This chapter is intended to supplement specific zoning district descriptions and use definitions in an effort to characterize the nature of the basic four "use" classifications of residential, public-quasi-public, commercial and industrial. It should be noted that there is limited ability to mix different uses within a specific district (i.e., public/quasi public uses within a residential district, residential uses within a commercial district and commercial uses within an industrial district) but the use that is permitted or conditionally permitted must be operated and maintained in such a manner as to protect the viability and character of the primary district purpose.

Use classifications describe one or more uses having similar characteristics, but do not list every use or activity that may appropriately be within the classification. The planning director shall determine whether a specific use shall be deemed to be within one or more use classifications or not within any classification in this title. The planning director may determine that a specific use shall not be deemed to be within a classification, whether or not named within the classification, if its characteristics are substantially incompatible with those typical of uses named within the classification.

Single-Family Residential Unit and One Accessory Residential Unit. A building containing one dwelling unit located on a single lot. This classification includes mobile home and factory-built housing.

Multifamily Apartments Residential. Two or more dwelling units on a site. This classification includes mobile home and factory-built housing.

Day Care, Limited. Non-medical care and supervision of eight or fewer persons on a less than twenty-four-hour basis. This classification includes nursery schools, preschools, and day care centers for children and adults.

Group Residential. Shared living quarters without separate kitchen or bathroom facilities for each room or unit. This classification includes boardinghouses, dormitories, fraternities, sororities, and private residential clubs.

Private Garage. A building used in conjunction with a residential activity for the exclusive purpose of storing a residential vehicle and some additional household materials, furniture, or household items. Limited maintenance of the "family vehicle" is typically permitted but use of electric or powered tools that can generate noise or other disturbances to adversely impact a residential neighborhood are prohibited.

Garage, Patio or Yard Sales. Limited to the infrequent sale of used household items sold by the owner of a residence and limited with respect to frequency, area and time of operation.

The Keeping of Domestic Animals and Pets. This includes a limited number of household pets and domestic animals that are maintained within a "home" and/or a fenced yard and do not create a public nuisance by virtue of odor or noise (see definition).

Home Occupations. The city of Waterford recognizes that home-based businesses, primarily of an information processing nature, is a central part of the economy of the future as a result of advances in telecommunication/Internet technology. Waterford encourages a business occupation that is conducted entirely within the home of the business person and does not distract from the residential neighborhood within which it is located (see definition).

Residential Care, Limited. Twenty-four-hour non-medical care for six or fewer persons in need of personal services, supervision, protection, or assistance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living. This classification includes only those services and facilities licensed by the state of California.

Cemetery. A place for burying the dead.

Clubs and Lodges. Meeting, recreational or social facilities of a private or nonprofit organization primarily for use by members or guests. This classification includes union halls, social clubs, and youth centers.

Convalescent Facilities. Establishments providing care on a twenty-four-hour basis for persons requiring regular medical attention, but excluding facilities providing surgical or emergency medical services.

Cultural Institutions. Nonprofit institutions displaying or preserving objects of interest in one or more of the arts or sciences. This classification includes libraries, museums, and art galleries.

Day Care, General. Provision of non-medical care for nine or more persons on a less than twenty-four-hour basis. This classification includes nursery schools, preschools, and day care centers for children or adults.

Detention Facilities. Publicly owned and operated facilities providing housing, care, and supervision for persons confined by law.

Government Offices. Administrative, clerical, or public contact offices of a government agency, including postal facilities, together with incidental storage and maintenance of vehicles.

Heliports. Pads and facilities enabling takeoffs and landings by helicopters.

Hospitals. Facilities providing medical, surgical, psychiatric, or emergency medical services to sick or injured persons, primarily on an inpatient basis. This classification includes incidental facilities for outpatient treatment, as well as training, research, and administrative services for patients and employees.

Maintenance and Service Facilities. Facilities providing maintenance and repair services for vehicles and equipment, and materials storage areas. This classification includes corporation yards, equipment service centers, and similar facilities.

Parks and Recreation Facilities. Noncommercial parks, playgrounds, recreation facilities, and open spaces.

Public Safety Facilities. Facilities for public safety and emergency services, including police and fire protection.

Religious Assembly. Facilities for religious worship and incidental religious education, but not including private schools as defined in this section.

Residential Care, General. Twenty-four-hour non-medical care for seven or more persons, including wards of the juvenile court, in need of personal services, supervision, protection, or assistance essential for sustaining the activities of daily living. This classification includes only those services and facilities licensed by the state of California.

Schools, Public and Private. Educational institutions having a curriculum comparable to that required in the public schools of the state of California.

Utilities, Major. Generating plants greater than five megawatts in size, electrical substations, above-ground electrical transmission lines, refuse collection or disposal facilities, water reservoirs, water or wastewater treatment plants, and similar facilities of public agencies, public utilities or private utilities. A structure that may have a significant effect on surrounding uses shall be regulated under this classification.

Waste Facility. A facility that provides for on-site waste stabilization or neutralization. This classification excludes hazardous waste disposal facilities.

Utilities, Minor. Utility facilities that are necessary to support legally established uses and involve only minor structures such as electrical distribution lines and underground water and sewer lines.

Live/Work Quarters. An area comprised of one or more rooms or floors in a building originally designed for industrial or commercial occupancy that includes cooking space and sanitary facilities and working space for artists, artisans and similarly situated individuals.

Ambulance Services. Provision of emergency medical care or transportation, including incidental storage and maintenance of vehicles.

Animal Sales and Services.

Artists' Studios. Work space for artists and artisans, including individuals practicing one of the fine arts or performing arts, or skilled in an applied art or craft.

Banks and Savings and Loans. Financial institutions that provide retail banking services to individuals and businesses. This classification includes only those institutions engaged in the on-site circulation of cash money.

With Drive-up Service. Institutions providing services accessible to persons who remain in automobiles.

Building Materials and Services. Retailing, wholesaling, or rental of building supplies or equipment. This classification includes lumber yards, tool and equipment sales or rental establishments, and building contractors' yards, but excludes retail sales of paint and hardware, except as an accessory use to a lumber yard, and activities classified under "vehicle/equipment sales and services."

Cannabis Delivery Business. Any cannabis business that, pursuant to a Type 10 state cannabis license, or its successors, delivers, makes available, or distributes cannabis and cannabis products to a consumer.

Cannabis Dispensary. Any cannabis business where medicinal or adult-use cannabis or cannabis products are sold at retail, pursuant to a Type 10 state cannabis license, or its successors. A cannabis dispensary includes a cannabis business that provides cannabis deliveries.

Cannabis Testing Laboratory. A cannabis business that tests cannabis or cannabis products pursuant to a Type 8 state cannabis license, or its successors.

Catering Services. Preparation and delivery of food and beverages for off-site consumption without provision for on-site pickup or consumption. (See also "eating and drinking establishments.")

Commercial Filming. Commercial motion picture or video photography at the same location more than six days per quarter of a calendar year.

Commercial Recreation and Entertainment. Provision of participant or spectator recreation or entertainment. This classification includes theaters, sports stadiums and arenas, amusement parks, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, ice/roller skating rinks, golf courses, miniature golf courses, scale-model courses, shooting galleries, tennis/racquetball courts, health/fitness clubs, pinball arcades or electronic games centers having three or more coin-operated game machines, card rooms, subject to the regulation of Chapter 5.20, and facilities used exclusively for bingo games, as regulated by Chapter 5.24.

Communications Facilities. Broadcasting, recording, and other communication services accomplished through electronic or telephonic mechanisms, but excluding "Utilities (major)." This classification includes radio, television, or recording studios; telephone switching centers; and telegraph offices.

Conference and Meeting Facilities. Facilities providing indoor and/or outdoor event space for conferences, meetings, weddings, banquets, luncheons or similar events on a commercial basis.

Eating and Drinking Establishments. Businesses serving prepared food or beverages for consumption on or off the premises.

Food and Beverage Sales. Retail sales of food and beverages for off-site preparation and consumption. Typical uses include groceries, liquor stores, or delicatessens. Establishments at which twenty percent or more of the transactions are sales of prepared food for on-site or take-out consumption shall be classified as "catering services" or "eating and drinking establishments."

Funeral and Interment Services. Establishments primarily engaged in the provision of services involving the care, preparation or disposition of human dead other than in cemeteries. Typical uses include crematories, columbariums, mausoleums or mortuaries.

Laboratories. Establishments providing medical or dental laboratory services or establishments with less than two thousand square feet providing photographic, analytical, or testing services. Other laboratories are classified as "limited industry."

Maintenance and Repair Services. Establishments providing appliance repair, office machine repair, bicycle repair or building maintenance services. This classification excludes maintenance and repair of vehicles (see "vehicle/equipment repair") or boats or ships (see "marine sales and services").

Boat and Associated Water Sports Sales and Services. Establishments providing supplies and equipment for shipping or related services, or pleasure boating. Typical uses include chandleries, yacht brokerage and sales, boat yards, boat docks, and sail-making lofts.

Nurseries. Establishments in which all merchandise other than plants is kept within an encased building or fully screened enclosure, and fertilizer of any type is stored and sold in package form only.

Offices, Business and Professional. Offices of firms or organizations providing professional, executive, management, or administrative services, such as architectural, engineering, real estate, insurance, investment, legal, and medical/dental offices. This classification includes medical/dental laboratories incidental to an office use, and pharmacies, eyeglass shops, and similar prescription-dispensing services as an accessory to a medical office complex, but excludes banks and savings and loan associations.

Pawn Shops. Establishments engaged in retail sales of new or secondhand merchandise and offering loans secured by personal property.

Personal Improvement Services. Provision of instructional services or facilities, including photography, fine arts, crafts, dance or music studios, driving schools, business and trade schools, and diet centers.

Personal Services. Provision of recurrently needed services of a personal nature. This classification includes barber and beauty shops, seamstresses, tailors, shoe repair shops, dry cleaning agencies (excluding plants), and self-service laundries.

Research and Development Services. Establishments primarily engaged in industrial or scientific research, including limited product testing. This classification includes electron research firms or pharmaceutical research laboratories, but excludes manufacturing or medical testing and analysis.

Produce Stand. Are temporary produce sales locations that do not have continuous sales of more than thirty days during any three-month period of time and all produce sold at the site are agricultural products grown on the site where the sale is occurring. The sales area, access and parking, does not create a public nuisance or create a potential traffic hazard.

Produce Market. Are commercial produce sales enterprises which are principally carried out within a building but may include outdoor sales/display areas and are conducted principally within C districts and the AG zone and may involve the sales of some agricultural products that are not grown and produced on the site.

Retail Sales. The retail sale of merchandise not specifically listed under another use classification. This classification includes department stores, clothing stores, and furniture stores and businesses retailing the following goods: toys, hobby materials, handcrafted items, jewelry, cameras, photographic supplies, electronic equipment, records, sporting goods, kitchen utensils, hardware, appliances, antiques, art supplies and services, paint and wallpaper, carpeting and floor covering, office supplies, bicycles, and new automotive parts and accessories (excluding service and installation).

Secondhand Appliance and Clothing Sales. The retail sale of used appliances and clothing carried on entirely within a building and not displayed or merchandised outside of building or enclosure and not visible from any public right-of-way. This classification excludes antique shops primarily engaged in the sale of used furniture and accessories other than appliances.

Self-Storage Facility. Any real property designed and used for the purposes of renting or leasing individual storage spaces to tenants who are to have access to such space for the purpose of storing and removing personal property.

Swap Meets, Recurring. Retail sale or exchange of new, handcrafted, or secondhand merchandise for a maximum period of forty-eight hours, conducted by a sponsor on a more than twice yearly basis.

Vehicle/Equipment Sales and Services.

Visitor Accommodations.

Wholesales Distribution. Selling of wholesale to retail establishments exclusively. No general public sales.

Wholesale Retail Stores. Selling of wholesale and retail goods to the general public.

Cannabis Cultivation Business. Any cannabis business that, pursuant to a Type 1, Type 1A, Type 1B, Type 1C, Type 2, Type 2A, Type 2B, Type 3, Type 3A, Type 3B, Type 4, Type 5, Type 5A, Type 5B, or Type 12 state cannabis license, or their successors, cultivates cannabis or cannabis products.

Cannabis Distribution Business. Any cannabis business that, pursuant to a Type 11 or Type 13 state cannabis license, or their successors, procures, sells, or transports cannabis or cannabis products.

Cannabis Manufacturing Business. Any cannabis business that, pursuant to a Type 6, Type 7, or Type 12 state cannabis license, or their successors, manufacturers cannabis or cannabis products.

Cannabis Testing Laboratory. A cannabis business that tests cannabis or cannabis products pursuant to a Type 8 state cannabis license, or its successors.

Industry, Custom. Establishments primarily engaged in off-site production of goods by hand manufacturing involving the use of hand tools and small-scale equipment.

Industry, General. Manufacturing of products primarily from extracted or raw materials, or bulk storage and handling of such products and materials. Uses in this classification typically involve a high incidence of truck or rail traffic, and/or outdoor storage of products, materials, equipment, or bulk fuel. This classification includes chemical manufacture or processing, food processing and packaging, laundry and dry cleaning plants, auto dismantling within an enclosed building, oil and gas refining, stone-work and concrete products manufacture (excluding concrete ready-mix plants) within an enclosed building, and accessory power generation facilities of five megawatts or less in conjunction with a permitted use.

Junkyards, salvage and wrecking yards where scrap metal, automobiles and equipment can be dismantled and resold as parts or for scrap and all activities are conducted entirely within a building or enclosed area and cannot be viewed from a public street or roadway.

Industry, Limited. Manufacturing of finished parts or products, primarily from previously prepared materials; and provision of industrial services; both within an enclosed building. This classification includes processing, fabrication, assembly, treatment, and packaging, but excludes basic industrial processing from raw materials, food processing, and vehicle/equipment sales and services.

Small-Scale. Limited to a maximum gross floor area of five thousand square feet.

Industry, Research and Development. Establishments primarily engaged in the research, development, and controlled production of high-technology electronic, industrial or scientific products or commodities for sale, but prohibit uses that may be objectionable, in the opinion of the planning director, by reason of production of offensive odor, dust, noise, vibration, or storage of hazardous materials. Uses include biotechnology, films, and nontoxic computer component manufacturers.

Wholesaling, Distribution and Storage.

Temporary Residential Shelter (Small). A small temporary residential shelter consisting of not more than twenty-four beds that provides temporary housing for homeless people and is operated by a "not-for-profit" organization to the sole purpose of meeting the temporary housing needs of the city of Waterford's indigent population.

Temporary Residential Shelter (Large). A large temporary residential shelter consisting of more than twenty-four beds, that provides temporary housing for homeless people and is operated by a "not-for-profit" organization to the sole purpose of meeting the temporary housing needs of the city of Waterford's indigent population.

General Agriculture. Includes activities such as the tilling of the soil, the raising of crops, horticulture, viticulture, limited livestock and small livestock farming, aquaculture, or limited animal husbandry such as FFA or 4H projects, including all uses customarily incidental thereto but not including poultry ranching, dairying, slaughterhouses, fertilizer yards, bone yards or plants for the reduction of animal matter or any other industrial or agricultural use or activity which is similarly objectionable because of noise, odor, smoke, dust or fumes.

Small Animal Husbandry. Raising of small animals or production of animal products, such as eggs or dairy products, on an agriculturally designated property for domestic or personal consumption or as part of an FFA or 4H youth project and subject to the city's animal standards.

Crop Production. Raising and harvesting of tree crops, row crops, or field crops on an agricultural or commercial basis, including packing and processing.

Limited Agricultural Processing. Includes the changing an agricultural product (fruits, nuts and vegetables but not including animals) from its natural state to a different form, such as grapes to wine, apples to juice or sauce, etc. Limited agricultural processing shall be limited to crops grown on the subject property, fifty percent of which may be grown within a one-mile radius of the subject property.

General Agricultural Processing. Includes activities such as packing, sizing, polishing, hulling and the like. The manufacture of tomato paste or similar types of canneries or processes involving heat or chemical industrial techniques shall not be considered to be general agricultural processing.

Agricultural Service Establishments. Includes businesses engaging in activities designed to aid production agriculture. Service does not include the provision of tangible goods except those sold directly to farmers and used specifically to aid in production of farm animals or crops. Nor does service include any business which has the primary function of manufacturing products.

Production Agriculture. Includes producing of plant and animal commodities for commercial purposes.

Small Livestock Farming. Includes the raising or keeping of more than twelve chicken hens, turkeys or twelve pigeons or twelve similar fowl or twelve rabbits or twelve similar animals, or four permanent standard beehives, or any roosters, quacking ducks, geese, guinea fowl, peafowl, goats, sheep, worms or similar livestock provided that the term "small livestock farming" as used in this title shall not include hog farming, dairying or the raising or keeping for commercial purposes of horses, mules or similar livestock as determined by the city council.

Private and Public Stables. Includes accessory buildings or space where horses are kept for the private use of the owner and guests or for the commercial rental, training, or boarding of horses.

Tasting Room and Fruit Stand. Includes a facility in which agricultural products, grown or processed on the premises, may be tasted and sold. A restaurant, where complete meals are served and consumed, shall not be considered to be a tasting room.

Private or Public Kennel. Includes a place where five or more dogs or cats over four months of age are kept for commercial or noncommercial purposes.

Horticulture, Limited. Includes the raising of vegetables, flowers, ornamental trees and shrubs as a commercial enterprise; provided, that no nursery equipment or materials shall be stored and no structures erected. Commercial horticulture accessory to a dwelling unit shall be regulated as a home occupation.

Nonresidential Accessory Structures. Structures with no bedrooms, kitchens, or cooking facilities.

Accessory Dwelling Unit. An attached or detached residential dwelling unit that provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons and is located on a lot with a proposed or existing primary residence. It shall include permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation on the same parcel as the single-family or multifamily dwelling is or will be situated. An accessory dwelling unit also includes the following:

Junior Accessory Dwelling Unit. A unit that is no more than five hundred square feet in size and contained entirely within a single-family residence. A junior accessory dwelling unit may include separate sanitation facilities or may share sanitation facilities with the existing structure.

Animal Shows. Exhibitions of domestic or large animals for a maximum of seven days.

Seasonal Sales. Includes, but is not limited to, retail sale of Christmas trees, pumpkins and related Halloween decorations and 4th of July fireworks sales.

Circuses and Carnivals. Provision of games, eating and drinking facilities, live entertainment, animal exhibitions, or similar activities in a tent or other temporary structure for a maximum of seven days as set forth in Chapter 5.08. This classification excludes events conducted in a permanent entertainment facility.

Commercial Filming, Limited. Commercial motion picture or video photography at the same location six or fewer days per quarter of a calendar year.

Personal Property, Yard, Garage or Patio Sales. Sales of personal property.

Religious Assembly. Religious services conducted on a site that is not permanently occupied by a religious assembly use, for a period of not more than three days during any three-month period.

Retail Sales, Special Outdoor. Retail sales of new merchandise on the site of a legally established retail business.

Street Fairs and Farmers Markets. Provision of games, eating and drinking facilities, live entertainment, or similar activities not requiring the use of roofed structures.

Swap Meets, Nonrecurring. Retail sale or exchange of new, handcrafted, or secondhand merchandise for a maximum period of forty-eight hours, conducted by a sponsor no more than twice in any year.

Trade Fairs. Display and sale of goods or equipment related to a specific trade or industry for a maximum period of five days.

Temporary Bake Sales, Car Washes or Similar Charity or Organizational Fundraising Activities. Activity to be provided within a parking lot or sidewalk area in such a manner that it does not block public vehicular or pedestrian traffic or create a traffic pedestrian hazard and subject to city encroachment permits where applicable.

Temporary Schools, Outdoor Classroom Events. Conducted on public or private open space in a nonresidential area and subject to city permits where applicable.

Other Uses. Other uses of a clearly temporary nature as determined to be appropriate by the planning director.