West Valley City City Zoning Code
7-9 Off-Street
Parking Requirements
7-9-101. PURPOSE.
The purpose of these off-Street parking requirements is to reduce congestion and traffic hazards in the City by incorporating adequate, attractively-designed off-Street parking and loading facilities for various Uses. Parking areas shall be designed in such a manner that they will result in maximum efficiency, protection of public safety, provide for the special needs of those with disabilities, and where appropriate, insulate surrounding Uses from adverse impacts created by such parking.
7-9-102. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING.
At the time any Building, Structure or Use is changed such that there is an increase in the capacity or Intensity of the Use, off-Street parking shall be required in compliance with this Chapter. All off-Street parking and loading facilities within the City shall comply with all of the standards prescribed in this Chapter, and shall be permanently maintained in good condition for the duration of the Use or Uses served by the facility. All paved areas shall be maintained in good repair without broken parts, potholes or litter. Parking Lot striping and all other parking identification shall be installed in a professional manner and maintained so as to be clearly visible.
7-9-103. SITE PLAN AND LIGHTING PLAN REQUIRED.
All applications for a Permitted or Conditional Use shall be accompanied by a detailed Site Plan and lighting plan as required by this Title showing the required off-Street Parking Spaces. Parking Lots with less than five spaces are not required to submit a lighting plan.
7-9-104. COMPUTATION OF OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES.
The tables below contain the minimum parking requirements for specific Uses. The maximum percentage allowed for compact spaces is also given. Special requirements for each Use are provided under the “Notes” column where appropriate. If in the application of the requirements of this Title a fractional number is obtained, any fraction will be disregarded.
The number of Parking Spaces required by these schedules may be reduced or increased as a condition of the Planning Commission’s review for Conditional Use applications or as approved by the Zoning Administrator or designee for Permitted Uses if it can be demonstrated through a parking study that the proposed Use(s) would have a parking demand less than or in excess of the requirements stated in this Chapter. This parking study must be validated through empirical evidence, which is acceptable to the Zoning Administrator or designee, from similar Uses. Parking studies which include the use of alternative modes of transportation to reduce the number of Parking Spaces required must be prepared by an engineer.
Parking one behind the other arrangements for all required parking are prohibited except as noted below or as permitted by state law.
USE | MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENT | MAX. % COMPACT USES ALLOWED | NOTES AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
RESIDENTIAL | ||||
Boarding Home | 1 space per bedroom. | None | ||
Disabled or Group Home Housing | A minimum of 2 Parking Spaces plus 1 Parking Space for every 4 disabled Persons. | None | The Planning Commission may vary off-Street parking needs in relation to the number of staff/employees required and the special needs of the residents. | |
Mobile Home Dwelling within a Mobile Home Park | 2 spaces per unit. | None | Parking one behind the other is permitted provided sufficient visitor parking is located within the park. | |
Single Unit Dwelling Townhome Twin Home | 2 spaces per unit. | None | The depth and width of driveways leading to required garages shall each be at least 18 feet. Dwelling Units shall also provide an additional 0.75 spaces per unit. | |
Two Unit Dwelling Three Unit Dwelling Four Unit Dwelling Multiple Unit Dwelling | 2 spaces per unit. | None | Parking one behind the other arrangements for all required parking are prohibited, except for visitor parking for Multiple Unit Dwellings. | |
Multiple Unit Dwellings: | 25% | If the Planning Commission finds that reducing the 2 Parking Spaces per unit ratio is not detrimental to the surrounding area and will enhance the proposed Development, it may reduce the parking ratio to these minimums for multi-unit dwellings in Developments with at least 40 units. | ||
Studio Units | 1.3 spaces per unit. | |||
One Bedroom Units | 1.5 spaces per unit. | |||
Two Bedroom Units | 1.75 spaces per unit. | |||
Three Bedroom Units | 2 spaces per unit. | |||
HEALTH SERVICES | ||||
Assisted Living Facility | 0.6 spaces per Dwelling Unit. | The Planning Commission may vary off-Street parking needs in relation to the number of staff/employees required and the special needs of the residents. | ||
| Hospitals | 2 spaces per bed in the total facility. | 25% | A traffic study may be required. Accessory units and clinics will be calculated as outlined in this Chapter. |
Medical and Dental Offices and Clinics | 3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | ||
Nursing Homes | 1 space per 2.5 beds for nursing and convalescent homes. | None | ||
Veterinarians and Veterinary Hospitals | 3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | ||
INSTITUTIONAL | ||||
Churches and Mortuaries | 1 space for each 6.5 feet of linear pew or 3.5 seats. However, where a Church Building is designed or intended to be used by 2 congregations at the same time, an additional 50% of the minimum spaces required shall be provided. | |||
Day Care/Preschool Centers and Nursery Schools | 1 space per 400 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | If drop-off facilities are contemplated, they shall be designed to provide a continuous flow of vehicles to safely load and unload children without stacking on public Streets. When drop-off facilities are provided, a reduction to the number of spaces required may be reduced as per this Section. | |
Public School (K – 12) | 1 space per 3 students. | 25% | If drop-off facilities are contemplated, they shall be designed to provide a continuous flow of vehicles to safely load and unload children without stacking on public Streets. | |
ENTERTAINMENT AND RECREATION | ||||
Amusement Center | 1 space per 100 square feet of floor space. | 25% | ||
Bowling Alleys and Billiard Halls | 4 Parking Spaces per alley and 2 spaces per billiard table. | 25% | Ancillary Uses such as Restaurants shall comply with the specific requirements outlined in this Chapter. | |
Commercial Riding Stables | 1 space per 5 horses boarded on site. | None | ||
Golf Courses | 6 spaces per hole. | 25% | Ancillary Uses such as Commercial pro shops and Restaurants shall provide sufficient parking as required in this Chapter. | |
Miniature Golf Courses | 3 spaces per hole. | |||
Driving Ranges | 1 space per hole. | |||
Fitness Centers | 1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | Ancillary Uses such as Restaurants to provide parking as required by this Chapter. | |
Movie Theaters | 1 space per 5 seats. | 25% | ||
Tennis, Handball and Racquetball facilities | 3 spaces per court. | 25% | Ancillary Uses to provide sufficient additional parking as required by this Chapter. | |
COMMERCIAL | ||||
Automobile Service and Automobile Parts and Supply Stores | 3 spaces for each service bay plus 3 spaces for every 1,000 square feet of retail sales area. | 25% | If towing service is provided, sufficient area shall be located on site for temporary storage of vehicles and the tow truck. | |
Auto Sales | 1 customer Parking Space per 400 square feet of gross floor area in the automobile sales area or 5 Parking Spaces, whichever requirement is greater. | 25% | ||
Fast Food Establishments | 1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | Drive-up windows shall provide sufficient stacking room and sufficient area for 4 spaces from place of order and 4 spaces from pick-up window. | |
Financial Institutions | 1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | Drive-up windows shall provide sufficient stacking room and sufficient area for 4 spaces from teller window. | |
Grocery Store, Neighborhood Grocery, and Convenience Store | 1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | ||
Lodging Facilities | 1 space per room. | 25% | Ancillary Uses such as Restaurants or retail shops shall provide additional parking as identified for the specific Use as required by this Chapter. | |
Lumber Yards and Plant Nurseries | 1 space per 500 square feet of indoor floor sales area. | 25% | ||
Professional Offices | 3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | The Planning Commission may consider a reduction in parking stall width to 8 feet 6 inches for retrofits of existing Warehouse Buildings upon application as a Conditional Use. | |
Restaurants | 12 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | Drive-up windows shall provide sufficient stacking room and sufficient area for 4 spaces from place of order and 4 spaces from pick-up window. | |
Retail – Intensive: General Merchandising including Shopping Centers and Adult Businesses | 3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | ||
Retail – Less Intensive: Furniture, Carpet | 1 space per 1,000 feet of gross floor area. | 25% | ||
Sports Stadiums, Concert Venues, and Auditoriums (including School auditoriums) | 1 space per 4 seats. | 25% | ||
Club Licensees, Indoor Event Centers, Semi-Nude Entertainment Businesses and other places of public assembly | 1 space for each 50 square feet of gross floor area. | 25% | ||
Swimming Pools (Commercial and Public) | 1 space per each 10 Persons based on capacity load. | 25% | ||
INDUSTRIAL | ||||
Detention Facility/Jail | 2 spaces per 3 employees, 1 space per 20 inmates and 1 space per each service vehicle stored on site. | Parking Spaces must be adequately sized for the vehicles being stored or parked on site. | ||
Manufacturing | 1 space per 800 square feet of gross floor area devoted to manufacturing plus required parking for business vehicles. | 30% | Ancillary Uses such as offices are to provide parking as required by this Chapter. | |
Outside Storage Uses in an approved industrial area | 1 space per 5,000 square feet of open area being utilized for storage exclusive of access, Landscaping, etc. | |||
Truck Transfer Companies | 1 space for each 2 employees plus parking for each truck associated with the business. | |||
Warehousing | 1 space per 2,000 square feet of gross floor area. | No conversions of any portion of a Warehouse Use to any other Use shall be permitted unless the parking requirements for such other Uses are met. | ||
OTHER | ||||
Parking Spaces for Uses not specified | The number of Parking Spaces for Uses not specified herein shall be determined by the Zoning Administrator being guided, where appropriate, by the requirements set forth herein for Uses which are similar to the Use not specified. | |||
7-9-105. SHARED PARKING.
(1) When any land or Building is under the same Ownership or under a joint use agreement and is used for two or more purposes, the number of Parking Spaces is computed by multiplying the minimum amount of parking normally required for each Use by the appropriate percentage as shown in the following parking credit schedule for each of the five time periods shown. The number of Parking Spaces required is determined by totaling the resulting numbers in each column; the column total that generates the highest number of Parking Spaces then becomes the parking requirement.
Weekday | Weekend | Nighttime | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uses | Morning | Afternoon | Evening | Morning | Afternoon | Evening | |
(6 AM – 12 PM) | (12 PM – 6 PM) | (6 PM – 12 AM) | (6 AM – 12 PM) | (12 PM – 6 PM) | (6 PM – 12 AM) | (12 AM – 6 AM) | |
Day Care | 85% | 100% | 45% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Equity Club, Fraternal Club, or Social Club | 0% | 5% | 100% | 0% | 25% | 100% | 100% |
Fast Food Establishment | 85% | 100% | 85% | 85% | 100% | 85% | 5% |
Financial Institution | 100% | 100% | 0% | 100% | 95% | 0% | 0% |
Fitness Center | 80% | 90% | 100% | 80% | 100% | 95% | 0% |
Grocery Store/pharmacy | 70% | 100% | 95% | 100% | 100% | 50% | 5% |
Home Improvement Center | 100% | 100% | 75% | 80% | 100% | 90% | 5% |
Indoor Recreation | 70% | 95% | 100% | 70% | 95% | 100% | 0% |
Lodging Facility | 100% | 80% | 90% | 100% | 80% | 90% | 100% |
Medical and Dental Office | 100% | 100% | 65% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Movie Theater | 0% | 65% | 100% | 0% | 60% | 100% | 50% |
Professional Office | 100% | 95% | 25% | 100% | 90% | 5% | 0% |
Residential | 90% | 50% | 95% | 90% | 65% | 90% | 100% |
Restaurant, Restaurant On-Premises Beer Retailer, Restaurant Liquor Restaurant | 45% | 80% | 100% | 25% | 65% | 100% | 50% |
Retail store under 100,000 sq. ft. | 80% | 100% | 90% | 90% | 100% | 75% | 0% |
Retail store of 100,000 sq. ft. or more | 90% | 100% | 80% | 65% | 100% | 80% | 5% |
All other uses | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
(2) Neighboring property Owners may share Parking Spaces if:
a. A permanent cross-access easement or other recorded agreement is established;
b. Pedestrian access between the properties can be gained without utilizing a public Street that is listed on the West Valley City Major Street Plan;
c. All of the parking is located within a 400-foot radius of the main Entrance of the Use requesting the additional parking; and
d. The combined parking required for all properties can be met as outlined in Section 7-9-104 or subsection (1) above when involving two or more Uses.
7-9-106. DESIGN STANDARDS FOR OFF-STREET PARKING AND LOADING SPACES.
All Parking Spaces shall be accessible from a Street; provided, that no Parking Space shall be designed to require vehicles to back onto a Street except for Parking Spaces that serve a Single or Two Unit Dwelling or Townhomes or Condominiums that are attached to the side of one another.
7-9-107. PARKING LOT ACCESS.
Entrances and Exits for parking facilities shall be designed to reduce traffic congestion on public Streets and minimize conflicts with neighboring Uses. Adequate ingress and egress to the parking facilities shall be provided as follows:
(1) Access drives for Single or Two Unit Dwellings with single- and double-car garages shall be a minimum of 10 feet wide and a maximum of 20 feet at the property line. Access drives for three-car and larger garages shall be a minimum of 10 feet wide and may not exceed a maximum of 30 feet at the property line. On Corner Lots, the access to a Single or Two Unit Dwelling shall be set back a minimum of 40 feet from the point of intersecting curb lines.
(2) Access drives for Single or Two Unit Dwellings with detached garages, Carports or other parking areas located in the Rear Yard of the dwelling, which provide the minimum required Parking Spaces, shall be at minimum of 10 feet wide and improved per Section 7-9-114.
(3) Standards for the width, radius, location and number of curb cuts for all Uses on City Streets except Single or Two Unit Dwellings or Townhomes or Condominiums that are attached to the side of one another are outlined in the table below:
Future Right-of-way Width | Max Curb Cut Width | Minimum Access Radius | Separation from Corners* | Separation from Side/Rear Property Lines | Number of Curb Cuts Allowed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<66' | 30' | 30' | 80' | 75' | 1 per 150' of Frontage |
66' – 79' | 40' | 40' | 100' | 100' | 1 per 200' of Frontage |
80' and up | 40' | 30' | 140' | 175' | 1 per 350' of Frontage |
*Measurement made from the point of intersecting curb lines to near edge of driveway.
(4) The City Engineer or designee may modify the standards in the table in subsection (3) above if sufficient proof is provided through a traffic study that the modification will be necessary for traffic movement. The maximum driveway width shall be 50 feet.
7-9-108. STACKING.
Adequate stacking or waiting lanes for those Uses requiring such stacking areas shall be designed so that no obstruction shall occur at the public Right-of-way. A 72-foot minimum stacking area from the service point shall be provided for waiting areas which do not conflict with access to other required facilities.
7-9-109. PARKING LOT LAYOUT.
Parking Lots shall be designed to provide for internal circulation so that each Parking Space is accessible to all other Parking Spaces without using a public Street. All properties shall provide attractive, direct and safe pedestrian access to parking. The layout of the parking areas shall relate to Building Entrances. The tables below shall be used to provide the minimum design standards for Parking Lot layout:
7-9-110. COMPACT CAR DESIGN.
Each compact space approved herein shall be designated as a compact space with either signage placed at both ends of a row of compact spaces with one additional sign for each five spaces over the initial five spaces or painted letters on pavement of at least 12 inches high and seven inches wide stating “Compact” for each space. All compact Parking Spaces shall be approved by the City and shall be located throughout the required Parking Lot areas in groups as to allow appropriate design transition.
7-9-111. DISABLED PARKING.
Disabled Parking Spaces shall be provided in off-Street Parking Lots and shall count towards fulfilling the minimum automobile required parking. The number, location, and identification of disabled Parking Spaces required shall be determined by the most current building code adopted by the City.
7-9-112. LANDSCAPING AND SCREENING.
(1) Parking Lots with five or more spaces must have a minimum of a 20-foot wide landscape strip in all yards adjacent to any Street. Side Yards adjacent to a Street may reduce the landscape strip to 10 feet if they incorporate a three-foot high Masonry Wall with the Landscaping sloping upward to the top of the wall. Twenty-foot wide landscape strips shall incorporate a berm with a minimum elevation of three feet above the Parking Lot. Exterior perimeters of the Parking Lot, which are not adjacent to a Street, shall have a minimum of a five-foot wide Landscaping strip. Parking Lots adjacent to an Agricultural Zone or Residential Use or Zone shall have a minimum of a 10-foot wide landscape strip.
(2) The Planning Commission may consider alternatives to the berming requirement as a Conditional Use on properties of at least 10 acres. This provision applies only to properties in the Manufacturing (M) zone and only on interior Streets within the Development, not on any High-Image Arterial Streets as defined in Chapter 7-10. If berming requirements are so modified, screening for adjacent Parking Lots shall be required using a combination of hedges, shrubs, trees, landscape boulders, screen walls and similar devices.
(3) At least 15 square feet of Landscaping for each Parking Space shall be provided within the interior of all off-Street parking areas. Such Landscaping shall be dispersed throughout the interior of the parking area. For parking areas with 20 or more total Parking Spaces in a double-loaded aisle, Landscaping shall include at least a five-foot by 36-foot landscape area with two trees at each end of the aisle. For parking areas with 28 or more total Parking Spaces in a double-loaded aisle, Landscaping shall include at least a five-foot by 36-foot landscape area with two trees at each end of the aisle and incorporate one of the four options below (Figure 7.1):
a. Five-foot by five-foot landscape diamonds (measured along each side of the diamond) placed no more than seven Parking Spaces apart;
b. Five-foot by 36-foot landscape areas with two trees placed 10 Parking Spaces apart;
c. A five-foot landscaped median with trees planted 40 feet apart; or
d. Other similar designs that disperse Landscaping throughout the parking area and are acceptable to City staff.
(4) All landscaped areas shall consist of at least 50 percent live plant materials and be serviced by a permanent underground irrigation system. The remaining 50 percent may include mineral or nonliving organic permeable material. Landscape areas that are less than eight feet wide shall utilize drip or bubbler irrigation and shall not include sod. Trees shall be planted in the landscape areas at a minimum ratio of one tree per 300 square feet of gross landscape area. Where trees are required, four shrubs per tree shall also be required. Trees shall be a minimum size of one and one-half inch caliper and shrubs shall be a minimum size of one gallon.
(5) Where any Parking Lot of five or more spaces borders an Agricultural Zone or Residential Use or Zone, a six-foot-tall Masonry Wall and landscape buffer shall be installed in accordance with the following requirements:
a. The wall shall be constructed concurrently with the foundation of the first Building on the Lot.
b. The six-foot height requirement shall be measured from the Grade of the higher Lot to the top of the screen wall.
c. When future Commercial Use of the neighboring residential property is recommended in the General Plan, a waiver or substitution for the wall requirement may be approved by the Planning Commission for Conditional Uses or the Zoning Administrator for Permitted Uses.
i. If a substitution would allow visibility into a neighboring residential property, the substitution shall not be approved unless the Owner of the residential property records a deed restriction against his or her property in a form acceptable to the City Attorney’s Office prohibiting the installation of a solid Fence.
ii. Substitutions permitting visibility into a neighboring residential property shall be constructed with six-foot-tall powder coated ornamental aluminum alloy or similar non-rusting product.
7-9-113. LIGHTING.
(1) Lighting used to illuminate any off-Street Parking Spaces, vehicle maneuvering areas, or loading/unloading areas must conform to the following standards:
a. Illumination of driveway access to Streets shall at least match any local public lighting.
b. Light poles shall be permanently set on pillars or placed in landscaped areas to minimize direct contact with vehicles.
c. To reduce light pollution, lighting systems shall obscure the lamp image to direct light where needed.
d. Luminaire mounting height shall reasonably match the scale of the surrounding Buildings.
e. Noise created by electromagnetic ballasts shall be kept to a minimum and must not be noticeable above ambient background levels.
f. Illuminance levels shall be a minimum of 0.5 horizontal footcandles and 0.3 vertical footcandles.
g. Lighting shall be arranged or directed as to reflect the light away from adjacent properties and to prevent glare for Street traffic. The Intensity of light at adjoining residential properties shall not exceed 0.1 footcandles.
(2) Lighting plans submitted for review must include the location and height of all light poles and predicted illumination levels, which are based on maintained illumination levels just prior to lamp replacement and luminaire cleaning, within, at and beyond property lines.
(3) Designers of lighting plans shall consider and illustrate:
a. Shadow effects of trees, signs, Buildings, screen walls or other fixed objects; and
b. Illumination of the entire off-Street parking area sufficiently to allow pedestrians and motorists to see potential danger in their peripheral vision, to promote pedestrian and vehicle safety and to prevent assault, theft and vandalism.
7-9-114. SURFACING.
(1) Except as provided in subsections (2), (3) and (4) below, all off-Street Parking Spaces and maneuvering areas shall be paved and permanently maintained with asphalt or concrete.
(2) Residential dirt driveways in existence as of April 1, 2010, that have never been hard surfaced or graveled may be surfaced with gravel.
(3) Agricultural and heavy equipment Uses will be evaluated as to their impact on City Streets, neighboring properties and the subject property with appropriate dustless surfacing to be determined by the Zoning Administrator. Access to detached garages which provide parking areas in excess of minimum parking stall numbers, shall provide an appropriate dustless surface, provided the minimum Front Yard driveway is paved with asphalt or cement. A dustless surface can be gravel, provided the gravel is a minimum of four inches deep, contained with durable borders and weed- and grass-free.
(4) All off-Street parking areas for Single Unit Dwelling, Two Unit Dwelling, or Twin Home Lots shall meet the following standards:
a. All parking and maneuvering areas, in addition to the minimum required, shall be paved and permanently maintained with a hard surface or gravel.
b. Whenever gravel is used for parking and maneuvering in a Residential or Agricultural Zone, the gravel must be a minimum of four inches deep, compacted, free of grass and weeds, and contained with durable borders.
c. For the purposes of this Section, a hard surface shall only include concrete, asphalt, brick pavers and stone pavers.
d. Hard surfaced parking strips with a minimum width of two feet each may be used for parking and maneuvering areas instead of a solid driveway. Landscaping, as defined in Section 7-1-103, must be installed and maintained in a healthy condition between the parking strips. For the purposes of the determining the hard surface percentage in the Front Yard for subsection 4(e) below, the landscaped space between the parking strips shall be included in the hard surface percentage.
e. No more than 50 percent of a Front Yard may be covered with a hard-surface. Whenever gravel is used for parking and maneuvering in the Front Yard, the gravel area shall be included in the calculation.
f. Within Front Yards, parking shall only be permitted in front of the garage, in front of the carport or any other portion of the Front Yard that is not directly in front of the house and shall not cover or overlap more than four feet of the front of the house, excluding the garage and carport.
(5) All off-Street vehicle parking must occur in an area that meets the requirements of this Chapter. No parking shall be allowed in landscaped areas.
7-9-115. GRADING.
Parking Lots shall be properly graded to allow for drainage of surface water in an approved manner as to keep the parking area free of water and ice. Drainage plans are to be approved by the Public Works Department prior to issuance of a building permit.
7-9-116. OFF-STREET LOADING SPACE DESIGN STANDARDS.
All loading and unloading shall occur off-Street. Where necessary, adequate space for loading and unloading services shall be provided in accordance with the following standards:
(1) All loading areas or docks shall be located so that no vehicle shall be parked, or require maneuvering room within a public Street.
(2) Each loading facility shall not be less than 45 feet in length and 12 feet in width and shall have an overhead clearance of not less than 14 feet.
(3) Sufficient room for turning and maneuvering vehicles shall be provided on the site.
(4) Off-Street loading facilities for one Use shall not be considered as providing required off-Street loading or parking facilities for any other Use.