 square feet of floor area used for office purposes.

G.

Marinas, boat clubs, boat liveries and boat launching facilities.

1.

Boat wells, boat slips, boat docking: One space for each boat berthed or stored during the wet storage season beginning the Friday before Memorial Day and ending on Labor Day). In boat launching areas, adequate space shall also be provided for all boat trailers. There shall be provided two spaces for each boat well owned by private individuals. In addition, each marina shall provide, and maintain at all times, a clear and unobstructed fire lane between the adjacent public road and the water.

2.

Land stored/shored boats: One space shall be provided for each ten boats during the dry season Beginning the day after Labor Day and ending the Friday before Memorial Day). During the dry season, land stored boats may utilize required wet season required parking areas (excepting the amount of spaces and maneuvering aisles necessary to meet the dry season required parking) provided such areas and storage methods meet all safety and other ordinance requirements.

3.

Rack storage, in-and-out stack storage: Three-quarters space for each boat stored.

4.

Boat sales: Where boat sales are involved, the commercial standards for open air businesses shall also apply.

5.

Boat rental or charter businesses: Three spaces for each boat available for rent or charter.

6.

Other commercial uses: Other commercial use of the site shall provide parking spaces based on the specified commercial standards. Parking of boats may be credited against required off street parking when dedicated exclusively for transient use.

7.

Waterfront marina zoning: A portion of the parking lot in the WM district may be used for the storage of boats during the dry storage season (beginning the day after Labor Day and ending the Friday before Memorial Day), provided, however, that in no instance shall the number of parking spaces be less than three-quarters space for each boat stored (in and out or stack storage) at the marina; parking of boats may be credited against required off street parking when dedicated exclusively for transient use.

H.

Automobile related uses.

1.

Self-service open car wash: Two exterior waiting spaces at entry, plus one exterior drying spaces for each bay.

2.

Self-service enclosed car wash: Where all washing and drying operations are designed to take place within the building, four waiting spaces shall be provided for each bay. A properly drained 50-foot long drying lane shall also be provided at the exit of each wash.

3.

High speed commercial car wash: One space for each employee, plus 20 exterior stacking spaces at entry. A properly drained 50-foot long drying lane shall also be provided at the exit of each wash.

4.

Service stations (gasoline, retail, and/or repair) and auto repair services: One space at each pump,, three spaces for each service bay; one per employee; plus one per each 200 square feet of retail floor area. Wrecked vehicles shall not be stored outside.

5.

Quick oil changes: Two spaces per bay; plus one space per employee at the peak shift; one space per 200 square feet of floor area used for retail sales.

6.

Vehicle sales establishments: One space for each 300 square feet of sales area; one for each 200 square feet of office area; and three for each service bay.

(Ord. No. 308.2, § 6, 2-26-2018; Ord. No. 308.5, §§ 28, 37, 4-26-2021; Ord. No. 308.6, § 12, 1-9-2023)

A.

Village district parking standards.

1.

Parking within the front yard shall not be permitted.

2.

The planning commission may allow parking within a side yard if the applicant can demonstrate that unique physical characteristics of the property prevent the location of parking at the rear of the site.

3.

One three-foot high decorative brick wall shall be constructed between parking areas located in the side yard and abutting public right-of-ways.

4.

Maneuvering lanes and access drives shall be a minimum of 20 feet in width.

5.

A connecting access drive and/or joint access agreement shall be provided to adjacent properties to provide for a contiguous parking system.

6.

Non-residential uses located in the V-1 village district may be permitted a 25 percent reduction in the required amount of parking, as determined in section 9.03.

7.

See section 14.21.J. for special parking provisions within the V-1A village district: downtown waterfront.

(Ord. No. 308.2, § 7, 2-26-2018)

A.

Wherever the off-street parking requirements in section 9.02 above require the construction of an off-street parking facility, such off-street parking lot shall be laid out, constructed and maintained in accordance with the following standards and regulations:

1.

No parking lot shall be constructed unless and until a permit therefore is issued by the building department. Applications for a permit shall be submitted as per the requirements of site plan review (article III).

2.

Plans for the layout of an off-street parking lot shall have dimensions consistent with the following standards:

a.

Ninety-degree pattern: Parking spaces and maneuvering lanes shall be provided based on one of the following alternatives:

b.

Sixty-degree pattern: Fifty-eight feet for two tiers of spaces, and one aisle/maneuvering lane, with minimum aisle width being 20 feet.

c.

Forty-Five-degree pattern: Fifty-six feet with two tiers of parking spaces, plus one aisle/maneuvering lane of at least 20 feet in width.

d.

All other drives and maneuvering lanes not indicated above shall have a minimum width of 24 feet.

e.

Parking spaces to accommodate vehicles with trailers, boats and recreational vehicles shall be at least ten by 40 feet.

f.

All parking lot stalls shall be striped and maintained.

g.

Handicapped spaces shall be furnished as required by state law.

h.

Parallel parking shall not be permitted.

B.

All parking spaces shall be provided with adequate access by means of maneuvering lanes. Spaces shall not be designed to permit backing directly onto a street.

C.

The entire parking area, including parking spaces, maneuvering lanes and drives required under this section, shall be paved with asphaltic or concrete surfacing in accordance with specifications of the township engineering ordinance. The parking area shall be surfaced prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy for the building or buildings which it serves, or cash deposit acceptable to the Charter Township of Harrison in an amount equal to 125 percent of the township engineer's approved estimate of cost of the improvement. Any improvements for which a cash deposit has been posted shall be installed by the end of the construction season following the posting.

D.

Off-street parking areas shall be drained to dispose of all surface water accumulated in the parking area in such a way as to prevent drainage of water onto adjacent property or toward buildings, and drainage plans shall meet the specifications of the township engineering ordinance.

E.

In any area where front-end parking abuts a curbed landscaped area at least five feet in width or a raised sidewalk having a minimum width of at least seven feet, the minimum parking stall depth of 20 feet (as otherwise specified herein) may be decreased by up to two feet in depth in order to allow for a vehicle to overhang such landscaped area or such sidewalk. In no case shall the parking stall depth be decreased to allow a vehicle to overhang a required parking setback or property line.

F.

Ingress and egress to a parking lot for non-residential purposes shall not be provided across land zoned for one-family or two-family residential purposes. All such entrances and exits shall also be located at least 25 feet from any property zoned for one-family residential use.

G.

Parking lot lighting shall meet the requirements of article VIII.

H.

The surface of the parking lot area, shall be maintained and kept free from weeds, rubbish, refuse and debris.

I.

All parking serving other than one or two-family dwellings shall be side-by-side. Tandem parking is prohibited; except where a multiple-family unit has its own separate two-car garage, their separate approach apron can be used for visitor parking. Tandem parking to a depth of three cars may be permitted in vehicle storage and inventory areas provided such areas are under the control of employees and are not accessible by the general public. Any parking or vehicle circulation areas accessible to the public shall meet the size standards specified in this section.

J.

Except as otherwise provided in this article, required off-street parking space shall be for the use of occupants, employees, visitors, customers, clients and patrons. Off-street parking shall not be used for other than parking purposes or allowed to become unusable, except for temporary repairs. The storage of vehicles or merchandise in any off-street parking space is prohibited, except as permitted in conjunction with the principal or accessory use and sale of motor vehicles.

K.

Adequate ingress and egress to the parking lot by means of clearly limited and defined paved drives shall be provided for all vehicles. All parking areas shall be provided with an entrance and exit from the abutting public thoroughfare. Such entrance and exit may be combined as one, which shall be 30 feet in width.

L.

Curbs, meeting the construction standards of the township engineering ordinance, are required. Bumper blocks are prohibited.

M.

A minimum setback of ten feet shall be provided between the parking lot and the adjoining property line. The front yard setback between the road and the parking lot shall be landscaped.

N.

All parking lots shall be screened as per the requirements of article 6.

O.

It shall be unlawful for any person to leave, park or store any motor vehicle or to permit any motor vehicle to be left, parked or stored in a parking lot as permitted in this subsection for a period of longer than 18 hours. It shall also be unlawful to park or permit to be parked any motor vehicle in such parking area between the hours of 12:00 midnight and 6:00 a.m. the following morning, unless the business maintaining such parking area remains open after midnight, in which case said lot shall be closed and all parked cars removed within 30 minutes after said business has closed. The parking of vehicles accessory to the principal use of the site is exempt from this provision.

P.

The use of any outdoor loud, noise-producing device or public address system shall be prohibited.

Q.

Required yards may be used for off-street parking provided adequate access to the rear of the building for firefighting and emergency equipment is available.

A.

It is intended that the provision of parking within structures or buildings shall serve to increase the value and convenience of related development and to enhance, rather than detract from, the appearance of the overall development. It is further intended that the provision of such facilities shall not negatively impact the safety and security of the public. All parking structures shall observe the layout, construction and maintenance requirements of section 9.05.

B.

Parking structures shall be physically integrated into the overall design and functioning of the site. The exterior treatment of the parking structure element of a building complex shall be substantially the same in appearance to that of the main building element, and shall further be designed so that all architectural and vehicular lighting is shielded or screened from view from adjacent properties.

A.

The number, size and location of off-street loading and unloading area shall be provided whenever it is determined by the planning commission that the nature of the building or use is such that loading areas would be necessary.

1.

Loading and unloading space, when required, shall be an area ten feet by 50 feet, with 15-foot height clearance, and shall meet the following requirements:

a.

Loading and unloading areas shall be so located and designed that the vehicles intended to use them can maneuver safely and conveniently to and from a public right-of-way and complete loading and unloading operations without obstructing or interfering with any public right-of-way or any parking space or parking lot maneuvering lane or aisle. When required, loading and unloading areas shall be designated and defined.

b.

No area allocated to loading and unloading facilities may be used to satisfy the area requirements for off-street parking, nor shall any portion of any off-street parking area be used to satisfy the area requirements for loading and unloading facilities.

c.

Unless otherwise specified, loading and unloading areas shall be provided only in rear yards. Side yard loading may be permitted by the planning commission when it is determined that such space and loading facilities would not interfere with parking and circulation, either vehicular or pedestrian, or with abutting uses.

d.

No part of any loading and unloading area shall be closer than 30 feet to a residential zoning district.

e.

All loading and unloading areas shall be surfaced, drained, and otherwise developed in accordance with the provisions applicable to off-street parking areas.

f.

Every use involving the receipt or shipment of materials or merchandise by trucks or trailers shall provide space for standing, so that loading and unloading services will not take place off the public streets, alleys and rights-of-way. Loading and unloading spaces shall be provided in such a manner that backing in from a public street shall not be facilitated.