The purpose of this article is to define general terms used in this zoning ordinance, to establish a classification system for land uses and a consistent set of terms defining uses permitted within various zoning districts, and to establish the rules for interpretation of language in this chapter.

In the construction of the zoning ordinance codified in this chapter, the following rules shall be observed and applied, except where the context clearly indicates otherwise:

1. The term "building" includes the term "structure."
2. The terms "used for" shall include the phrases "arranged for," "designed for," "intended for," "maintained for," and "occupied for."
3. The term "lot" shall mean zoning lot unless otherwise specified in this chapter.
4. The terms "lot," "parcel," or "premises" may be used interchangeably.
5. All stated and measured distances shall be taken to the nearest integral foot. If a fraction is one-half foot or less, the integral foot next below shall be taken.

Unless specifically defined in this chapter, common definitions, words and phrases used in this chapter shall be interpreted as to give them the same meaning as they have in common usage throughout this Code and are found in LEC 1.08.

1. Rules of interpretation for zoning use types and classifications.
   1. Purpose of use types. The purpose of the use types is to establish a classification system for land uses and a consistent set of terms defining uses permitted within various zoning districts. The use types section also facilitates the process of determining the applicable use type of any activity not clearly within any defined use type.
   2. Interpretation. In the event of any question as to the appropriate use type of any existing or proposed use or activity, the planning director shall have the authority to determine the appropriate use type. In making such a determination, the planning director shall consider the operational and physical characteristics of the use in question and shall consider the classification contained in the most recent edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual published by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. In addition, the planning director shall consider the specific requirements of the use in common with those included as examples of use types. Those examples, when included in use type descriptions, are intended to be illustrative, as opposed to exclusive lists. The planning director may also determine that a proposed use or activity is sufficiently different from any use type listed below and will require an amendment to the text of this chapter.
   3. Determinations in writing. The planning director shall make such determinations of appropriate use types in writing, which shall include an explanation of the reasons for the determination.
   4. Appeal. A determination of the planning director may be appealed to the board of adjustment pursuant to the procedures for administrative appeals outlined in LEC 3.08.100.
2. Use types and classifications.
   1. Residential and related uses.
      1. Family living.
         
         Live-work unit means a dwelling unit in combination with a shop, office, studio, or other work space within the same unit, where the resident occupant both lives and works.
         
         Manufactured home park means a development on a site under a single ownership which consists of two or more spaces for the placement of manufactured homes for dwelling or sleeping purposes, regardless of whether or not a fee is charged for the utilization of such space.
         
         Multifamily residential means a building containing three or more dwelling units served by one or more shared entrance. The term "multifamily residential" includes cooperative apartments and condominiums, but not condominium-hotels. (See condominium and condominium-hotel under LEC 1.08.)
         
         Secondary dwelling means a residential dwelling unit, but not a manufactured home, located on the same lot as a single-family dwelling unit, either within the principal structure or above a detached garage.
         
         Single-family, attached, or townhomes, means a building containing independent dwelling units adjacently attached to each other, each with separate exterior entrances at the ground floor. Single-family attached must contain more than two units, but not to exceed eight total units. The units may be on the same, or separate, lots.
         
         Single-family, detached, means a building containing only one dwelling unit, surrounded by landscape area or yards on all sides.
         
         Two-family or duplex means a building on a single lot or adjacent lots containing two dwelling units, either side-by-side or stacked vertically.
      2. Group living.
         
         Congregate housing means a dwelling providing shelter and services for the elderly, which may include meals, housekeeping, and personal care assistance and minor medical services, but not intermediate, long-term, or extended nursing care for residents.
         
         Correctional facilities means a public or privately-operated use providing housing and care for individuals legally confined, designed to isolate those individuals from a surrounding community.
         
         Group home means a residence shared by six or fewer handicapped persons in addition to resident staff, who live together as a single housekeeping unit and in a long-term, family-like environment in which staff persons provide care, education, and participation in community activities for the residents with the primary goal of enabling the residents to live as independently as possible in order to reach their maximum potential.
         
         Group residential facility means a licensed public or private establishment, which, for gain or otherwise, regularly provides one or more dependents with 24-hour a day substitute for the care, food, lodging, training, education, supervision, rehabilitation, and treatment they need, but which for any reason cannot be furnished in the dependent's own home. The term "group residential facility" includes, but is not limited, to state institutions under the control of the commissioner of public welfare, foster homes, maternity shelters, group homes, as defined herein, with seven or more residents, schools for handicapped children, and homes for battered children or battered spouses.
         
         Halfway house means an establishment providing accommodations, rehabilitation, counseling, and supervision to persons suffering from alcohol, drug addiction or other similar disorders, or to persons re-entering society after being released from a correctional facility or other institution.
         
         Semi-transient accommodations means and includes boardinghouses, roominghouses, fraternity and sorority houses, or lodging rooms, as defined by this chapter. Semi-transient accommodations do not include condominium-hotels, as defined in LEC 1.08.
   2. Public and civic uses.
      
      Cemetery means land used or intended to be used for the burial of the dead and dedicated for cemetery purposes, including columbarium's, crematories, mausoleums, and mortuaries when operated in conjunction with and within the boundaries of such cemetery.
      
      Colleges and universities means institutions of higher learning which offer courses of general or specialized study leading to a degree or certificate. They are certified by the state board of higher education or by a recognized accrediting agency. Colleges tend to be in campus-like settings or on multiple blocks. Accessory uses include offices, housing for students, food service, laboratories, health and sports facilities, theaters, meeting areas, parking, maintenance facilities, and support commercial. Examples include universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, nursing and medical schools not accessory to a hospital, and seminaries.
      
      Community services means establishments of a public, nonprofit, or charitable nature generally providing a local service to people of the community. Generally they provide the service on the site or have employees at the site on a regular basis. The service is ongoing, not just for special events. Community centers or facilities may incorporate membership provisions, and are open to the general public to join at any time (for instance, any senior citizen could join a senior center). The use may also provide special counseling, education, or training of a public, non-profit, or charitable nature. Accessory uses may include offices, meeting areas, food preparation areas, parking, health and therapy areas, day care uses, and athletic facilities. Examples include libraries, museums, senior centers, community centers, social service facilities, early childhood learning facilities, and other special educational services.
      
      Day care center means any facility operated for the purpose of providing care, protection, and guidance to 14 or more individuals during only part of a 24-hour day. The term "day care center" includes nursery schools, preschools, day care centers for individuals, and other similar uses but excludes public and private educational facilities or any facility offering care to individuals for a full 24-hour period.
      
      Public assembly means facilities owned and operated by a public or quasi-public agency accommodating public assembly for non-recreation purposes. Typical uses include auditoriums, convention facilities, exhibition facilities, convention halls, or armories.
      
      Religious institutions means establishments that are intended to primarily provide meeting areas for religious activities. Accessory uses include Sunday school facilities, parking, caretaker's housing, and group living facilities such as convents. Examples include churches, temples, synagogues, and mosques.
      
      Schools, public and private, means establishments at the primary, elementary, middle, junior high, or high school level that provide state-mandated basic education. Accessory uses include play areas, cafeterias, recreational and sport facilities, auditoriums, and before or after school day care. Examples include public and private day-time schools, boarding schools, and military academies.
      
      Exemptions:
      1. Preschools are classified as day care facilities; and
      2. Business and trade schools are classified as educational services.
   3. Services.
      
      Business center means a building or group of buildings planned, constructed, and managed as a total entity, with common on-site parking for a group of commercial service establishments, with office uses also permitted. In the central business district, the requirement for common on-site parking need not be met in order to classify a development as a business center.
      
      Business services means establishments primarily engaged in rendering services to business establishments on a fee or contract basis, such as advertising and mailing, building maintenance, office equipment rental and leasing, photo finishing, business supply services, and computer programming/data processing services.
      
      Communication services means establishments primarily engaged in the provision of broadcasting and other information relay services accomplished through the use of electronic and telephone mechanisms. Excluded from this use type are facilities classified as essential services or broadcasting and communications towers. Typical uses include television studios, telecommunications service centers, telegraph service offices or film and sound recording facilities.
      
      Educational services means establishments engaged in furnishing specialized academic or technical courses, normally on a fee basis, such as vocational or correspondence schools, barber college, data processing schools, or secretarial schools, along with non-degree granting schools such as post-secondary colleges and universities, martial arts, music, art, ceramic, and dramatic, schools, and dance instruction.
      
      Financial institution means provision of financial and banking services to consumers or clients. Walk-in and drive-in services are generally provided on site. Typical uses include banks, savings and loan associations, savings banks, credit unions, lending establishments, and drive-up automatic teller machines (ATMs).
      
      Funeral home means establishments engaged in undertaking services such as preparing the dead for burial, and arranging and managing funerals. Typical uses include funeral homes or mortuaries.
      
      Lodging. See Transient accommodations.
      
      Medical facilities means establishments engaged in providing diagnostic services, extensive medical treatment (including surgical services), and other hospital services, as well as continuous nursing service, including general medical and surgical hospitals, specialty hospitals, medical laboratories, bio-medical research and development, outpatient care facilities, medical schools and associated dormitories, medical appliance sales, and similar uses, but not including animal hospitals.
      
      Membership organization means organizations operating on a membership basis for the promotion of the interests of the members included such uses as trade associations, business associations, professional membership organizations, labor unions, civic or fraternal organizations, but not including churches, hospitals, golf and country clubs, or credit unions.
      
      Nursing and personal care means establishments primarily engaged in providing intermediate or long-term nursing and health related care to individuals, typically classified as nursing homes.
      
      Offices means a building or portion of a building used for office purposes by a business, service, professional, or institutional establishment, including medical offices or clinics, studios for those involved in art, sculpture, music, and the like, and all other establishments similar in character.
      
      Personal services means establishments primarily engaged in providing services involving the care of a person or his apparel, such as barber shops, clothing rental, salons and health clubs, photographic studios, cleaning and garment services (but not including power laundries or dry cleaning plants) or coin-operated laundries.
      
      Repair and maintenance shop means establishments engaged in miscellaneous repair services, primarily of household-oriented products such as radios, televisions, washers and dryers, furniture (including re-upholstery), small engine repair, bicycles, or locksmiths.
      
      Self-service storage facility means an establishment designed and utilized for the purpose of renting or leasing individual storage spaces to tenants who have sole private access to such space for storing personal property.
      
      Trade shop means any lot, land, building, or structure that serves as the headquarters for contractors involved in specialized activities such as plumbing, painting, plastering, masonry, carpentry, roofing, well drilling, landscaping and the like, where tools, equipment and materials used in the business are stored. The category also includes establishments involved in specialized trades such as sheet metal, sign painting, drapers, and exterminators.
      
      Transient accommodations, lodging, means establishments in which lodging is provided and offered to the public for compensation, and which is open primarily to transient guests, as distinguished from semi-transient boarding or rooming facilities. Typical uses include hotels, motels, and inns. Meeting and restaurant facilities may be included accessory to this use type. Condominium-hotels shall be considered as a type of transient accommodation.
      
      Transportation services means establishments furnishing services related to the arrangement of persons and goods movements, such as freight forwarding, parking services or the rental/leasing of automobiles or two-axle trucks.
      
      Veterinary service means establishments engaged in the practice of veterinary medicine, dentistry or surgery, along with those providing animal related services such as kennels, grooming, or breeding services.
   4. Food service.
      
      Drinking and entertainment means establishments primarily engaged in the selling of drinks for consumption on the premises, where entertainment may be provided and the incidental sale of prepared food for consumption on the premises is permitted. These establishments may often charge a fee or admission charge for the entertainment provided. Included in this category are bars, beer gardens, discotheques, nightclubs, taverns, and dance halls.
      
      Drive-in restaurant means an establishment primarily engaged in the preparation of food and beverages, for either take-out, delivery, or table service, served in disposable containers at a counter and a drive-up or drive through service facility or which offers curb service.
      
      Fast food restaurant means an establishment primarily engaged in the preparation of food and beverages, for either take-out, delivery, or table service, served in disposable containers at a counter. This use type does not employ a drive-up or drive-through service facility, and does not offer curb service.
      
      Standard restaurant means an establishment whose principal business is the sale of food and/or beverage to customers in a ready to consume state, and whose principal method of operation includes one or both of the following:
      1. Customers, normally provided with an individual menu, are served their food and beverage by restaurant employees at the same table or counter at which the food and/or beverage are consumed;
      2. A cafeteria-type operation where food and beverage generally are consumed within the restaurant building.
   5. Sales of merchandise.
      
      Garden center (retail agriculture) means establishments or places of business primarily engaged in retail or wholesale (bulk) sale, from the premises, of trees, shrubs, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, and plant materials primarily for agricultural, residential, and commercial consumers. Such establishments typically sell products purchased from others, but may sell some material which they grow themselves. Typical uses include nurseries, retail greenhouses, plant stores, and lawn and garden centers.
      
      Neighborhood convenience store means establishments primarily engaged in the provision of frequently or recurrently needed goods for household consumption, such as prepackaged food and beverages, and limited household supplies and hardware. Convenience stores shall not include fuel pumps or the selling of fuel for motor vehicles. Typical uses include neighborhood markets and country stores.
      
      Retail trade means establishments engaged in selling goods or merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of such goods. These establishments are characterized by the following:
      1. They buy and receive as well as sell merchandise;
      2. They may process some products, but such processing is incidental or subordinate to the selling activities; and
      3. They predominantly sell to customers for their own personal or household use.
      The term "retail trade" is divided into the following subcategories for the purposes of this chapter:
      1. General retail.
      2. Antiques and collectibles store.
      3. Art gallery.
      4. Bicycle sales and repair.
      5. Book store, music store.
      6. Clothing and accessories.
      7. Craft or needlework shop.
      8. Drugstore, pharmacy.
      9. Electronics and appliance sales and repair.
      10. Florists.
      11. Specialty food store, including bakery, butcher shop, delicatessen, and the like.
      12. Jewelry store.
      13. Hardware store.
      14. Newsstands, magazine sales.
      15. Pet store.
      16. Photographic equipment and supplies.
      17. Picture framing.
      18. Secondhand store, thrift or consignment store.
      19. Sporting goods store.
      20. Stationery store.
      21. Tobacco store.
      22. Video rental or sales.
      23. Building supplies sales.
      24. Furniture and appliance sales, rental, showrooms.
      25. Grocery, supermarket.
      26. Liquor store.
      27. Warehouse club sales.
      Shopping center means a group of commercial establishments planned, constructed, and managed as a total entity with shared access, customer and employee parking provided on-site, provision of goods delivery separated from customer access, aesthetic considerations and protection from the elements.
      
      Wholesaling means establishments engaged primarily in selling merchandise to retailers, or to industrial, commercial, institutional, or professional business customers, or to other wholesalers, or on a mail order basis to individuals or firms, or which serve as agents or brokers buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, individuals and companies.
   6. Automotive/vehicular uses.
      
      Automobile maintenance service means repair of automobiles, noncommercial trucks, motorcycles, motor homes, recreational vehicles, or boats, including the sale, installation, and servicing of equipment and parts. Typical uses include tire sales and installation, wheel and brake shops, oil and lubrication services and similar repair and service activities where minor repairs and routine maintenance are conducted.
      
      Automobile parts/supply means retail sales of automobile parts and accessories. Typical uses include automobile parts and supply stores which offer new and factory rebuilt parts and accessories, and include establishments, which offer minor automobile repair services as an accessory use.
      
      Car wash means washing and cleaning of vehicles. Typical uses include automatic conveyor machines and self-service car washes.
      
      Commercial vehicle repair means repair of construction equipment, commercial trucks, agricultural implements and similar heavy equipment, including automobiles, where major engine and transmission repairs are conducted. Typical uses include automobile and truck repair garages, transmission shops, radiator shops, body and fender shops, equipment service centers, machine shops, and other similar uses where major repair activities are conducted.
      
      Gasoline station means any place of business with fuel pumps and underground storage tanks that provide fuels and oil for motor vehicles. A neighborhood convenience store associated with automobile fuel sales shall be considered a gasoline station.
      
      Parking facility means any structure associated with a nonresidential use whose purpose is to provide the required off-street parking spaces for a principal use, or any site utilized for parking which constitutes the principal use on a parcel of land. This category also includes community lots, which are established to meet the parking needs in a residential area, and park and ride lots.
      
      Sales and storage lots means establishments engaged in the display for sale, lease, and/or rental of automobiles, trucks, machinery, recreational vehicles and manufactured homes, including auto dealerships or the farm commercial storage of privately-owned trailers, boats, campers, or similar vehicles.
   7. Outdoor recreation.
      
      Campgrounds and trailering means establishments engaged in providing overnight or short-term sites for the placement of recreational vehicles or temporary housing, with or without facilities such as water and electricity.
      
      Golf course means a tract of land for playing golf, improved with tees, greens, fairways, hazards, and which may include clubhouses and shelters. Included would be executive or par three golf courses. Specifically excluded are independent driving ranges or miniature golf facilities, which are classified as outdoor recreation facilities.
      
      Marina means a facility for storing, servicing, fueling, berthing, and securing and launching of private pleasure craft that may include the sale of fuel and incidental supplies for the boat owners, crews, and guests.
      
      Outdoor entertainment means an outdoor facility developed for entertainment, amusement, or tourist purposes which typically involve large areas of land and concentrated traffic peaks oriented towards events at the facility, including drive-in theaters, amphitheaters, outdoor concert halls, or theme parks.
      
      Outdoor recreation facility means a commercial recreation facility that is primarily an open-air facility, such as baseball fields, swimming pools, skating rinks, golf driving ranges, or miniature golf facilities.
      
      Parks and open areas means uses of land focusing on natural areas, large areas consisting mostly of vegetative landscaping or outdoor recreation, community gardens, or public squares. Lands tend to have few structures. Accessory uses include, but are not limited to, clubhouses, maintenance facilities, concessions, caretaker's quarters, gazebos, pavilions, band shells, and parking. Examples include parks, public squares, plazas, recreational trails, botanical gardens, boat launching areas, nature preserves, and land used for grazing that is not part of a farm or ranch.
      
      Restricted recreation means commercial recreation facilities that are of greater nuisance than conventional outdoor athletic facilities because of:
      1. The noise and traffic volumes they may generate;
      2. The glare they produce; or
      3. The potential danger they may create from flying objects or the use of weapons. This category includes such uses as amusement parks, racetracks (auto, go-cart, motorcycle) or ranges (skeet, rifle, or archery).
   8. Indoor recreation/entertainment.
      
      Adult establishment. See LEC 11.16.020.
      
      Indoor athletic facility means a commercial recreation facility that provides completely enclosed or indoor recreation space, such as racquet clubs, indoor skating rinks, swimming pools, or gymnasiums.
      
      Indoor recreation means establishments primarily engaged in activities intended to provide personal amusement, with the largest number of patrons typically during the evening hours or on weekends, and where food and refreshments may be provided as an incidental service, including such uses as bowling alleys, billiard, pool, or bingo parlors, amusement arcades, and indoor theaters (live or motion picture).
   9. Agricultural and related uses.
      
      Agricultural entertainment business means an agricultural sales business that combines the elements and characteristics of agriculture and tourism, which is not necessarily located in an existing building. Examples of agricultural entertainment include: corn mazes, hay rides, sleigh rides, petting farms, on-farm tours, agricultural related museums, demonstrations of farming practices, techniques and methods, fee-based fishing and hunting, horseback riding, nature trails, haunted barns and similar activities which are related to agriculture.
      
      Agricultural production means establishments engaged in the production of crops, plants or vines, including agro forestry, or establishments which are engaged in the keeping, grazing, or feeding of livestock for sale, value increase, or livestock increase.
      
      Agricultural sales business means the retail sale of fresh fruits, vegetables, flowers, herbs, trees, or other agricultural, floricultural, or horticultural products. The operation may be indoors or outdoors, include pick-your-own or cut-your-own opportunities, and may involve the ancillary sale of items considered accessory to the agricultural products being sold or accessory sales of unprocessed foodstuffs; home processed food products such as jams, jellies, pickles, sauces; or baked goods and homemade handicrafts. The floor area devoted to the sale of accessory items shall not exceed 25 percent of the total floor area. No commercially packaged handicrafts or commercially processed or packaged foodstuffs shall be sold as accessory items. No activities other than the sale of goods as outlined above shall be allowed as part of the agricultural sales business.
      
      Agricultural services means establishments that perform services which support or assist the agricultural community, such as soil preparation services, crop services, farm management services, or breeding services on a fee or contract basis, along with experimental farms for research or educational purposes. This category is intended to apply where agricultural land is located, and may include buildings and other structures that provide office, warehouse, and storage areas for these establishments.
      
      Agricultural support means establishments engaged in farm equipment sales and repair, farm produce sales and supply (feed grain, elevators) and small-scale farm product processing, such as cider mills, dairies, poultry or meat processing.
      
      Forestry operations means the use of land for the raising and harvesting of timber, pulpwood or other forestry products for commercial purposes, including the temporary operation of a sawmill and/or chipper or grinder to process the timber cut from that parcel or contiguous parcels. Excluded from this definition shall be the cutting of timber associated with land development approved by the city which shall be considered accessory to the development of the property.
      
      Greenhouse, non-retail, means a building or structure constructed chiefly of glass, glasslike or translucent material, cloth, or lath, which is devoted to the protection or cultivation of flowers or other tender plants.
      
      Wayside stand means a temporary structure or vehicle used for the seasonal retail sale of agricultural goods, floriculture, and horticulture produced by the operator of the wayside stand, which is clearly a secondary use of the premises and does not change the character thereof.
   10. Alternative energy.
       
       Solar energy system means a device or structural design feature, a primary purpose of which is to provide for the collection, storage, and distribution of solar energy for space heating, cooling, water heating, or for power generation.
       
       Solar farm means a commercial facility that converts sunlight into electricity, whether by photovoltaic (PV), concentrating solar thermal devices (CST), or other conversion technology, for the principal purpose of sales of generated electricity to off-site customers.
       
       Wind generator means a machine which generates energy/power from the wind.
   11. Industrial and extractive uses.
       
       Closed landfill management means the use associated with the responsibility and obligation of the state pollution control agency (MPCA) to take necessary response actions on the property as provided in M.S.A. § 115B.412, subd. 4, and M.S.A. §§ 115B.39 to 115B.43.
       
       Heavy industrial means establishments involved in the manufacture, fabrication, processing, compounding, or assembling of materials from raw material or previously processed material. These uses have severe potential for adversely affecting surrounding land uses due to potential environmental impacts related to noise, smoke/particulate emissions, vibration, noxious gases, odor, glare/heat, fire/explosion hazards and waste disposal. In addition, these uses may generate large amounts of truck or auto traffic, may involve the use of large unenclosed production areas, or may require large, tall structures that are unsightly. Heavy industrial uses typically involve primary production processes in the area of paper products (pulp mills), food processing (slaughterhouse, meat packing plant), chemicals (manufacture of inorganic chemicals, resins, plastics, paints, fertilizers, explosives, ink), petroleum products (refineries, bulk storage), primary metals (blasting, smelting, rolling), machinery and equipment manufacturer (auto assembly, engines, construction equipment), leather (storing, curing, tanning), gravel based products (manufacture of bricks, concrete, abrasives), and lumber products (saw mills).
       
       Landfill means a disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing solid wastes in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading, compacting to the smallest volume, and applying cover material over all exposed waste at the end of each operating day.
       
       Laundry plant means establishments primarily engaged in the provision of laundering, cleaning, or dyeing services other than those classified as personal services. Typical uses include bulk laundry and cleaning plants, diaper services, and linen supply services.
       
       Light industrial means establishments involved in the processing, fabrication, assembly, or compounding of products where the process involved is relatively clean and nuisance free, usually completely enclosed, and with limited environmental effects. These uses can be made compatible with surrounding areas through landscape screening and through separation required by yard and height limitations. Typically, these uses result in the creation of finished products for sale on a wholesale basis to retailers or directly on a retail basis, and include uses in the following areas: lumber products (millwork, cabinet-making), electronics, textiles, printing and publishing services, bottling works, carpet and rug cleaning, furniture manufacture, paper (final processing of stationery, bags, etc., from purchased bulk stock), light metal finishing and light machining, rubber and plastics (compounding processed resins, molding plastics), gravel based products (pottery, cutting, finishing granite, firing and decorating clay products), and ice manufacturing.
       
       Motor freight and warehousing means establishments engaged primarily in either the storage or shipment of goods and materials, including terminal facilities for handling freight, and maintenance facilities in which the trucks (including tractor trailer units) involved with the operation of the business are stored, parked and serviced. Materials within a warehouse or terminal facility may be combined, broken down, or aggregated for trans-shipment or storage purposes where the original material is not chemically or physically changed.
       
       Non-production industrial means establishments that normally are considered industrial in character even though they are not involved in the manufacturing or processing of products. These uses generate negative impacts largely through their need for outside storage of equipment and materials, the large expanse of land needed for this storage, and the creation of dirt, dust and noise, along with intermittent truck traffic. These uses generally can be made compatible through landscape screening and the imposition of limited performance standards, and thus are not objectionable in most industrial or commercial districts. The types of uses categorized here include contractor's yards, lumberyards, utility yards, and public maintenance shops and yards.
       
       Research and testing means establishments or other facilities for carrying on investigation in the natural or physical sciences, or engineering and development as an extension of investigation with the objective of creating end products, on a contract or fee basis, and including pilot plant operation.
       
       Resource extraction means a use involving on-site extraction of surface or subsurface mineral products or natural resources. Typical uses are quarries, borrow pits, sand and gravel operations, mining, and soil mining. Specially excluded from this use type shall be grading and removal of dirt associated with an approved site plan or subdivision.
       
       Salvage/recyclable center means land or buildings where waste, discarded, salvaged, or recyclable materials are bought, sold, stored, exchanged, sorted, cleaned, packed, disassembled or handled on a commercial basis, including, but not limited to, scrap metal, aluminum, rags, paper, rubber products, glass products, lumber products and products resulting from the wrecking of automobiles or other vehicles. Any site containing two or more unregistered, inoperable motor vehicles is classified as a salvage center.
   12. Utilities, transportation and communications.
       
       Air transportation means establishments engaged in domestic, emergency, or foreign transportation of passengers or goods by air, including airports, flying fields, rotorcraft terminals, as well as any associated terminal facilities.
       
       Broadcasting or communication means any unstaffed facility for the transmission and/or reception of radio, television, radar, cellular telephone, personal paging device, specialized mobile radio (SMR), and similar services. A broadcasting or communication facility usually consists of an equipment shelter or cabinet, a support tower or other structure used to achieve the necessary elevation, and the transmission or reception devices or antenna. Broadcasting or communication facilities include wireless communications facilities and wireless communications towers as defined in LEC 1.08.
       
       Essential services means overhead, above ground or underground electrical, gas, steam or water transmission or distribution systems and structures of collection, communication, supply or disposal systems and structures used by public utilities or governmental departments or commissions or as are required for the protection of the public health, safety or general welfare, including towers, poles, wires, mains, drains, sewer pipes, conduits, cables, fire alarm boxes, police call boxes and accessories in connection therewith but not including buildings.
       
       Local transit means establishments primarily engaged in furnishing local and suburban passenger transportation, including taxicabs, passenger charter services, school buses, and terminals (including service facilities) for motor vehicle passenger transportation.
       
       Railroad transportation means establishments engaged in domestic freight and passenger transportation by rail, and including railroad yards, freight stations and switching yards.
   13. Accessory uses.
       
       Bed and breakfast means a private, owner-occupied residence that contains no more than five guestrooms where lodging, with or without meals, is provided for compensation. Guest stays shall be limited to 30 days.
       
       Commercial wedding ceremony venue means a use involving a location to conduct wedding ceremonies, not including receptions, and usually operated in exchange for remuneration by providing the venue to the public.
       
       Domestic pets means the keeping of small domestic animals, such as dogs, cats, birds, rodents, fish, and the like, not primarily for produce or value increase, but rather for show, sport, or as pets.
       
       Family day care means a residence licensed by the state department of human services in which no more than ten children at any one time receive care, maintenance and supervision by someone other than their relatives or legal guardians for less than 24 hours per day.
       
       Group family day care means a residence licensed by the state department of human services in which at least 11, but not more than 14, children receive care, maintenance and supervision by someone other than their relatives or legal guardians for less than 24 hours per day.
       
       Home occupations means any gainful occupation or profession engaged in by the occupants and up to one non-occupant employee of a dwelling when carried on within a dwelling unit or in an accessory building, provided that no signs other than those allowed by the city's sign regulations regarding home occupations are present.
       
       Kennel, private, means the keeping, breeding, raising, showing or training of four or more dogs over six months of age for personal enjoyment of the owner or occupants of the property, and for which commercial gain is not the primary objective.
       
       Merchandise parties means private parties held for the purpose of soliciting sales. Merchandise parties shall include but not be limited to Tupperware, Mary Kay, and Avon parties.
       
       Stable, private, means the keeping, breeding, or raising of horse or ponies exclusively for the personal use and enjoyment of the owner or occupant of the property or the riding of horses or ponies by the owner or occupant of the property and their guests.
       
       Swimming pools means any permanently located pool, used for swimming and/or bathing which is over 24 inches in depth, or which has a surface area exceeding 150 square feet.
       
       Temporary sales means any isolated or occasional display and sale of used personal property or home-crafted items conducted on residential premises by the occupant of the residential property. Temporary sales shall include rummage sales, basement sales, yard sales, porch sales, craft sales, garage sales, and seasonal boutiques.