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Huntsville City Zoning Code

ARTICLE 5

Lot and Setback Regulations

5.100 LOT DESIGN, ARRANGEMENT AND LAYOUT GENERALLY

All lots to be created must comply with the following regulations:

  1. 5.101
    Each lot must have sufficient size and shape to allow the construction of a residential or nonresidential building (as designated by the plat or zoning district map) that complies with all applicable lot and setback regulations and with all applicable development, building, housing, and health codes.
  2. 5.102
    Each lot must have sufficient size and shape to accommodate easements for all public and private utilities.
  3. 5.103
    Lots must be designed with side lot lines at right angles or radial to any adjacent street right-of-way line.
  4. 5.104
    Minimum lot dimensions, building setback lines, and lot areas must conform to applicable zoning district requirements.
  5. 5.105
    Depth and width of lots reserved or laid out for nonresidential use must be adequate to provide for the off-street service and parking facilities required by the type of use and development proposed.

Effective on: 2/22/2023

5.200 Residential Lot Size and Building Setback Regulations

  • 5.201
    Generally

    Table 5-1 establishes the dimensional standards for the residential zoning districts, which are depicted in Figure 5-1. Except as provided in Sec. 5.800, no lot shall be reduced in size so that its area, width, setback requirements, gross density, or other requirements of Table 5-1 are not maintained.

  • 5.202
    Setbacks Related to Driveways and Garages

    A minimum setback of 20 feet shall apply where a driveway provides access on a residential property from a street, other than an alley. This maintains an adequately sized parking space on the driveway between the structure and the street and helps to avoid encroachment into public sidewalks, despite lower minimum setback standards in Table 5-1 for the remainder of the building.

  • 5.203
    Measurements Reference

    Refer to Sec. 5.800 for explanations of, and special provisions related to, the measurements and standards in Table 5-1.

  • Table 5-1: Residential Lot and Building Setback Regulations5
     Medium Density Residential (MR)High Density Residential (HR) 
     See Fig. 5-1 for Measurement RulesLow Density Residential Detached House/
    Patio Home 
    Two-Unit Town House Apartment/Condo 
     Minimum Lot Size (Sq. Ft.)
      Conv/InfillConv/Infill Conv/Infill Conv/Infill Conventional/Infill 
     Lot Area (A)26,1366,000/4,0006,000/4,0002,400/2,0007,500
     Lot Area per Unit26,1366,000/4,0003,000/2,00042,400/2,00041,5004
     Lot Width (B)110050/4050/4045/3075
     Max Height (C)35353545--
     Minimum Building Setbacks (feet)
     Street (D)22525/2025/2025/2025
     Street Side (E)22015/1515/1515/1520
     Side (F)1010/510/5310/5310
     Rear (G)1010101010

    1 The width must be at least 33% of the lot's depth, but not more than 2 times the lot's depth.

    2 The sight triangle requirements of §10.407.D do apply.

    3 Applies only to end units. No setback required between units with attached/abutting walls.

    4 1 Unit = three (3) bedrooms or less.

    5 Refer to Section 2.401, Simple Living Residential District.

    Table 5-1: Residential Lot and Building Setback Regulations5
     Medium Density Residential (MR)High Density Residential (HR) 
     See Fig. 5-1 for Measurement RulesLow Density Residential Detached House/
    Patio Home 
    Two-Unit Town House Apartment/Condo 
     Minimum Lot Size (Sq. Ft.)
      Conv/InfillConv/Infill Conv/Infill Conv/Infill Conventional/Infill 
     Lot Area (A)26,1366,000/4,0006,000/4,0002,400/2,0007,500
     Lot Area per Unit26,1366,000/4,0003,000/2,00042,400/2,00041,5004
     Lot Width (B)110050/4050/4045/3075
     Max Height (C)35353545--
     Minimum Building Setbacks (feet)
     Street (D)22525/2025/2025/2025
     Street Side (E)22015/1515/1515/1520
     Side (F)1010/510/5310/5310
     Rear (G)1010101010

    1 The width must be at least 33% of the lot's depth, but not more than 2 times the lot's depth.

    2 The sight triangle requirements of §10.407.D do apply.

    3 Applies only to end units. No setback required between units with attached/abutting walls.

    4 1 Unit = three (3) bedrooms or less.

    5 Refer to Section 2.401, Simple Living Residential District.

    Table 5-1: Residential Lot and Building Setback Regulations5
     Medium Density Residential (MR)High Density Residential (HR) 
     See Fig. 5-1 for Measurement RulesLow Density Residential Detached House/
    Patio Home 
    Two-Unit Town House Apartment/Condo 
     Minimum Lot Size (Sq. Ft.)
      Conv/InfillConv/Infill Conv/Infill Conv/Infill Conventional/Infill 
     Lot Area (A)26,1366,000/4,0006,000/4,0002,400/2,0007,500
     Lot Area per Unit26,1366,000/4,0003,000/2,00042,400/2,00041,5004
     Lot Width (B)110050/4050/4045/3075
     Max Height (C)35353545--
     Minimum Building Setbacks (feet)
     Street (D)22525/2025/2025/2025
     Street Side (E)22015/1515/1515/1520
     Side (F)1010/510/5310/5310
     Rear (G)1010101010

    1 The width must be at least 33% of the lot's depth, but not more than 2 times the lot's depth.

    2 The sight triangle requirements of §10.407.D do apply.

    3 Applies only to end units. No setback required between units with attached/abutting walls.

    4 1 Unit = three (3) bedrooms or less.

    5 Refer to Section 2.401, Simple Living Residential District.

    Table 5-1: Residential Lot and Building Setback Regulations5
     Medium Density Residential (MR)High Density Residential (HR) 
     See Fig. 5-1 for Measurement RulesLow Density Residential Detached House/
    Patio Home 
    Two-Unit Town House Apartment/Condo 
     Minimum Lot Size (Sq. Ft.)
      Conv/InfillConv/Infill Conv/Infill Conv/Infill Conventional/Infill 
     Lot Area (A)26,1366,000/4,0006,000/4,0002,400/2,0007,500
     Lot Area per Unit26,1366,000/4,0003,000/2,00042,400/2,00041,5004
     Lot Width (B)110050/4050/4045/3075
     Max Height (C)35353545--
     Minimum Building Setbacks (feet)
     Street (D)22525/2025/2025/2025
     Street Side (E)22015/1515/1515/1520
     Side (F)1010/510/5310/5310
     Rear (G)1010101010

    1 The width must be at least 33% of the lot's depth, but not more than 2 times the lot's depth.

    2 The sight triangle requirements of §10.407.D do apply.

    3 Applies only to end units. No setback required between units with attached/abutting walls.

    4 1 Unit = three (3) bedrooms or less.

    5 Refer to Section 2.401, Simple Living Residential District.

    Figure 5-1: Residential Measurements
    FIGURE NOTES: 
    A = Minimum Lot Area per Unit  |  B = Minimum Lot Width |  C = Maximum Height | D = Minimum Street Setback | E = Minimum Street Side Setback | F = Minimum Side Setback | G = Minimum Rear Setback

    Commentary:  For Two-Unit and Apartment/Condo Residential Developments with more than three bedrooms per dwelling unit, required Lot Area per Unit shall increase by 33% for each additional bedroom in each dwelling unit. 

    1. 5.204
      Development Types
      1. 5.204.A.
        Conventional
        1. 1.
          Description. The conventional development type, as depicted in Figure 5-2, is a pattern that allows primarily residential uses and that provides the majority of residential property owners with private open space on their own property. A conventional development type consists of varying housing types depending on the zoning district and minimum lot size is a primary factor in the character-built environment of the development.
        2. 2.
          Standards. All the requirements of this Article shall apply to conventional development types unless otherwise specified.

    Figure 5-2: Conventional Development Type

     
    1.  
      1. 5.204.B.
        Infill
        1. 1.

          Eligibility for Infill. An infill development type may be located on any parcel:

          1. a.
            Vacant or Unoccupied. That is surrounded by existing developed properties and has been vacant or unoccupied for more than one year; 
          2. b.
            Utility Easements. Where adjacent properties abutting at least 50 percent of the non-street perimeter of the subject property are utility easements that create a substantial break in development or redevelopment potential; 
          3. c.
            Environmental Constraints. Where adjacent properties abutting at least 50 percent of the non-street perimeter of the subject property are encumbered by environmentally sensitive or constrained areas such as floodplains; or
          4. d.
            Existing Development. Where adjacent properties abutting at least 50 percent of the non-street perimeter of the subject property are developed with single-family dwellings of higher density or intensity uses.
        2. 2.
          Site Area.  The minimum site area for an infill development is 20,000 square feet.  
        3. 3.
          Appearance. Infill development shall be constructed to be generally compatible in appearance with other existing structures on adjacent properties. This provision shall be satisfied by constructing the proposed building(s) so that at least three of the following features are substantially similar to the majority of other buildings in the context:
          1. a.
            Roof pitch and overhang;
          2. b.
            Shape, size, and alignment of windows and doors;
          3. c.
            Front porches or porticos;
          4. d.
            Exterior building color; or
          5. e.
            Location and style of garage or carport.
        4. 4.
          Alternative Standards. In place of the standards in this Section and other standards of this UDO, the applicant may utilize the following alternative standards. 
          1. a.
            Lot Area and Width. The minimum lot area and width may be that of the smallest and narrowest lot on the block face on which the property is located.
          2. b.
            Maximum Building Height. The maximum building height may be that of the tallest building on the block face on which the property is located, plus 15 percent of the height. 
          3. c.
            Buffering. Where a buffer is required between zoning districts, the buffer width and planting materials may be reduced by 50 percent.
          4. d.
            Front Setback. The street setback of the building may be that of the average of the entire block face, if such average results in a smaller street setback than required in Table 5-1

    Figure 5-3: Infill Development Type

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    5.300 NONRESIDENTIAL AND MIXED USE LOT SIZE AND BUILDING SETBACK REGULATIONS

  • 5.301
    Generally

    Table 5-2 establishes the dimensional standards for the nonresidential and mixed use zoning districts, which are depicted in Figure 5-4 and Figure 5-5.

  • 5.302
    Setbacks Related to Driveways and Garages

    A minimum setback of 20 feet shall apply where a driveway provides access on a residential property from a street, other than an alley. This maintains an adequately sized parking space on the driveway between the structure and the street and helps to avoid encroachment into public sidewalks, despite lower minimum setback standards in Table 5-2 for the remainder of the building. In the MU zoning district, no garage entry shall extend toward the street beyond the front facade of the habitable space of the structure.

  • 5.303
    Measurements Reference

    Refer to Section 5.800 for explanations of, and special provisions related to, the measurements and standards in Table 5-2.

  • Table 5-2: Nonresidential and Mixed Use District Lot and Building Standards
    Zoning DistrictLandscaping PercentageMinimum Lot Area (SF) (A)Minimum Lot Width (Feet)
    (B)
    Minimum Setbacks (Feet)Minimum Frontage Build-Out (%) (G)Maximum
    Street (C)Street Side (D)Side1 
    (E)
    Rear1
    (F)
    Street Setback (Feet)2 (H)Height (Feet) (I)
    IN5%7,50075252010/5010/20------
    MU310%----5510/1010/1075--65
    PI10%7,50075252010/2010/20----65

    1. First number applies if adjacent to apartments, nonresidential, or mixed use / second number applies if adjacent to residential (excluding apartments)

    2. Applies to street setback and street side setback

    3. Refer to Section 2.400, Supplemental District Regulations, for additional standards specific to the MU district

    -- = No minimum or maximum

    Table 5-2: Nonresidential and Mixed Use District Lot and Building Standards
    Zoning DistrictLandscaping PercentageMinimum Lot Area (SF) (A)Minimum Lot Width (Feet)
    (B)
    Minimum Setbacks (Feet)Minimum Frontage Build-Out (%) (G)Maximum
    Street (C)Street Side (D)Side1 
    (E)
    Rear1
    (F)
    Street Setback (Feet)2 (H)Height (Feet) (I)
    IN5%7,50075252010/5010/20------
    MU310%----5510/1010/1075--65
    PI10%7,50075252010/2010/20----65

    1. First number applies if adjacent to apartments, nonresidential, or mixed use / second number applies if adjacent to residential (excluding apartments)

    2. Applies to street setback and street side setback

    3. Refer to Section 2.400, Supplemental District Regulations, for additional standards specific to the MU district

    -- = No minimum or maximum

    Table 5-2: Nonresidential and Mixed Use District Lot and Building Standards
    Zoning DistrictLandscaping PercentageMinimum Lot Area (SF) (A)Minimum Lot Width (Feet)
    (B)
    Minimum Setbacks (Feet)Minimum Frontage Build-Out (%) (G)Maximum
    Street (C)Street Side (D)Side1 
    (E)
    Rear1
    (F)
    Street Setback (Feet)2 (H)Height (Feet) (I)
    IN5%7,50075252010/5010/20------
    MU310%----5510/1010/1075--65
    PI10%7,50075252010/2010/20----65

    1. First number applies if adjacent to apartments, nonresidential, or mixed use / second number applies if adjacent to residential (excluding apartments)

    2. Applies to street setback and street side setback

    3. Refer to Section 2.400, Supplemental District Regulations, for additional standards specific to the MU district

    -- = No minimum or maximum

    Table 5-2: Nonresidential and Mixed Use District Lot and Building Standards
    Zoning DistrictLandscaping PercentageMinimum Lot Area (SF) (A)Minimum Lot Width (Feet)
    (B)
    Minimum Setbacks (Feet)Minimum Frontage Build-Out (%) (G)Maximum
    Street (C)Street Side (D)Side1 
    (E)
    Rear1
    (F)
    Street Setback (Feet)2 (H)Height (Feet) (I)
    IN5%7,50075252010/5010/20------
    MU310%----5510/1010/1075--65
    PI10%7,50075252010/2010/20----65

    1. First number applies if adjacent to apartments, nonresidential, or mixed use / second number applies if adjacent to residential (excluding apartments)

    2. Applies to street setback and street side setback

    3. Refer to Section 2.400, Supplemental District Regulations, for additional standards specific to the MU district

    -- = No minimum or maximum

    Figure 5-4: Nonresidential Measurements (Other Than MU)
    FIGURE NOTES: 
    A = Minimum Lot Area  |  B = Minimum Lot Width |  C = Minimum Street Setback | D = Minimum Street Side Setback | E = Minimum Side Setback | F = Minimum Rear Setback | I = Maximum Height
    Figure 5-5: Nonresidential Measurements (MU)
    FIGURE NOTES: 
    B = Minimum Lot Width |  C = Minimum Street Setback | D = Minimum Street Side Setback | E = Minimum Side Setback | F = Minimum Rear Setback | G = Minimum Frontage Build-Out | H = Maximum Street Setback

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    5.400 AGRICULTURE TRACTS

    Agricultural tracts created by land division within the City or ETJ of the City must be laid out and arranged in a way that allows the opening of future streets and resubdivisions.

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024)

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    5.500 RESIDENTIAL LOTS

  • 5.501
    Apartment / Condo

    Apartment or condo lots in the HR district are subject to compliance with the lot and building setback regulations of Table 5-1. Except as otherwise expressly stated in this Development Code, apartment/condo lots that comply with the minimum lot area per unit requirements of Table 5-1 may be occupied by more than one principal residential building.

  • 5.502

    Patio Home

    1. 5.502.A.
      A patio home is a detached house that is placed against one of the interior side lot lines rather than centered on the lot, with setbacks on each side. Patio home lots are subject to compliance with the patio home lot and building setback regulations of Table 5-1. In addition, patio home lots are subject to the following regulations:
    2. 5.502.B.
      A patio home development must consist of at least 3 contiguous lots with frontage on the same street.
    3. 5.502.C.
      The interior side setback on one side of the lot containing a patio home may be reduced to as little as zero. The zero- or reduced setback side of a patio home may not abut a street and may not abut a lot that is not part of the patio home development. On the “non-zero” side, a setback must be provided in accordance with the minimum side setback requirement of Table 5-1.
    4. 5.502.D.
      Eaves on the side of a patio home with a reduced setback may not project over the property line.
    5. 5.502.E.
      When the patio home’s exterior wall or eaves are set back less than 2 feet from the abutting property line, a perpetual maintenance easement at least 5 feet in width must be provided on the lot abutting the zero lot line property line, which, with the exception of walls and/or fences, must be kept clear of structures. The easement must be shown on the plat and incorporated into each deed transferring title to the property. This provision is intended to ensure the ability to conduct maintenance on the patio home.
    6. 5.502.F.
      Windows, doors, or other openings that allow for visibility into the side yard of the lot abutting the reduced or zero setback side of the patio home are prohibited. Windows that do not allow visibility into the side yard of the parcel abutting the zero or reduced setback side, such as clerestory windows or translucent windows, are allowed, subject to compliance with the building code.
    7. 5.502.G.
      Individual utility connections must be provided to each patio house dwelling unit.
    8. 5.502.H.
      All utilities must be placed underground.
  • 5.503
    Townhouse

    Townhouses are subject to compliance with the townhouse lot and building setback regulations of Table 5-1. In addition, townhouse lots are subject to all of the following regulations.

    1. 5.503.A.
      Individual utility connections must be provided to each townhouse dwelling unit.
    2. 5.503.B.
      All utilities must be placed underground.
    3. 5.503.C.
      A single building may not contain more than 12 townhouse units.
    4. 5.503.D.
      Each townhouse building or series of townhouses must be separated by a minimum distance of 20 feet.
  • 5.504
    Two-Unit House

    Two-unit houses are subject to compliance with the two-unit house lot and building setback regulations of Table 5-1.

  • 5.505
    [Reserved]
  • 5.506
    Manufactured Homes

    Manufactured home lots are to be located within a Manufactured Home Park/Subdivision or as a replacement on a lot that previously contained a manufactured home and are subject to compliance with the manufactured home lot building setback regulations of Table 2-4. Only manufactured homes can be placed on lots developed to manufactured home lot standards. See also the mobile home and manufactured housing regulations of §§ 2.406 and 4.203.

  • (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    5.600 NONRESIDENTIAL LOTS

    Commercial, office, industrial, public, civic and institutional and other nonresidential uses are subject to compliance with the nonresidential lot and building setback regulations of Table 5-2.

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024)

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    5.700 FLAG LOTS

    Flag lot configurations are allowed for lots in the MR, HR, IN, and PI districts. Flag lots must comply with the minimum lot area, lot area per unit, lot width, and building setback regulations of Table 5-1, Table 5-2 and the additional flag lot regulations of Table 5-3.

    Table 5-3: Flag Lots
     See Figure 5-1MR, HR DistrictIN, and PI Districts
    AMinimum Street Frontage (feet)2550
    BMaximum Length of Staff (feet)1200100
    CMinimum Lot Width (feet)As required by Table 5-1 and Table 5-2

    1 The staff or “panhandle” portion of a flag lot must be restricted solely for access to the developable portion of the lot (the flag). Such restrictions must be shown on the face of the plat.

    Figure 5-6: Flag Lot Measurements

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    5.800 MEASUREMENTS

  • 5.801
    Lot Area

    Lot area is measured as the total ground-level surface area contained within the property boundaries of a lot.

  • 5.802
    Lot Area per Dwelling Unit

    Lot area per dwelling unit is a measure of residential density. It governs the amount of lot area required for each dwelling unit on the subject lot. To determine the number of dwelling units allowed on a lot, divide the lot area of the subject lot by the minimum lot-area-per-unit requirement of Table 5-1, and round any fractional result down to a whole number. If, for example, a minimum lot-area-per-unit requirement of 1,750 feet is applied to a 10,000 square foot lot, a maximum of 5 units would be allowed on that lot (5.71 rounded down to 5).

  • 5.803
    Lot Width

    Lot width is measured as the horizontal distance between the side lot lines of a lot measured at the midpoint between the front and rear lot lines.

  • Figure 5-7: Lot Width Measurement
    1. 5.804
      Street Frontage

      Street frontage is measured between side lot lines of a lot along the lot line that abuts the street. See Figure 5-8. On lots that abut the bulb of a cul-de-sac or similarly curved street, frontage may be measured along the actual building setback line.

    Figure 5-8: Street Frontage Measurement
    1. 5.805
      Setbacks
      1. 5.805.A.
        Measurement

        Setbacks are measured from the referenced lot line to the closest point of the building or structure.

        1. 1.
          Street setbacks are measured from all lot lines that abut a street. See Figure 5-9. Street setbacks shall comply with Table 2-3 for SLR Districts and Table 5-1 for Residential Uses and Table 5-2 for all others.
    Figure 5-9: Street Setback Measurement
    1.  
      1.  
        1. 2.
          Side (interior) setbacks are measured from all side lot lines that do not abut a street. See Figure 5-10. Interior side setbacks do not apply to attached or abutting walls in a townhouse or two-unit project. 
    Figure 5-10: Side (interior) Setback Measurement
    1.  
      1.  
        1. 3.
           Rear setbacks are measured from the rear lot line. See Figure 5-11.
    Figure 5-11: Rear Setback Measurement
    1.  
      1. 5.805.B.
        Allowed Setback Encroachments

        Required setbacks must be unobstructed and unoccupied from the ground to the sky except that the following are exempt from setback requirements, as indicated:

        1. 1.
          Eave and roof extensions may encroach into any required setback for a distance of up to 24 inches.
        2. 2.
          Ordinary projections of windowsills, belt courses, cornices, and other architectural features may encroach into any required setback for a distance not to exceed 12 inches.
        3. 3.
          Driveways, walks, steps for negotiating ground slopes, retaining walls, hedges and natural growth, fences, paved patios and other paved structures used ornamentally, for gardening, or for private recreation purposes may encroach into any required setback. Such features are, however, subject to the intersection sight distance requirements of §10.407.D.
        4. 4.
          Open porches, exterior steps to building entrances, and open fire escapes may encroach into required setbacks, provided that such structures or features are open on at least 3 sides and set back at least 10 feet from street property lines and 5 feet from all interior property lines.
    2. 5.806
      Minimum Frontage Build-Out

      In Table 5-2, a minimum frontage build-out applies to the MU districts.  The minimum frontage build-out is measured as the percentage of the building wall adjacent to the street that is required to be located between the minimum and maximum street setback. See Figure 5-12, below.  For example, in Figure 5-12, the percentage of the building width (B) that lies within the area between the minimum and maximum street setbacks (A) is approximately 50 percent, compared to the overall width of the building (C).

    Figure 5-12: Minimum Frontage Build-Out
    FIGURE NOTES: 
    A = Area between the minimum and maximum street setbacks | B = Width of building wall that lies between the minimum and maximum setbacks | C = Entire width of the building 
    1. 5.807
      Gross Floor Area
    1. The total area of all the floors of a building, including intermediately floored tiers, mezzanines, etc., as measured from the exterior surfaces of the outside walls of the building.  See Figure 5-13 below.
    Figure 5-13: Gross Floor Area

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    5.900 ACCESS TO LOTS

    Perpetual legal access to lots must come from an established public street or by a perpetual access easement or right-of-way adequate to serve the subject lot. Lots designated for uses allowed/defined in Table 4-1 under the Residential Subcategory, Household Living are permitted to have access from an established public street only, with the exception that lots with no more than three (3) household dwelling units may have access from a perpetual access easement.  When permitted, each perpetual access easement or right-of-way must allow construction and perpetual maintenance of a driveway across the property and allow vehicular travel on the driveway. Perpetual access easements must be of record and filed in the office of the Walker County clerk.

    Commentary:  Whenever developments with more than one lot have access from a perpetual access easement, pedestrian access is required to be provided adjacent to the access easement.

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024)

    Effective on: 9/13/2024