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Huntsville City Zoning Code

ARTICLE 6

Parking and Driveway Access

6.100 GENERAL

  • 6.101
    Purpose

    The regulations of this article are intended to help ensure off-street motor vehicle parking facilities are provided in rough proportion to the generalized demands of different land uses. By requiring parking, it is the intent of this article to help avoid the negative impacts associated with spillover parking into adjacent areas, while at the same time avoiding the negative environmental and visual impacts that can result from unnecessarily large parking and vehicular use areas.

  • 6.102
    Applicability
    1. 6.102.A
      General

      Unless otherwise expressly stated, the regulations of this article apply in all zoning districts.

    2. 6.102.B
      New Uses and Development

      Unless otherwise expressly stated, the parking regulations of this article apply to all new buildings constructed and all new uses established.

    3. 6.102.C
      Enlargements and Expansions
      1. 1.
        Unless otherwise expressly stated, the parking regulations of this article apply whenever an existing building or use is enlarged or expanded to include additional dwelling units, floor area, seating capacity, employees, or other units of measurement used for establishing off-street parking requirements.
      2. 2.
        In the case of enlargements or expansions that trigger requirements for additional parking, additional spaces are required only to serve the enlarged or expanded area, not the entire building or use. There is no requirement to address a lawful, existing parking deficit.
    4. 6.102.D
      Change of Use

      When the use or occupancy of property changes, additional off-street parking and loading facilities must be provided to serve the new use or occupancy only when the number of parking or loading spaces required for the new use or occupancy exceeds the number of spaces required for the use that most recently occupied the building, based on the standards of this Development Code. Credit is given to the most recent lawful use of the property for the number of parking spaces that would be required under this Development Code, regardless of whether such spaces are actually provided. A new use is not required to address a lawful, existing parking deficit.

    5. 6.102.E
      Existing

      Existing off-street parking and loading areas may not be eliminated, reduced or modified below the minimum requirements established in this article.

  • Effective on: 2/22/2023

    6.200 MINIMUM PARKING RATIOS

    Except as otherwise expressly stated, off-street motor vehicle parking spaces must be provided in accordance with Table 6-1.

    Table 6-1: Minimum Motor Vehicle Parking Ratios
    USE CATEGORYMinimum Motor Vehicle Parking Requirement

    Subcategory Specific Use

     
    RESIDENTIAL 
    Household Living
        Apartment/condo

    1.0 spaces per bedroom

        Purpose-Built Shared HousingRefer to Purpose-Built Shared Housing Design Criteria
        All other household living2 spaces per dwelling unit, with 3 bedrooms or less, plus 1  space for each additional bedroom for dwelling units with more than 3 bedrooms. 
    Group Living1 space per 2 beds
    PUBLIC, CIVIC AND INSTITUTIONAL 
    Aircraft Landing AreaEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    College or UniversityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Community Center1 space per 300 square feet
    Governmental FacilityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Fraternal Organization1 space per 200 square feet
    Hospital1 space per 2 beds
    Library1 space per 300 square feet
    Museum or Cultural Facility1 space per 300 square feet
    Natural Resource PreservationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Parks and RecreationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Religious Assembly0.25 spaces per seat in main assembly area
    Safety ServiceEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    School
        Elementary and Junior High2 spaces per classroom
        Senior High10 spaces per classroom
    Utilities and Public Service Facility
        MinorNone
        MajorEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Wireless Communications
        Freestanding towerNone
        Building or tower-mounted antennaNone
    COMMERCIAL 
    Animal Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Assembly and Entertainment1 space per 4 seats
    Commercial Service
        Personal Service1 space per 250 square feet
        All other commercial service uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Day Care 1 space per employee + 1 drop-off/pick-up space per 1,000 square feet, with no more than 10 spaces required
    Eating Establishment1 space per 150 square feet
    Financial Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Funeral or Mortuary Service1 space per 4 seats
    Lodging
        Recreational Vehicle Park1 space per camping or RV space
        All other Lodging Uses1 space per room
    Mobile Food Vendor3 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses occurring on site plus one space per each employee on site
    Mobile Food Vendor Court2.5 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses/activities occurring on site (including entertainment) plus one space per each employee on site
    Office
        Medical1 space per 250 square feet
        All other office uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Retail Sales1 space per 250 square feet
    Self-service Storage Facility1 space per 10 storage spaces
    Trade School1 space per 300 square feet
    Vehicle Sales and Service2 spaces per fuel pump + 4 spaces per service bay
    INDUSTRIAL 
    Mining/Extraction1 space per employee
    Recycling Facility
        Recyclable Material Drop-off Facility3 spaces
        Recyclable Material Processing Facility1 space per 1,000 square feet
    Wholesale, Distribution & Storage
        Wholesale, Distribution and Storage (Indoor)1 space per 1,000 square feet
        All Other Wholesale, Distribution and Storage1 space per 1,000 square feet
    All Other Industrial Uses1 space per 1,000 square feet
    AGRICULTURE 
    Farming/General AgricultureNone
    Community GardenNone
    Table 6-1: Minimum Motor Vehicle Parking Ratios
    USE CATEGORYMinimum Motor Vehicle Parking Requirement

    Subcategory Specific Use

     
    RESIDENTIAL 
    Household Living
        Apartment/condo

    1.0 spaces per bedroom

        Purpose-Built Shared HousingRefer to Purpose-Built Shared Housing Design Criteria
        All other household living2 spaces per dwelling unit, with 3 bedrooms or less, plus 1  space for each additional bedroom for dwelling units with more than 3 bedrooms. 
    Group Living1 space per 2 beds
    PUBLIC, CIVIC AND INSTITUTIONAL 
    Aircraft Landing AreaEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    College or UniversityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Community Center1 space per 300 square feet
    Governmental FacilityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Fraternal Organization1 space per 200 square feet
    Hospital1 space per 2 beds
    Library1 space per 300 square feet
    Museum or Cultural Facility1 space per 300 square feet
    Natural Resource PreservationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Parks and RecreationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Religious Assembly0.25 spaces per seat in main assembly area
    Safety ServiceEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    School
        Elementary and Junior High2 spaces per classroom
        Senior High10 spaces per classroom
    Utilities and Public Service Facility
        MinorNone
        MajorEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Wireless Communications
        Freestanding towerNone
        Building or tower-mounted antennaNone
    COMMERCIAL 
    Animal Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Assembly and Entertainment1 space per 4 seats
    Commercial Service
        Personal Service1 space per 250 square feet
        All other commercial service uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Day Care 1 space per employee + 1 drop-off/pick-up space per 1,000 square feet, with no more than 10 spaces required
    Eating Establishment1 space per 150 square feet
    Financial Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Funeral or Mortuary Service1 space per 4 seats
    Lodging
        Recreational Vehicle Park1 space per camping or RV space
        All other Lodging Uses1 space per room
    Mobile Food Vendor3 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses occurring on site plus one space per each employee on site
    Mobile Food Vendor Court2.5 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses/activities occurring on site (including entertainment) plus one space per each employee on site
    Office
        Medical1 space per 250 square feet
        All other office uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Retail Sales1 space per 250 square feet
    Self-service Storage Facility1 space per 10 storage spaces
    Trade School1 space per 300 square feet
    Vehicle Sales and Service2 spaces per fuel pump + 4 spaces per service bay
    INDUSTRIAL 
    Mining/Extraction1 space per employee
    Recycling Facility
        Recyclable Material Drop-off Facility3 spaces
        Recyclable Material Processing Facility1 space per 1,000 square feet
    Wholesale, Distribution & Storage
        Wholesale, Distribution and Storage (Indoor)1 space per 1,000 square feet
        All Other Wholesale, Distribution and Storage1 space per 1,000 square feet
    All Other Industrial Uses1 space per 1,000 square feet
    AGRICULTURE 
    Farming/General AgricultureNone
    Community GardenNone
    Table 6-1: Minimum Motor Vehicle Parking Ratios
    USE CATEGORYMinimum Motor Vehicle Parking Requirement

    Subcategory Specific Use

     
    RESIDENTIAL 
    Household Living
        Apartment/condo

    1.0 spaces per bedroom

        Purpose-Built Shared HousingRefer to Purpose-Built Shared Housing Design Criteria
        All other household living2 spaces per dwelling unit, with 3 bedrooms or less, plus 1  space for each additional bedroom for dwelling units with more than 3 bedrooms. 
    Group Living1 space per 2 beds
    PUBLIC, CIVIC AND INSTITUTIONAL 
    Aircraft Landing AreaEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    College or UniversityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Community Center1 space per 300 square feet
    Governmental FacilityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Fraternal Organization1 space per 200 square feet
    Hospital1 space per 2 beds
    Library1 space per 300 square feet
    Museum or Cultural Facility1 space per 300 square feet
    Natural Resource PreservationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Parks and RecreationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Religious Assembly0.25 spaces per seat in main assembly area
    Safety ServiceEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    School
        Elementary and Junior High2 spaces per classroom
        Senior High10 spaces per classroom
    Utilities and Public Service Facility
        MinorNone
        MajorEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Wireless Communications
        Freestanding towerNone
        Building or tower-mounted antennaNone
    COMMERCIAL 
    Animal Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Assembly and Entertainment1 space per 4 seats
    Commercial Service
        Personal Service1 space per 250 square feet
        All other commercial service uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Day Care 1 space per employee + 1 drop-off/pick-up space per 1,000 square feet, with no more than 10 spaces required
    Eating Establishment1 space per 150 square feet
    Financial Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Funeral or Mortuary Service1 space per 4 seats
    Lodging
        Recreational Vehicle Park1 space per camping or RV space
        All other Lodging Uses1 space per room
    Mobile Food Vendor3 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses occurring on site plus one space per each employee on site
    Mobile Food Vendor Court2.5 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses/activities occurring on site (including entertainment) plus one space per each employee on site
    Office
        Medical1 space per 250 square feet
        All other office uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Retail Sales1 space per 250 square feet
    Self-service Storage Facility1 space per 10 storage spaces
    Trade School1 space per 300 square feet
    Vehicle Sales and Service2 spaces per fuel pump + 4 spaces per service bay
    INDUSTRIAL 
    Mining/Extraction1 space per employee
    Recycling Facility
        Recyclable Material Drop-off Facility3 spaces
        Recyclable Material Processing Facility1 space per 1,000 square feet
    Wholesale, Distribution & Storage
        Wholesale, Distribution and Storage (Indoor)1 space per 1,000 square feet
        All Other Wholesale, Distribution and Storage1 space per 1,000 square feet
    All Other Industrial Uses1 space per 1,000 square feet
    AGRICULTURE 
    Farming/General AgricultureNone
    Community GardenNone
    Table 6-1: Minimum Motor Vehicle Parking Ratios
    USE CATEGORYMinimum Motor Vehicle Parking Requirement

    Subcategory Specific Use

     
    RESIDENTIAL 
    Household Living
        Apartment/condo

    1.0 spaces per bedroom

        Purpose-Built Shared HousingRefer to Purpose-Built Shared Housing Design Criteria
        All other household living2 spaces per dwelling unit, with 3 bedrooms or less, plus 1  space for each additional bedroom for dwelling units with more than 3 bedrooms. 
    Group Living1 space per 2 beds
    PUBLIC, CIVIC AND INSTITUTIONAL 
    Aircraft Landing AreaEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    College or UniversityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Community Center1 space per 300 square feet
    Governmental FacilityEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Fraternal Organization1 space per 200 square feet
    Hospital1 space per 2 beds
    Library1 space per 300 square feet
    Museum or Cultural Facility1 space per 300 square feet
    Natural Resource PreservationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Parks and RecreationEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Religious Assembly0.25 spaces per seat in main assembly area
    Safety ServiceEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    School
        Elementary and Junior High2 spaces per classroom
        Senior High10 spaces per classroom
    Utilities and Public Service Facility
        MinorNone
        MajorEstablished in accordance with Sec. 6.307
    Wireless Communications
        Freestanding towerNone
        Building or tower-mounted antennaNone
    COMMERCIAL 
    Animal Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Assembly and Entertainment1 space per 4 seats
    Commercial Service
        Personal Service1 space per 250 square feet
        All other commercial service uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Day Care 1 space per employee + 1 drop-off/pick-up space per 1,000 square feet, with no more than 10 spaces required
    Eating Establishment1 space per 150 square feet
    Financial Service1 space per 250 square feet
    Funeral or Mortuary Service1 space per 4 seats
    Lodging
        Recreational Vehicle Park1 space per camping or RV space
        All other Lodging Uses1 space per room
    Mobile Food Vendor3 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses occurring on site plus one space per each employee on site
    Mobile Food Vendor Court2.5 spaces per vendor plus required parking for all uses/activities occurring on site (including entertainment) plus one space per each employee on site
    Office
        Medical1 space per 250 square feet
        All other office uses1 space per 300 square feet
    Retail Sales1 space per 250 square feet
    Self-service Storage Facility1 space per 10 storage spaces
    Trade School1 space per 300 square feet
    Vehicle Sales and Service2 spaces per fuel pump + 4 spaces per service bay
    INDUSTRIAL 
    Mining/Extraction1 space per employee
    Recycling Facility
        Recyclable Material Drop-off Facility3 spaces
        Recyclable Material Processing Facility1 space per 1,000 square feet
    Wholesale, Distribution & Storage
        Wholesale, Distribution and Storage (Indoor)1 space per 1,000 square feet
        All Other Wholesale, Distribution and Storage1 space per 1,000 square feet
    All Other Industrial Uses1 space per 1,000 square feet
    AGRICULTURE 
    Farming/General AgricultureNone
    Community GardenNone

    Effective on: 2/22/2023

    6.300 CALCULATION OF REQUIRED PARKING

    The following rules apply when calculating the required number of off-street parking spaces:

    1. 6.301
      Multiple Uses

      Unless otherwise expressly allowed in accordance with the shared parking regulations of Sec. 6.402, lots containing more than one principal use must provide parking in an amount equal to the total of the requirements for all principal uses on the lot.

    2. 6.302
      Fractions

      When measurements of the number of required spaces result in a fractional number, any fraction of less than one-half (0.5) is rounded down to the next lower whole number, and any fraction of one-half (0.5) or more is rounded up to the next higher whole number.

    3. 6.303
      Area Measurements

      Unless otherwise expressly stated, all area-based (square footage) parking standards must be computed based on the sum of the gross horizontal areas of a building devoted to a use requiring off-street parking. The following areas are not counted as floor area for the purpose of calculating off-street parking and loading requirements: floor space devoted primarily to the housing of mechanical or electrical equipment, elevator shafts, stairwells, storage (except as otherwise noted), commercial kitchen areas, ramps, aisles, and maneuvering space devoted to off-street parking or loading facilities, or basement floor space unless the basement area is devoted to merchandising activities, the production or processing of goods, business or professional offices or residential dwelling units.

    4. 6.304
      Bench Seating

      Each 20 inches of seating area in bleachers, pews or similar bench-seating arrangement counts as one seat for the purpose of calculating seating-based parking requirements. See Figure 6-1.

    Figure 6-1: Bench Seating Measurement
    1. 6.305
      Occupancy- or Capacity-based Standards

      For the purpose of computing parking requirements based on employees, students, members, residents or occupants, calculations must be based on occupancy standards established by the building code.

    2. 6.306
      Unlisted Uses

      Upon receiving a development application for a use not specifically listed in an off-street parking schedule, the Building Official is authorized to apply the off-street parking ratio specified for the listed use that is deemed most similar to the proposed use or establish a minimum off-street parking requirement for the proposed use in accordance with § 6.307.

    3. 6.307
      Establishment of Other Parking Ratios

      The Building Official is authorized to establish required minimum off-street parking ratios for unlisted uses and in those instances where authority to establish a requirement is expressly granted. Such ratios may be established on the basis of a similar use/parking determination (as described in Sec. 6.306), on parking data provided by the applicant or information otherwise available to the Building Official. Parking data and studies must include estimates of parking demand based on reliable data collected from comparable uses or on external data from credible research organizations (e.g., Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) or American Planning Association [APA]). Comparability will be determined by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity and location. Parking studies must document the source of all data used to develop recommended requirements.

    Effective on: 2/22/2023

    6.400 PARKING EXEMPTIONS AND REDUCTIONS

  • 6.401
    Downtown District

    Off-street parking is not required for buildings that were in existence in the D zoning district on or before January 1, 1978. After January 1, 1978, new buildings and building expansions in the D district must provide off-street parking as required by Sec. 6.200 unless the minimum number of off-street parking spaces required to serve the new building or building expansion is 10 or fewer spaces, in which case no off-street parking is required.

  • 6.402
    Shared Parking
    1. 6.402.A
      Purpose

      Sharing parking among different users can result in overall reductions in the amount of motor vehicle parking required. Shared parking is encouraged as a means of conserving scarce land resources, reducing stormwater runoff, reducing the heat island effect caused by large paved areas and improving community appearance.

    2. 6.402.B
      Applicability

      Shared parking facilities are allowed for mixed-use projects and for multiple uses with different periods of peak parking demand, subject to approval by the Building Official. Required residential parking and accessible parking spaces (for persons with disabilities) may not be shared and must be located on site.

    3. 6.402.C
      Methodology

      The number of parking spaces required under a shared parking arrangement must be determined in accordance with the following:

      1. 1.
        Multiply the minimum parking required for each individual use, as set forth in Table 6-1 by the percentage identified for each of the 6 designated time periods in Table 6-2.
      2. 2.
        Add the resulting sums for each of the 6 columns.
      3. 3.
        The minimum shared parking requirement is the highest sum among the 6 columns resulting from the above calculations.
      4. 4.
        Select the time period with the highest total parking requirement and use that total as the shared parking requirement.
  • Table 6-2: Shared Parking Calculations
    Land UseWeekdayWeekend
    Midnight – 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –MidnightMidnight –7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –Midnight
    Office and Industrial5%100%10%0%60%5%
    Lodging100%60%90%100%65%80%
    Eating and Drinking50%70%100%45%70%100%
    Religious Assembly0%10%30%0%100&30%
    Assembly & Entertain.10%50%100%5%80%100%
    Retail & Comm. Service5%70%90%0%100%60%
    Table 6-2: Shared Parking Calculations
    Land UseWeekdayWeekend
    Midnight – 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –MidnightMidnight –7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –Midnight
    Office and Industrial5%100%10%0%60%5%
    Lodging100%60%90%100%65%80%
    Eating and Drinking50%70%100%45%70%100%
    Religious Assembly0%10%30%0%100&30%
    Assembly & Entertain.10%50%100%5%80%100%
    Retail & Comm. Service5%70%90%0%100%60%
    Table 6-2: Shared Parking Calculations
    Land UseWeekdayWeekend
    Midnight – 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –MidnightMidnight –7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –Midnight
    Office and Industrial5%100%10%0%60%5%
    Lodging100%60%90%100%65%80%
    Eating and Drinking50%70%100%45%70%100%
    Religious Assembly0%10%30%0%100&30%
    Assembly & Entertain.10%50%100%5%80%100%
    Retail & Comm. Service5%70%90%0%100%60%
    Table 6-2: Shared Parking Calculations
    Land UseWeekdayWeekend
    Midnight – 7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –MidnightMidnight –7:00 a.m.7:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.6 p.m. –Midnight
    Office and Industrial5%100%10%0%60%5%
    Lodging100%60%90%100%65%80%
    Eating and Drinking50%70%100%45%70%100%
    Religious Assembly0%10%30%0%100&30%
    Assembly & Entertain.10%50%100%5%80%100%
    Retail & Comm. Service5%70%90%0%100%60%
    1.  
      1. 6.402.D
        Other uses

        If one or more of the land uses proposing to make use of shared parking arrangement do not conform to the land use classifications in Table 6-2, as determined by the Building Official, then the applicant must submit sufficient data to indicate the principal operating hours of the uses. Based upon this information, the Building Official is authorized to determine the appropriate shared parking requirement, if any, for such uses.

      2. 6.402.E
        Alternative Methodology

        As an alternative to the shared parking methodology established in §6.402.C, the Building Official is authorized to approve shared parking calculations based on the latest edition of the Urban Land Institute’s or the Institute of Transportation Engineer’s shared parking model or based on studies prepared by professional transportation Planner or traffic engineer. The shared parking analysis must demonstrate that the peak parking demands of the subject uses occur at different times and that the parking area will be large enough for the anticipated demands of both uses.

      3. 6.402.F
        Location

        Shared parking may be located on-site or off-site. Off-site parking is subject to the regulations of Sec. 6.602.

      4. 6.402.G
        Shared Parking Agreement

        The owners of uses proposing to make use of shared parking areas to satisfy minimum parking requirements must submit a shared parking agreement, in a form approved by the City Attorney, guaranteeing the long-term availability of the shared parking, commensurate with the use served by the parking. Shared parking privileges will continue in effect only as long as the agreement, binding on all parties, remains in force. If an off-site parking agreement lapses or is no longer valid, then parking must be provided as otherwise required by this article. Shared parking agreements must be recorded in the Walker County’s clerk’s office.

    2. 6.403
      Motorcycle Parking

      In parking lots containing over 20 motor vehicle parking spaces, motorcycle or scooter parking may be substituted for up to 5 automobile parking spaces or 5% of required motor vehicle parking, whichever is less. For every 4 motorcycle or scooter parking spaces provided, the motor vehicle parking requirement is reduced by one space. Each motorcycle and scooter space must have minimum dimensions of 4 feet by 8 feet.

    Effective on: 2/22/2023

    6.500 USE OF PARKING AREAS

  • 6.501
    Required off-street parking facilities may be used only for the temporary parking of licensed passenger motor vehicles by residents, tenants, patrons, employees, or guests of the principal use. Off-street parking spaces required by this Development Code must be maintained for the life of the principal use.
  • 6.502
    Off-street parking facilities may not be used for the parking of vehicles for the purpose of displaying the same for sale unless the principal use of the property on which the parking facility is located is the business of selling or leasing used or new vehicles. This provision is not intended to prohibit an owner or occupant of residential dwelling unit from selling a personal vehicle.
  • 6.503
    No vehicle repair or service of any kind shall be permitted in conjunction with off-street parking facilities in a residential district, except for minor repairs or service on vehicles owned by an occupant or resident of the premises.
  • (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    6.600 LOCATION

  • 6.601
    General

    Except as otherwise expressly stated in this Development Code, required off-street parking spaces must be located on the same lot and under the same control as the building or use they are required to serve.

  • 6.602
    Off-Site Parking
    1. 6.602.A
      When Allowed

      All or a portion of required off-street parking for nonresidential use may be provided off-site, in accordance with the regulations of this section.

      1. 1.
        Required accessible parking spaces and parking required for residential uses may not be located off site.
      2. 2.
        No more than 50% percent of the off-street parking spaces required for theaters, bowling alleys, dance halls, nightclubs, restaurants, or similar uses may be located off site.
      3. 3.
        No more than 80% of the off-street parking spaces required for a church, school auditorium or similar use may be located off-site.
    2. 6.602.B
      Location

      Off-site parking areas must be located within a 500-foot radius of the use served by such parking, measured between the main entrance of the use to be served and the outer perimeter of the furthest parking space within the off-site parking lot. Off-site parking lots are allowed only in districts that permit the principal use to be served by the off-site parking spaces.

    3. 6.602.C
      Design

      Off-site parking areas must comply with all applicable parking area design and landscape regulations of this Development Code.

    4. 6.602.D
      Control of Off-Site Parking Area

      The off-site parking area may be under separate ownership from the use to be served by the parking only if an agreement is provided, in a form approved by the City Attorney, guaranteeing the long-term availability of the parking, commensurate with the use served by the parking. Off-site parking privileges will continue in effect only as long as the agreement, binding on all parties, remains in force. If an off-site parking agreement lapses or is no longer valid, then parking must be provided as otherwise required by this article. Off-site parking agreements must be recorded in the Walker County’s clerk’s office.

  • Effective on: 2/22/2023

    6.700 DESIGN

  • 6.701
    Surfacing

    All required outdoor parking spaces must be properly designed and improved with a compacted stone base and surfaced with asphalt, concrete, or other comparable all-weather, dust-free material approved by the City Planner.

  • 6.702
    Wheel Stops

    In all parking lots containing 5 or more parking spaces, wheel stops must be installed where necessary to prohibit vehicle overhang onto adjacent pedestrian ways or landscape areas.

  • 6.703
    Driveway Access

    See Sec. 6.1100.

  • 6.704
    Landscaping

    See Article 7.

  • 6.705
    Stall Sizes and Parking Lot Geometrics

    Off-street parking areas must be designed to allow all vehicle maneuvers such as backing, parking and vehicle turning to take place on the lot. The dimensions of parking stalls and drive aisles must comply with the regulations of Table 6-3. Accessible parking spaces (for people with disabilities) are subject to the regulations of Sec. 6.900.

  • Table 6-3: Parking Area Dimensions
     Angle of Paring
    0° (Parallel)45°60°90°
    Stall Width (feet)7999
    Stall Length (feet)21 (middle), 24 (ends)19.51918
    Aisle Width (feet)**12 (one-way), 24 (two-way)131824
    Module Width (feet)NA52.56062
    Note: Dimensions are measured from the centerline of the stripe delineating the space.
    Table 6-3: Parking Area Dimensions
     Angle of Paring
    0° (Parallel)45°60°90°
    Stall Width (feet)7999
    Stall Length (feet)21 (middle), 24 (ends)19.51918
    Aisle Width (feet)**12 (one-way), 24 (two-way)131824
    Module Width (feet)NA52.56062
    Note: Dimensions are measured from the centerline of the stripe delineating the space.
    Table 6-3: Parking Area Dimensions
     Angle of Paring
    0° (Parallel)45°60°90°
    Stall Width (feet)7999
    Stall Length (feet)21 (middle), 24 (ends)19.51918
    Aisle Width (feet)**12 (one-way), 24 (two-way)131824
    Module Width (feet)NA52.56062
    Note: Dimensions are measured from the centerline of the stripe delineating the space.
    Table 6-3: Parking Area Dimensions
     Angle of Paring
    0° (Parallel)45°60°90°
    Stall Width (feet)7999
    Stall Length (feet)21 (middle), 24 (ends)19.51918
    Aisle Width (feet)**12 (one-way), 24 (two-way)131824
    Module Width (feet)NA52.56062
    Note: Dimensions are measured from the centerline of the stripe delineating the space.

    Figure 6-2: Parking Area Layout/Dimensions

    1. 6.706
      Striping

      In all parking lots containing 5 or more parking spaces, striping consisting of parallel lines, 4 inches in width must be provided for each parking space. Striping must be yellow or white. Accessible parking spaces must be painted in accordance with the Texas Accessibility Standards. See Figure 6-3.

    Figure 6-3: Parking Lot Markings
    1. 6.707
      Fire Lane Markings

      Fire lanes must be marked in accordance with the fire code.

    Effective on: 1/1/1901

    6.800 PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION

    An on-site circulation system for pedestrian and non-motorized travel must be provided in accordance with the requirements of this section. These pedestrian circulation requirements do not apply to lots occupied by detached houses, two-unit houses or attached houses.

    1. 6.801
      Connection to the Street

      The on-site pedestrian circulation system must connect all adjacent public rights-of-way to the main building entrance. The connection must follow a direct route and not involve significant out-of-direction travel for system users. See Figure 6-4.

    Figure 6-4: Connecting Building Entrances to Street
    1. 6.802
      Internal Connections

      The on-site pedestrian circulation system must connect all buildings on the site and provide connections to other areas of the site likely to be used by pedestrians and non-motorized travel, such as parking areas, bicycle parking, recreation areas, plazas and similar amenity features. See Figure 6-5.

    Figure 6-5: Internal Site Connections
    1. 6.803
      Design

      Required on-site pedestrian circulation facilities must be designed and constructed in accordance with the following requirements:

      1. 6.803.A
        The on-site pedestrian circulation system must be hard-surfaced, with a dust-free material and be at least 5 feet in width.
      2. 6.803.B
        When the on-site pedestrian circulation system crosses driveways, parking areas or loading areas, it must be clearly differentiated through the use of elevation changes, a different paving material or other equally effective methods. Striping does not meet this requirement. See Figure 6-6.
    Figure 6-6: Driveway Crossing
    1.  
      1. 6.803.C
        When the on-site pedestrian circulation system is parallel and adjacent to a motor vehicle travel lane, it must be a raised path at least 6 inches above the vehicle travel lane surface or be separated from the vehicle travel lane by a raised curb, bollards, landscaping or another physical barrier. If a raised path is used, the ends of the raised portions must be equipped with accessible curb ramps.
      2. 6.803.D
        The on-site pedestrian circulation system must be illuminated to ensure that it can be used safely at night by employees, residents, and customers. Lighting must be at a height appropriate for a pedestrian pathway system.

    Effective on: 2/22/2023

    6.900 ACCESSIBLE PARKING FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

  • 6.901
    The number, location and design of accessible parking spaces for people with disabilities must be provided in accordance with this section and the Texas Accessibility Standards.
  • 6.902
    Accessible spaces must be provided in accordance with Table 6-4.
  • Table 6-4: Minimum Accessible Parking Space Ratios
    Total Off-Street Parking Spaces ProvidedAccessible Parking Spaces Required
    1 to 251
    26 to 502
    51 to 753
    76 to 1004
    101 to 1505
    151 to 2006
    201 to 3007
    301 to 4008
    401 to 5009
    501 to 1,0002% of total
    over 1,00020 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000
    Table 6-4: Minimum Accessible Parking Space Ratios
    Total Off-Street Parking Spaces ProvidedAccessible Parking Spaces Required
    1 to 251
    26 to 502
    51 to 753
    76 to 1004
    101 to 1505
    151 to 2006
    201 to 3007
    301 to 4008
    401 to 5009
    501 to 1,0002% of total
    over 1,00020 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000
    Table 6-4: Minimum Accessible Parking Space Ratios
    Total Off-Street Parking Spaces ProvidedAccessible Parking Spaces Required
    1 to 251
    26 to 502
    51 to 753
    76 to 1004
    101 to 1505
    151 to 2006
    201 to 3007
    301 to 4008
    401 to 5009
    501 to 1,0002% of total
    over 1,00020 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000
    Table 6-4: Minimum Accessible Parking Space Ratios
    Total Off-Street Parking Spaces ProvidedAccessible Parking Spaces Required
    1 to 251
    26 to 502
    51 to 753
    76 to 1004
    101 to 1505
    151 to 2006
    201 to 3007
    301 to 4008
    401 to 5009
    501 to 1,0002% of total
    over 1,00020 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000
    1. 6.903
      Accessible parking spaces count towards the total number of parking spaces required.
    2. 6.904
      Each accessible parking space, except on-street spaces, must be at least 16 feet in width, with either an 8-foot or 5-foot wide diagonally striped access aisle. The access aisle may be located on either side of the vehicle portion of the accessible space. Abutting accessible parking spaces may not share a common access aisle. See Figure 6-7.
    Figure 6-7: Accessible Parking Spaces
    1. 6.905
      Accessible parking spaces and accessible passenger loading zones that serve a particular building must be the spaces or zones located closest to the nearest accessible entrance on an accessible route. In separate parking structures or lots that do not serve a particular building, parking spaces for disabled persons must be located on the shortest possible circulation route to an accessible pedestrian entrance of the parking facility.
    2. 6.906
      The regulations of this section apply to required spaces and to spaces that are voluntarily designated for accessible parking.

    Effective on: 1/1/1901

    6.1000 DRIVE-THROUGH FACILITIES

  • 6.1001
    Purpose

    These regulations of this section are intended to help ensure that:

    1. 6.1001.A
      There is adequate on-site maneuvering and circulation area for vehicles and pedestrians;
    2. 6.1001.B
      Vehicles awaiting service do not impede traffic on abutting streets; and
    3. 6.1001.C
      Impacts on surrounding uses are minimized.
  • 6.1002
    Applicability

    The regulations apply to new developments, the addition of drive-through facilities to existing developments and the relocation of existing drive-through facilities.

  • 6.1003
    Stacking Spaces Required

    Stacking lanes must be provided in accordance with the minimum requirements of Table 6-5.

  • Table 6-5: Stacking Space Requirements
    UseMinimum Number of Stacking Spaces Required
    Bank/financial institution4 spaces per drive-through lane
    Car wash2 spaces per approach lane, plus 2 drying spaces at end of bay
    Vehicle repair/maintenance2 per service bay
    Gasoline pump2 spaces per pump per side
    Restaurant6 total spaces, with at least 3 spaces between order and pick-up station
    Other3 spaces per lane, ordering station or machine
    1. 6.1004
      Stacking Lane Dimensions, Design and Layout
      1. 6.1004.A
        Stacking lanes must be designed so that they do not interfere with parking movements or safe pedestrian circulation. Stacking lanes must have a minimum width of 9 feet.
      2. 6.1004.B
        All stacking lanes must be clearly identified, through such means as striping, landscaping, pavement design, curbing and/or signs.
    2. 6.1005
      Setbacks

      Stacking lanes must be set back at least 50 feet from any abutting RU, LR, and MR districts.

    3. 6.1006
      Noise

      Sound attenuation walls, landscaping or other mitigation measures must be provided to ensure that drive-through facilities will not have adverse noise-related impacts on nearby residential uses.

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    6.1100 DRIVEWAYS

  • 6.1101
    Applicability

    All new, expanded, upgraded and reconstructed driveways are subject to the regulations of this section

  • 6.1102
    Street Access

    Driveways are allowed to take access only to streets where full street improvements exist and are maintained as public streets by the City, provided that low-volume (residential) driveways may take access to public lanes, alleys or other accepted public access facilities in existence before June 10, 1986.

  • 6.1103
    Permits Required

    No driveway may be constructed, expanded, upgraded or reconstructed until a driveway permit is obtained from the Building Official.

  • 6.1104
    Driveway Location

    The location of driveways is based on many factors, including the location of individual property lines and available street frontage, requirements of internal site design, the number of vehicles expected to use the driveways, and traffic safety. Generally, the farther from an intersection that a driveway can be located, the less it will affect traffic safety, through traffic and the less delay it will cause to vehicles using the driveway.

    1. 6.1104.A
      All driveways must be located so as not to interfere with pedestrian crosswalks and to safely accommodate non-motorized traffic.
    2. 6.1104.B
      Low-volume (residential) driveway approaches must be located entirely within the frontage of the lot and set back at least 3 feet from any side property line, except as allowed by §6.1105.B.
    3. 6.1104.C
      High-volume driveway approaches must be located entirely within the frontage of the lot and set back at least 10 feet from any side property line. This location restriction does not apply to joint-access driveways governed by a permanent joint-access agreement among the respective property owners either through platting or a mutual access easement.
    4. 6.1104.D
      The location of other driveways on the opposite side of the street must be taken into consideration when locating a proposed driveway. Whenever possible, driveways on opposite sides of the street must be aligned to reduce adverse effects on through traffic and to optimize efficiencies of the driveway. Driveways directly opposite each other are preferable to staggered driveways. Where it is not possible to place driveways directly opposite each other, a driveway must be placed so that adequate left-turn storage capacity is provided ahead of each driveway to avoid the overlap of left-turn movements.
    5. 6.1104.E
      Driveways must be set back at least 3 feet from any obstruction, such as a street light or utility pole, fire hydrant, traffic signal controller, telephone junction box, etc 
  • 6.1105
    Number of Driveways per Lot
    1. 6.1105.A
      The maximum number of driveways per lot may not exceed the limits established in Table 6-6, except as stated in §6.1105.B.
  • Table 6-6: Maximum Number of Driveways per Lot1
    Street TypeStreet Frontage (feet)Permitted Driveways
    Local< 1001
    101−2002
    Over 2001 per additional 100 feet
    Collector< 1001
    100−2502
    Over 2501 per additional 200 feet
    Arterial< 1001
    100−3002
    Over 3001 per additional 300 feet

    1 Exception: Residential circle drives are considered one driveway.

    1.  
      1. 6.1105.B
        When the owners of abutting lots agree to permanently combine driveway access points, the total street frontage required will be reduced by 15% for each lot. In addition, if the agreement also includes a shared parking agreement, the required number of parking spaces may be reduced by 15% for each development
    2. 6.1106
      Driveway Design and Construction
      1. 6.1106.A
        Width

        Driveway entrance widths must be designed and constructed to accommodate all vehicle types that will be entering the lot, including delivery vehicles. Minimum and maximum driveways widths are established in Table 6-7. 

    Table 6-7: Driveway Widths
     Low-Volume DrivewaysHigh-Volume Driveways
    1-way Entrance1-way Exit2-way entrance/exit
    Minimum Width (feet)12202025
    Maximum Width (feet)24242438
    Table 6-7: Driveway Widths
     Low-Volume DrivewaysHigh-Volume Driveways
    1-way Entrance1-way Exit2-way entrance/exit
    Minimum Width (feet)12202025
    Maximum Width (feet)24242438
    Table 6-7: Driveway Widths
     Low-Volume DrivewaysHigh-Volume Driveways
    1-way Entrance1-way Exit2-way entrance/exit
    Minimum Width (feet)12202025
    Maximum Width (feet)24242438
    Table 6-7: Driveway Widths
     Low-Volume DrivewaysHigh-Volume Driveways
    1-way Entrance1-way Exit2-way entrance/exit
    Minimum Width (feet)12202025
    Maximum Width (feet)24242438
    Figure 6-8: Low-volume Driveway Width
    Figure 6-9: High-volume Driveway Width
    1.  
      1. 6.1106.B
        Curb Return Radii

        Driveway curb return radii must be designed and constructed according to the type of driveway and the classification of street, as established in Table 6-8.

    Table 6-8: Driveway Curb Return Radii
    Street ClassificationLow-Volume Driveway (feet)High-Volume Driveway (feet)
    Local510
    Collector510
    Arterial1020
    Table 6-8: Driveway Curb Return Radii
    Street ClassificationLow-Volume Driveway (feet)High-Volume Driveway (feet)
    Local510
    Collector510
    Arterial1020
    Table 6-8: Driveway Curb Return Radii
    Street ClassificationLow-Volume Driveway (feet)High-Volume Driveway (feet)
    Local510
    Collector510
    Arterial1020
    Table 6-8: Driveway Curb Return Radii
    Street ClassificationLow-Volume Driveway (feet)High-Volume Driveway (feet)
    Local510
    Collector510
    Arterial1020
    Figure 6-10: Driveway Curb Returns



    1.  
      1. 6.1106.C
        Deceleration Lanes

        Tapered or channelized deceleration lanes for vehicles turning right into high-volume or intersection type driveways may be required on arterial streets. Where such lanes are deemed necessary by the City Engineer, additional right-of-way may also be required.

      2. 6.1106.D
        One-Way Driveways Encouraged

        The use of one-way driveways, supported by an appropriate internal circulation system, is encouraged so that entrances and exits can be separate driveways. This will promote smoother traffic flow into and out of the driveways and reduce traffic congestion in through lanes on the street.

      3. 6.1106.E
        Special Designs

        When deemed necessary for the safe and efficient movement of traffic, the City Engineer is authorized to require that special design techniques be employed to restrict or limit turning movements into or out of a driveway.

    Figure 6-11: Right-in, Right-out Driveway Design
    Figure 6-12: Right-in, Right-out, Left-in Driveway Design
    Figure 6-13: Right-in, Right-out, Left-out Driveway Design
    1.  
      1. 6.1106.F
        Fueling Stations

        Sites that include fuel pumps parallel to the street are subject to the following additional regulations:

        1. 1.
          A minimum corner clearance of 35 feet is required, as measured from the point of intersecting right-of-way lines to the point of tangency of the curb return radii leading to the driveway approach. The point of tangency of the curbline corner radius and that of the curb return radius of the driveway approach is not compounded.
        2. 2.
          The spacing between driveway approaches within the same property lines must be at least 25 feet of tangent curb length.
        3. 3.
          A distance between the fuel pump, island and the right-of-way or property line must be at least 25 feet.
    2. 6.1107
      Spacing of High-Volume Driveways
      1. 6.1107.A
        High-volume driveways must be separated from other (high-volume and low-volume) driveways by a minimum distance of 20 feet.
      2. 6.1107.B
        High-volume driveways must be separated from intersecting street rights-of-way in accordance with the following minimum requirements:
        1. 1.
          Driveway spacing from intersecting arterial street ROW: 65 feet
        2. 2.
          Driveway spacing from intersecting collector street ROW: 55feet
        3. 3.
          Driveway spacing from intersecting local street ROW: 35 feet
    Figure 6-14: Required Spacing of High-volume Driveways
    1. 6.1108
      Sight Distance Requirements

      Driveways must comply with the intersection sight distance requirements of §10.407.D.

    2. 6.1109
      Additional Safety-related Access Restrictions

      The City Engineer is authorized to restrict or prohibit access to public streets when any of the conditions described below compromise the safety or mobility of motorized or nonmotorized travelers.

      1. 6.1109.A
        Backing Maneuvers

        Access may be denied for parking or loading areas that require backing maneuvers in a public street right-of-way except for detached houses or two-unit houses on local streets.

      2. 6.1109.B
        Signalized Intersections

        Access drives within the area of intersection of public streets where traffic signals are installed, or are anticipated to be installed in the future are prohibited.

      3. 6.1109.C
        Provision of Access

        If a lot has frontage on more than one street, access will be allowed only on those street frontages where driveway regulations can be met. If a lot cannot be served by any access point meeting these regulations, the City Engineer is authorized to designate an allowed access based on traffic safety, operational needs and conformance to as many of the applicable driveway requirements as possible.

      4. 6.1109.D
        State Highway Access

        Driveways openings on to state highways require approval of the Texas Department of Transportation.

    3. 6.11010
      Driveway Construction

      The portion of the driveway approach within the street right-of-way must be paved with concrete or asphalt, as follows:

      1. 6.1110.A
        Apartment/Condo, Commercial, or Industrial

        All pavement must be concrete.

      2. 6.1110.B
        Residential (other than Apartment/Condo)

        All driveway pavement abutting curb and gutter streets must be concrete. Driveway pavement abutting on non-curb and guttered streets may be concrete or asphalt or may be addressed as follows:

      3. 6.1110.C
        Property owners developing apartment/condo, commercial or industrial driveways located on non-curbed and guttered streets are responsible for all culvert installations.
      4. 6.1110.D
        Residential driveways taking access to non-curbed and guttered streets within the City limits will be provided culverts by the City. The City will charge the property owner its actual material and installation costs.
    4. 6.11011
      Maintenance of Driveway Approaches

      For driveway approaches and associated appurtenances used for ingress and/or egress to the property abutting, it is the duty of the subject property owner to maintain the driveway approach and associated appurtenances in accordance with City standards and specifications.

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024

    6.1200 LOADING

    Any use that regularly receives or distributes materials or merchandise by truck must provide off-street loading spaces in accordance with the regulations of this section.

    1. 6.1201
      Minimum Ratios

      Off-street loading spaces must be provided in accordance with Table 6-9.

    Table 6-9: Off-street Loading Requirements
    Use TypeMinimum Loading Spaces Required
    Public, Civic, Institutional, Commercial and Industrial
         Under 25,000 square feetNone
         25,000–49,999 square feet1 space
         50,000+1 space per 50,000 square
    1. 6.1202
      Design and Location
      1. 6.1202.A
        Off-street loading spaces must be at least 12 feet in width and 35 feet in length unless off-street loading will involve the use of vehicles in excess of 35 feet in length, in which case the minimum size of a loading space is 12 feet by 55 feet. All loading spaces must have a minimum vertical clearance of 14 feet.
      2. 6.1202.B
        All loading spaces must include sufficient maneuvering space to prevent interference with pedestrian or vehicular circulation on the subject site and on public streets and sidewalks, as determined by the City Engineer.
      3. 6.1202.C
        All loading spaces must be located on the subject lot, provided that the City Planner is authorized to approve central off-street loading spaces for a group of contiguous lots as a substitute for loading berths on individual lots if the following conditions are met:
        1. 1.
          Each lot served must have direct access to the central loading area without at-grade crossings streets or alleys; and
        2. 2.
          No lot served may be more than 500 feet from the central loading area.
      4. 6.1202.D
        All loading spaces for semi-tractor trailer combinations must be set back at least 50 feet from all residential districts. Loading spaces may be located within 50 feet of a ​​​​​​​residential​​​​​​​ district if completely enclosed by a solid wall at least 6 feet in height.
      5. 6.1202.E
        All off-street loading areas must be properly designed and improved with a compacted stone base and an all-weather, dust-free surface, generally asphalt or concrete.
      6. 6.1202.F
        Plans for the location, design and construction of all loading areas are subject to approval by the City Planner.
      7. 6.1202.G
        Loading spaces may not be used to satisfy off-street parking requirements or for the conduct of vehicle repair or service work of any kind.

    (Ord. No. 2024-20, 09/03/2024) 

    Effective on: 9/13/2024