1. Adequate public facilities are installed at the time of development, so that occupants have adequate services to protect their health and safety;
2. The facilities will function efficiently and require minimal maintenance; and
3. Developments are functional and internally safe to the greatest degree possible without:
   1. Reducing the permitted density; or
   2. Increasing adverse impacts on the environment or adjoining properties.

1. Address the new development's circulation needs;
2. Provide a pattern of streets that facilitates navigation within the City; and
3. Where higher-order functional classifications are involved, facilitate City-wide traffic movements.

1. To enhance connectivity within superblocks, to provide a choice of travel routes, to reduce traffic conflicts and vehicle miles traveled, and to promote coordination among property owners with respect to the ultimate development and alignment of collector and minor streets, the City shall review, and as appropriate, amend its Official Intermodal Transportation Plan when development occurs in an area for which plans for local circulation have not yet been developed. The area that is subject to the amendment shall be a superblock, or bounded by waterways, irrigation canals or other similar boundaries.
2. The superblock that contains the parcel proposed for development shall be evaluated to identify desired collectors or streets within the superblock, areas for marginal access or reverse frontage streets, and preferred intersection locations. The Official Intermodal Transportation shall be amended, if prudent, based on the adopted Official Intermodal Transportation Plan and policies of the Comprehensive Plan, property maps, zoning, and topographic and alignment information.
3. The following criteria shall be used in amending the Official Intermodal Transportation Plan:
   1. Collector streets shall serve only the superblock and not provide alternative or cut-through routes for regional or City-wide traffic. Where superblocks are too large, new collector alignments may be designated. Where new collectors are designated, they should be extensions of existing collectors or be designed to be extended through several superblocks.
   2. Where possible, collectors shall be located:
      1. On the superblock's largest parcels; or
      2. Along parcels where the cost can be distributed among several landowners.
   3. Parallel access shall be used where providing individual access to small parcels would create adverse safety conditions due to frequent access to arterial or collector roadways.
   4. The plan shall be sensitive to natural resources and topography.
   5. The plan shall include quarter-section streets where practicable.

1. Within the City limits, street design and layout shall be consistent with the Official Intermodal Transportation Plan.
2. That part of the map which shows existing and proposed thoroughfares and intermodal facilities in areas outside the jurisdiction of the Plan Commission is intended as advisory only, until such time as any part of this area comes within the jurisdiction of the Plan Commission, at which time all paths, trail, routes, sidewalks, intermodal facilities, street locations, notations, and references applying to said area shall become a part of this UDO.

1. Arterials are streets designated to carry large volumes of traffic. Certain arterial streets may be designated as Limited Access Highways, to which entrances and exits are provided only at controlled intersections, and access is denied to abutting properties.
2. Collectors are streets that are planned to facilitate the collection of traffic from local streets, to provide circulation within neighborhood areas, and to provide convenient ways for traffic to reach arterial streets.
3. Local Collector Streets are local streets that are located wholly within a subdivision, which, although not shown as a collector on the Official Intermodal Transportation Plan, are built to collector specifications and standards at the request of the Plan Commission.
4. Local Streets are streets that are designed primarily to provide access to abutting properties.

1. Subdivisions with 30 or more lots, or multifamily developments with 50 or more dwelling units, shall have at least two access points to/from existing roadways. Those access points shall be located as far apart as practical and consistent with Division 9.400, Access Management and Circulation.
2. The street layout of a subdivision shall provide access to all building sites and parcels.
3. Street alignment within the subdivision shall utilize curves, islands, intersections, and/or other methods that allow adequate access but discourage speeding.

1. Certain appropriate streets shall be extended to the boundaries of the subdivision to provide for future connections to other properties, consistent with the Official Intermodal Transportation Plan.
2. Wherever streets have been dedicated or platted on the adjacent properties for extension into or through the proposed subdivision then those streets shall be incorporated into the street layout of the proposed subdivision.
3. Wherever there exists a portion of a dedicated or platted street or alley adjacent to the proposed subdivision the remainder of the street or alley shall be platted to the prescribed width in the proposed subdivision.

1. For all development, width of street and/or alley pavements shall conform to the widths specified in the Standards Manual, and widths of rights-of-way shall conform to the widths specified in the Standards Manual; Section 8.203, Functional Classification; and/or the Official Intermodal Transportation Plan.
2. Streets shall be designed within rights-of-way with widths as set out in Table 8.204, Right-of-Way Width. Details regarding of lanes, sidewalks, medians, parkways, and other street elements are provided in the Standards Manual.
3. For all development, where additional right-of-way is needed to comply with the requirements or width as outlined in Section 8.203 Functional Classification, or required obtain vertical curve, grade, clear sight triangles, turn lanes, or medians, the required right-of-way shall be dedicated to the City or adjusted to the extent necessary in accordance with local needs as determined by the City Engineer.

1. Where a curb is designated, an enclosed stormwater conveyance system shall be included, or curb breaks or turnouts shall lead to open systems, which shall be designed pursuant to subsection C.2., below.
2. On roads without curbs, bioswales, natural stream channels or ditch drainage shall be used, unless they are unacceptable to the City Engineer due to capacity, environmental sensitivity, topography or other feature of the land.

1. The private street runs through, to, or between parking areas in commercial, industrial, or multifamily (more than 4 units per building) developments where all property accessed by the street is under single ownership.
2. The private street runs through, to, or between parking areas in commercial or industrial developments where the property is under multiple ownerships and the parcels being served are subject to a common maintenance agreement, property owner association, or similar legal arrangement.
3. A unique or highly unusual situation exists where economic considerations or the character of the land or the surrounding development are such that a public street cannot reasonably be provided. The inability of an applicant to meet the requirements of this UDO shall not be a basis for consideration for this exception.
4. The private street meets or exceeds City Standards but, because of unique operation or maintenance issues, the Board of Public Works and Safety determines that private maintenance and operation of the street is in the best interest of the City.

1. Private streets shall be designed and constructed in the same manner as public streets. This includes any site fees, inspections and demonstration of compliance with the Standards Manual.
2. Cross-access easements shall be provided, in order to ensure the continued access to all properties. 
3. Adequate provisions shall be put in place for the enforcement of traffic and/or parking violations, removal of unlicensed or abandoned vehicles, maintenance, snow-plowing, street sweeping, and trash collection. Said provisions shall be:
   1. Acceptable to the City;
   2. In full force and effect prior to the issuance of any Certificate of Occupancy for any unit in the development; and
   3. Shall run with the land.
4. Where private streets provide access to properties under different ownerships, the City may require that the private streets be held under a single ownership, such as a Property Owners' Association, rather than under multiple ownerships. In such cases, Association documents that are acceptable to the City Attorney shall provide for assessments to pay for the cost of maintenance, and the plat shall be annotated with a notice that the street is private and subject to a covenant for maintenance.
5. Street name signs shall indicate that the street is private.
6. The private streets will not interfere with the implementation of the Official Intermodal Transportation Plan.

1. Exceptions to this subsection B., above, may be granted by the Board of Public Works and Safety or the Site Review Committee, as follows:
   1. Exceptions to the requirements of subsection B.1. or B.2., above, are approved by the Site Review Committee.
   2. Exceptions to the requirements of subsection B.3. or B.4., above, are approved by the Board of Public Works and Safety.
2. No exceptions shall be granted until the Board of Public Works and Safety or Site Review Committee, as applicable, is satisfied that compliance with the requirements of subsection C., above, is adequate to protect the health, safety and welfare of the residents or tenants of the development, and the interests of the City of Valparaiso and its residents.
3. The Board of Public Works and Safety shall hear and decide all requests for relief from the provisions of this Section. The decision shall be based upon substantial compliance with the requirements of this Section and sound engineering principles. The Board's decisions may be appealed to the City of Valparaiso Board of Zoning Appeals.

1. Natural resources, such as floodplains, wetlands, or open water, make standard blocks inefficient; and
2. The cul-de-sac streets serve no more than 20 lots, or are no more than 600 feet in length, whichever results in a shorter street segment; and
3. The pedestrian circulation system provides for direct, non-vehicular access between cul-de-sac ends where:
   1. Two lots or fewer are situated between them; and
   2. The distance between them, measured along street centerlines, is more than 650 feet. See Figure 8.207, Cul-de-sac Connections.

1. Minimum Right-of-Way width: 20 feet
2. Minimum Cartway width: 18 feet

1. Alleys should intersect streets at right angles. The intersection of a street and an alley should be constructed as a standard approach.
2. A minimum curb radius of 30 feet to the inside edge of the alley paving shall be provided at intersections between alleys, and the additional area shall be platted as part of the alley.

1. Minimum width of pavement at intersection: 20 feet
2. Turnouts shall be paved to the property line.
3. No gate, building, or garage opening shall be located closer than 20 feet to an alley turnout, measured from the closest edges of pavement along the alley and along the intersecting street right-of-way.

1. An intersection shall have three or four street approaches with centerlines that intersect at a common point.
2. Streets shall intersect at as near a right angle as possible.
3. No street intersection shall have an angle less than 75 degrees.

1. Local Streets, Local Collector Streets, and Collector Streets: 150 feet.
2. Arterials: One quarter mile.

1. Medians that are part of a dedicated public right-of-way may not be utilized for any purpose other than by the City or a public utility. However, a subdivider or other entity may beautify a median with landscaping with the approval of the City Engineer or Planning Director, provided that:
   1. It does not interfere with existing or proposed public utilities;
   2. It conforms to the sight distance requirements of Section 8.215, Sight Distance Requirements; and
   3. The applicant has submitted documentation with regard to the entity that will have permanent responsibility for maintenance of and liability for such improvements.
2. The City Engineer or Planning Director may refer the application to the Board of Public Works.

1. Be connected to existing public streets at locations that will not:
   1. Create sight distance problems on the existing streets (see Section 8.215, Sight Distance Requirements); or
   2. Interfere with the safe operation of existing intersections.
2. When connected to Collector or Arterial streets, have the connecting intersections designed so as to minimize interruption of the flow of traffic on those Collector or Arterial streets. At a minimum:
   1. The dimensions of the street at the point of connection shall be a minimum of 80 feet in width by 140 feet in depth.
   2. Passing blisters and deceleration tapers shall be provided on the Collector or Arterial streets.
   3. A minimum of two exit lanes shall be installed on the connecting subdivision street to minimize the delay of vehicles entering the Collector or Arterial street.
3. Gatehouses or architectural features that highlight the entrance are permitted in the median of a subdivision entranceway that meets the specifications of this Section.

1. Serve 92 or more residential units (or are otherwise demonstrated to carry volumes of traffic in excess of 100 vehicles per hour during peak hours), and have a straight or relatively straight alignment for a distance of 500 feet or more; or
2. Are configured or connected is such a way that they are likely to be attractive as a short cut to avoid congested intersections or difficult turn movements.

1. Islands at intersections.
2. Pavement changes.
3. Elevated pedestrian crossings.
4. Intersection throttling curbs.
5. Islands in straight sections.
6. Altering of the curve radii to preserve large trees.
7. Interruptions in parking lanes.
8. Chicanes.
9. Diverters.

Exception. The City Engineer is authorized to approve street sections without curb and gutter for:

1. Frontage streets; and
2. Applications in which natural resources will be better protected by an alternative drainage system.

1. Sidewalks shall be provided in the area between the right-of-way line and the edge of pavement, as shown in the Standards Manual.
2. The outer boundaries of sidewalks shall be located in the platted street right-of-way, generally six inches from the property line. This six inch width is included in the required parkway width specified in Table 8.204, Right-of-Way and Pavement Width. Sidewalks may meander into the parkway to protect the root systems of mature trees, provided that no sidewalk is located closer than four feet to the back of curb (or edge of pavement if no curb is present). This arrangement shall not reduce the right-of-way width requirement.
3. Walks shall also be installed in pedestrian easements.

1. The parcel proposed for development is located in an Estate Residential (ER) zoning district;
2. Better pedestrian and bicycle access and connectivity is provided through the use of off-street trails or multi-use pathways that connect to sidewalks or other off-street trails or multi-use pathways on the perimeter of the parcel proposed for development; and
3. Lot frontages are greater than 150 feet adjacent to residentially zoned or residentially used properties.

1. Minimum Width (excluding curbs and gutters):
   1. Street with no on-street parking: four feet; or
   2. Street with on-street parking: five feet (located between travel lane and parking).
2. All bicycle lanes shall be designed, posted, marked, and striped according to the requirements of the Standards Manual.

1. All pathways shall be at least eight feet wide, and designed posted, and marked according to the requirements of the Standards Manual.
2. Where a pathway crosses an intersection, the pathway shall be marked as a bicycle crossing. Right turns at intersections shall be on the shoulder of the intersecting street if the pathway or bicycle lane does not continue along the intersecting street.

1. Off-street bicycling and jogging trails shall be developed in accordance with any adopted parks and recreation plans, to link major attractions and destinations throughout the community, including neighborhoods, parks, schools, churches, libraries, Valparaiso University, major employment centers, and shopping areas.
2. Development that abuts a linear corridor that is identified in an adopted parks and recreation plan shall provide an easement for the construction of a trail in accordance with the master plan.
3. All trails, private or public, shall be marked as such, and maintenance responsibilities shall be established at the time of a primary plat.

1. An amount of right-of-way sufficient for the provision of the required bicycle routes, lanes, multi-use pathways, and trails or sidewalks as listed in Section 8.213 or 8.214 above shall be dedicated to the city prior to the occupancy or use of any property or development subject to the rules of this ordinance.
2. In special circumstances, the owner or developer of the property may request approval of a payment-in-lieu of installation or required facilities listed above equivalent to the cost of construction of such facility by the city. The request shall be made to and granted by the Board of Works and Park Board, and payment made in the form designated by the city.
3. In special circumstances, with permission granted by the Board of Works, an access and maintenance easement may be granted to the city in lieu of dedication of the necessary right of way for the provision of required facilities listed above. Such easement shall be recorded on the Office of the Recorder of Porter County, Indiana. The Board of Works shall forward such requests to the Park Board for recommendation and consider such recommendation prior to action being taken on any such request.

1. Their names are easy to understand;
2. Duplication or conflict with other names is avoided; except as provided in Section 6.303, Streets, subsection D.

1. The County Auditor or board of registration;
2. The administrator of the enhanced emergency telephone system established under IC 36-8-16, if any;
3. The E-911 service;
4. The United States Postal Service; and
5. Any person or body that the commission considers appropriate to receive notice.

1. The parcel proposed for development is located in a Neighborhood Conservation (NC) district in which overhead utilities that serve the parcel already exist; and
2. The parcel proposed for development is composed of fewer than three lots that are not proposed for further subdivision, and overhead utilities that serve the parcel already exist.

1. Applicants shall install all sewer lines to City specifications and connect to the City sewer system.
2. All utility lines that pass under a street or alley shall be installed before the street or alley is paved. When it is necessary that utility lines pass under the street or alley pavement, they shall be extended to the projected right-of-way line.

1. All development must be served by adequate water supply and pressure to provide fire protection according to standards promulgated by the Department of Water Works in consultation with the Fire Department.
2. Spacing between hydrants shall be established by the Department of Water Works in consultation with the Fire Department.

1. Pedestrian and vehicular circulation shall comply with the Downtown Valparaiso Streetscape Design Plan (“Streetscape Plan”) and the City’s adopted street standards and standards for improvements.
2. Sidewalk design and installation shall comply with the adopted Streetscape Plan.
3. Provide obvious pedestrian access onto the site from adjacent streets.
4. In multiple-building developments, provide pedestrian paths or walkways connecting all businesses and the entries of multiple buildings to one another and those of adjacent developments and rights of way.
5. In parking areas, pedestrian walkways connecting the parking area with primary building entrances, pedestrian-oriented spaces, adjacent streets and adjacent properties should be provided at least every 150 feet. Pedestrian walkways should be delineated by separate paved routes using a variation in paved texture and/or color, and protected from adjacent vehicle circulation areas with landscaping. Approved methods of delineation include, stone, brick or granite pavers; exposed aggregate; or stamped and colored concrete. Paint striping on asphalt as a method or delineation is discouraged.
6. Creatively designed, clean and functional pedestrian alleys and walkways should provide for pedestrian linkages through mid-blocks and between properties. Low cut-off lighting shall be provided for pedestrian safety. Amenities such as seating and planters should be provided to encourage pedestrian circulation.
7. Pedestrian access shall conform to applicable Federal, State and local codes relating to access for the disabled.
8. Where feasible, provide steps and ramps across retaining walls and slopes to facilitate pedestrian access.
9. If appropriate, based on site design and the land uses involved, fences should allow for pedestrian access by gates or openings to adjacent properties and streets.
10. Landscaping shall not block visibility to and from pedestrian circulation routes, especially where it approaches a street or driveway. A minimum area of between 3 and 8 feet clear as measured from grade is strongly encouraged to allow for proper visibility.
11. Where feasible, paved horizontal surfaces for walks or parking at or near the finish grade of a building should be separated horizontally from any wall of a structure by a minimum four feet for landscaping. Paved surfaces may abut the structure at entrances and service areas. Sidewalks may abut the adjacent structure.
12. Drive-through facilities such as but not limited to banks, cleaners, fast food, drug stores, espresso stands, etc. shall comply with the following:
    1. Drive-through windows and stacking lanes shall not be located along facades of buildings that face a stree
    2. Drive-through speakers shall not be audible off-site.
    3. The entrance and exit from the drive-through shall be internal to the site, not a separate entrance and/or exit to or from the street.. The director may allow access directly from a street in special circumstances, i.e. no alley exists.