Parking and Loading
This chapter establishes regulations which provide for attractive and convenient off-street parking and loading and to ensure that parking areas are compatible with surrounding land uses. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011.)
Except as otherwise provided in adopted contract rezones, development agreements, design standards and guidelines, or similar more specific process, off-street parking and loading provisions of this chapter shall apply as follows:
A. New Development. For all buildings or structures erected and all uses of land (property) established, parking and loading facilities shall be provided as required by this chapter.
B. Change in Use. When the use of any building, structure, or land is changed, increasing the intensity such that the change creates an increase of five or less parking spaces required by the change, additional off-street parking spaces need not be provided in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
1. Special Provisions for the R-F Residential Flex Zone.
a. Within the R-F residential flex zoning district, if any existing, nonresidential use is changed to another use, the requirements of this chapter shall apply in full to the new use if and only if the change in parking requirements between the old and new uses is greater than two spaces; except that if the applicant submits an alternate parking plan sufficiently justifying that the existing parking meets the needs of the new use, the planning director may authorize the satisfaction of parking through the special exception process.
b. Whenever there is a change from a residential use to a nonresidential use in an existing building within the R-F residential flex zoning district, the requirements of this chapter shall apply in full to the new use; except if the structure is being used as both a residence and business, then if the applicant submits an alternate parking plan sufficiently justifying that the parking meets the needs of both uses, the planning director may authorize the satisfaction of parking through the special exception process.
C. Modification to Existing Structures or Uses of Land. Whenever an existing building or structure is modified or uses of land are modified such that the modification would require an increase of more than five off-street parking spaces, additional off-street parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
D. Modification to Existing Parking Lots.
1. Any parking lot hereafter physically altered shall comply with all of the provisions of this chapter, except that such lot which provides five percent of its area in landscaping and the landscaping is healthy and in good maintenance shall be deemed to comply with ACC 18.50.040(C)(4).
2. For existing parking lots that are resurfaced in excess of 50 percent of their area, then at least five percent of the entire parking area shall be landscaped consistent with Chapter 18.50 ACC.
3. If existing parking lots are restriped, then the new layout of the parking spaces shall be the same as the previous layout or, if changed, then the changed layout shall conform to the existing dimensional requirements of this chapter. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6287 § 2, 2010; Ord. 6231 § 7, 2009; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Each principal use of the land, building, or structure shall provide the number of off-street parking spaces required by this section. The following standards are not applicable in the DUC, downtown urban center zone; refer to Chapter 18.29 ACC for specific requirements for that zone.
A. Parking Requirements by Land Use.
1. Minimum Number of Parking Spaces. Each land use shall provide the minimum number of off-street parking spaces required by Table 18.52.020, except where a greater number of spaces are required through a more specific approval process such as an administrative use permit or conditional use permit approval.
2. Uses Not Listed. Where a use is not listed in Table 18.52.020, the planning director shall determine the number of required parking and/or loading spaces. The planning director shall use the requirements in Table 18.52.020 as a guide in determining the number of off-street parking spaces required based on the similarity of uses or may consider a parking generation study.
B. Maximum Number of Parking Spaces. Except for required parking spaces for persons with disabilities, spaces provided in park and ride lots operated by a public transit agency, spaces for carpools, spaces for electric vehicle charging and spaces within structured parking with two or more levels, the maximum number of parking spaces for nonresidential uses shall not exceed 125 percent of the minimum spaces required by Table 18.52.020.
C. Measurement of Floor Area. In any case where Table 18.52.020 establishes a parking requirement based on floor area in square feet (for example: two spaces per 1,000 square feet (sf) of floor area), the floor area shall be construed to mean gross floor area (defined in ACC 18.04.430).
D. Use With Accessory Components. A single use with accessory components shall provide parking for the primary use, and each component. For example, a hotel with a meeting room may be required to provide the parking spaces required by Table 18.52.020 for a hotel (i.e., the guest rooms), and for a meeting room.
E. Obstruction. Removal of required parking or loading spaces from practical use by obstruction, erection of buildings, or other actions as to reduce the parking or loading capacity or usefulness thereof below the minimum requirements established in this chapter is prohibited.
F. Existing Legally Nonconforming Gravel Spaces. Up to six legally nonconforming gravel parking spaces may be used to meet off-street parking requirement for residential development.
Table 18.52.020. Off-Street Parking Requirements by Land Use
Land Use Type: | Unit of Measure: | Required Parking Rate (spaces per unit of measure):6 |
|---|---|---|
Residential Categories | ||
Single-unit detached dwelling, adult family home, home-based daycares | 2.00 | |
Middle housing (2 to 6 units) | See Chapter 18.25 ACC for middle housing parking requirements. | |
Apartments (7 or more units) | 0.50 | |
2.00 | ||
Per unit | 0.00 | |
Permanent supportive housing, transitional housing, emergency housing, and emergency shelters | Per unit | 0.00 |
Group living (includes boardinghouse) | 4 bedrooms | 1.00 |
Commercial Categories | ||
Auto sales and motorcycle, new | 1,000 sf of floor area | 2.29 |
Auto sales and motorcycle, used | 1,000 sf of floor area | 3.08 |
Each 10 children in care | 2.00 | |
Eating and drinking establishments | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 8.00 |
Food retail stores and markets | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Health and fitness clubs | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Guest room or rental unit | 1.00 | |
Mini-marts and gas stations | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Mortuaries or funeral homes | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.25 |
Motor vehicle repair and services | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 |
1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 | |
Retail commercial establishments, less than 15,000 square feet of floor area | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 |
Retail commercial establishments, greater than 15,000 square feet of floor area | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 4.00 |
1,000 square feet of floor area | 4.00 | |
Office Categories | ||
Business and professional offices | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.00 |
Medical-dental clinic; urgent care | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 3.00 |
Manufacturing Processing and Warehousing Categories (See also ACC 18.52.020(D)) | ||
All manufacturing, industrial, and processing uses, except the following: | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 1.00 |
Warehousing | 2,000 square feet of floor area | 1.00 |
Storage – Personal storage/mini-storage facilities | 1,000 square feet of floor area2 | 0.10 |
Recreation, Education, Public Assembly Categories | ||
Auditoriums, stadiums, and theaters | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.25 |
Commercial recreation facilities – Indoor, except for the following: | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Bowling alleys | Lanes | 5.00 |
Pool and billiard rooms | Table | 2.00 |
Skating rinks | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Commercial recreation facilities – Outdoor | 1,000 square feet of usable recreational area | 3.00 |
Bed | 1.75 | |
Library, museum | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 |
Meeting facility, public or private | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.25 |
Religious assembly | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.20 |
Schools (public and private) | ||
Preschool schools | Employee3 | 1.00 |
Elementary/middle schools | Teaching station | 1.20 |
Secondary (high) schools | Student | 0.40 |
College or university (including trade and business schools) | Student | 0.75 |
Studios (dance, martial arts, etc.) | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Tennis/racquetball/handball or other sport courts | Court | 2.00 |
Each 300 sf of floor area for accessory uses | 1.00 | |
Recreational uses not listed elsewhere | Same as retail, based on size | |
Notes:
1Within mobile home parks, parking space shall not be allowed within the required setbacks. Guest parking shall be provided within the development: five percent of total requirement.
3There shall be two visitor-parking stalls provided for each 10 required employee stalls.
5Employee and customer parking only.
6If the rate ends in .5 and above the number of parking spaces is rounded up to the next full number to provide the total number of parking spaces required.
(Ord. 6977 § 1, 2025; Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6419 § 5, 2012; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6167 § 4, 2008; Ord. 6140 § 2, 2007; Ord. 6071 § 3, 2007; Ord. 5777 § 1, 2003; Ord. 5556 § 1, 2001; Ord. 5170 § 1, 1998; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4304 § 1(40), (41), 1988; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
A. Accessible parking spaces for the handicapped/disabled shall be provided in compliance with the International Building Code (IBC), the Federal Accessibility Guidelines, and Washington Administrative Code, as applicable. These spaces shall count towards fulfilling the off-street parking requirements of this chapter.
B. Accessible car and van parking space size shall be as follows:
1. Car parking spaces shall be eight feet (96 inches) minimum in width.
2. Van parking spaces shall be 11 feet (132 inches) minimum in width.
C. Exception. Van parking spaces shall be permitted to be eight feet (96 inches) minimum in width where the adjacent access aisle is eight feet (96 inches) minimum in width.
Table 18.52.025. Accessible Parking Spaces Required
Total Parking Spaces Provided | Minimum Number of Accessible Spaces |
|---|---|
1 to 25 | 1 |
26 to 50 | 2 |
51 to 75 | 3 |
76 to 100 | 4 |
101 to 150 | 5 |
151 to 200 | 6 |
201 to 300 | 7 |
301 to 400 | 8 |
401 to 500 | 9 |
501 to 1,000 | 2% of total |
More than 1,000 | 20, plus one for each 100 over 1,000 |
(Ord. 6977 § 1 (Exh. A), 2025; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011.)
Except within the DUC zone, reductions of the quantity of required parking may be allowed based upon the provisions in Table 18.52.030, Parking Quantity Reductions.
Table 18.52.030. Parking Quantity Reductions
1. Joint Use of Parking Facilities | A reduction in the total number of required parking spaces may be allowed when two or more uses with different peak parking demands will share a parking facility. In order for the reduction to occur the planning director must determine, based on satisfactory evidence provided by the applicant, that there is no substantial conflict in the principal operating hours and no substantial conflict in peak parking demand of the uses for which the sharing of parking is proposed. To evaluate the peak parking demand characteristics or differences in hours and/or days of operation, evidence including, but not limited to, a description of the uses and their operational characteristics, and a development plan shall be provided by the applicant and accompany the request. If approved, a binding agreement providing for the shared use of parking areas shall be executed by the parties involved, and must be filed with the city in a form approved by the planning director and be recorded. Shared parking privileges will continue in effect only as long as the agreement, binding on all parties, remains in force. Agreements must guarantee long-term availability of the parking, commensurate with the use served by the parking. If a shared parking agreement lapses or is no longer valid, then parking must be provided as otherwise required by this chapter. |
2. Reduction of Parking for a Use with Low Parking Demand | A reduction of up to 50 percent of the total number of required parking allowed for the re-use of an existing building, based on quantitative information provided by the applicant that documents the need for fewer spaces (e.g., sales receipts, documentation of customer frequency, information on parking standards required for the property land use by other cities). In order for the reduction to occur the planning director must find satisfactory evidence has been provided by the applicant. |
3. Mixed Occupancies and Shared Uses | In the case of two or more principal uses in the same building, the total requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be 75 percent of the sum of the requirements for the principal uses computed separately. In order for a use to be considered a separate principal use under the terms of this section, the uses must be physically and managerially separate in a manner which clearly sets the principal uses apart as separate businesses or operations. Various activities associated with single businesses shall not be considered separate uses. |
4. Transit Access | A reduction in the total number of required parking spaces may be reduced by 25 percent for sites located within a 1/4 mile (walking distance) of a public transit stop. A public transit stop includes but is not limited to a bus stop, commuter train stop, or park and ride lot. Applicants requesting this reduction must provide a map identifying the site and transit service schedules for all transit routes within 1/4 mile of the site. |
5. Trip Reduction Plan | A reduction of up to 25 percent in the total number of required parking spaces may be allowed for a business or other use that creates and implements a site-specific trip reduction plan and program. The trip reduction plan and program shall be reviewed and approved by the city and yearly reports shall be provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and ensure its continued maintenance and operation. |
6. Credit for On-Street Parking – Nonresidential | All multifamily uses and nonresidential uses located adjacent to a public right-of-way where on-street parking is permitted may receive credit for one off-street parking stall for each 22 linear feet of abutting right-of-way for parallel parking, excluding curb cuts. This provision shall be applied for on-street parking on the same side of the street as the proposed land use. All parking for employees must be provided on site. |
7. Valet Service | A reduction of up to 25 percent in the amount of required parking per Table 18.52.020 may be permitted, depending on the size and type of the use if approved by the planning director. |
8. Tree Retention | If retention of significant trees as required under ACC 18.50.045 makes it infeasible to accommodate parking required under ACC 18.52.020, required parking may be reduced, as long as all other standards in this title are met and approved by the planning director. |
(Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6071 § 4, 2007; Ord. 5556 § 1, 2001; Ord. 5170 § 1, 1998; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
All banks, savings and loan associations, food dispensing establishments, and other businesses which maintain drive-through facilities which are intended to serve customers who remain in their motor vehicles during business transactions, or are designed in such a manner that customers must leave their automobiles temporarily in a driving lane located adjacent to the facility, shall provide on-site stacking space for the stacking of motor vehicles as follows:
A. Stacking Space. The drive-through facility shall be so located that sufficient stacking space is provided to accommodate the types of motor vehicles using such facility during peak business hours of such a facility.
B. Driveway Location. The location of entrances and exits shall be determined by the city engineer.
C. Shopping Centers. When located in a shopping center, drive-through facilities shall provide sufficient stacking space to handle peak business demands and shall not in any way obstruct the normal circulation pattern of the shopping center and not unreasonably interfere with nonmotorized circulation. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Required parking areas shall be designed, constructed and maintained in compliance with this section:
A. Location of Parking. Off-street parking areas shall be located as follows:
1. Residential Parking. Residential parking shall be located on the same site as each residential dwelling unit served; except for a mixed-use development as defined by ACC 18.04.625. No required residential parking space shall occupy any unimproved area within the required front setback, or side and rear setback, except as allowed by subsection E of this section, Surfacing of Parking Areas.
2. Nonresidential Parking. Nonresidential parking shall be located on the same site as the use served, or off site. If parking is to be located off site it is subject to the following requirements:
a. The lot or area to be utilized for parking shall be legally encumbered by an easement or other appropriate means to ensure continuous use of the parking facilities following the procedure contained in Table 18.52.030(1), Joint Use of Parking Facilities.
b. Whenever required parking facilities are located off site, sidewalks, or an approved pedestrian facility, shall be provided connecting the satellite parking facility to the development being served.
B. Access to Parking. Access to parking shall be provided as follows for all parking areas other than for single-unit detached dwellings and middle housing:
1. The location, design and construction of entrances and exits from the street right-of-way shall be determined by the city engineer.
2. A commercial or industrial use shall have access driveways from the public or private street that are not intersected by a parking aisle, parking space, or another access driveway for a minimum distance of 40 feet from the street right-of-way, to provide a queuing area for vehicles entering and exiting the parking area. The city engineer may require an increase or a decrease of this as determined by criteria set forth in the engineering design standards.
C. Access to Adjacent Sites. The city may require that the design of a parking area to provide vehicle and pedestrian connections to parking areas on adjacent properties or to connect with adjoining public walkways (when a reciprocal access easement is available or can reasonably be provided).
D. Parking Stall and Aisle Dimensional Standards.
1. Minimum Dimensions. Each parking space and parking lot aisle shall comply with the minimum dimension requirements in Table 18.52.050 and further displayed in Figure 18.52.050.
Table 18.52.050. Parking Space and Drive Aisle Dimensions
Parking Stall Type (A) | Minimum Stall Dimensions | Minimum Width for Drive Aisle with Parking (D) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Width (C) | Length (B) | One-Way | Two-Way | |
Standard parallel | 8 ft. | 20 ft. | 12 ft. | 20 ft. |
Standard 45-degree | 8 ft. | 19 ft. | 15 ft. | 20 ft. |
Standard 60-degree | 8 ft. | 19 ft. | 18 ft. | 20 ft. |
Standard 90-degree | 8 ft. | 19 ft. | 20 ft. | 24 ft. |
Compact | 8 ft. | 16 ft. | 20 ft. | 22 ft. |

Figure 18.52.050. Parking Space and Drive Aisle Dimensions
2. Compact Parking. Compact spaces may be allowed within a parking lot up to a maximum of 30 percent of the total number of spaces. This maximum percentage can be increased to 50 percent when approval is obtained by the planning director following the procedures contained in ACC 18.52.135, Alternative parking layouts. Compact spaces can be clustered or dispersed throughout the parking lot. Every compact parking space created pursuant to this section shall be clearly identified as such by painting the word “COMPACT” in upper case block letters, using white paint, on the pavement within the space or through the use of signage.
3. Vehicle Overhang. Vehicular overhang of up to two feet is permitted, provided no vehicle shall overhang into a sidewalk or walkway which would reduce the unencumbered width of a sidewalk or walkway to less than four feet. A vehicle is permitted to overhang into a landscaped area by two feet; provided, that the required landscape area of trees and shrubs are not reduced in quantity and not subject to potential damage.
4. Tandem Parking. Tandem parking spaces (parking of one vehicle in front of another such that only the outer vehicle is immediately accessible) may count towards parking requirements for residential uses under ACC 18.52.020.
E. Surfacing of Parking Areas. Areas used for parking on private property, including interior driveways and access to a public street, shall be paved with asphalt concrete, cement concrete pavement, grass block pavers, or pervious pavement and shall have appropriate bumper guards where needed. Paving is not required for temporary parking facilities that have obtained a temporary use permit pursuant to the requirements of Chapter 18.46A ACC, Temporary Uses; however, dust mitigation is required. Where a driveway crosses an improved public right-of-way, it shall be constructed with cement concrete. All pavement sections shall be designed to support the post-development traffic loads anticipated due to the intended use as approved by the city engineer.
1. Alternative paving systems may be provided subject to the approval of the city. The alternative must provide results equivalent to paving.
2. For parking areas serving single-family dwellings and duplexes when located on individual lots, this section shall apply:
a. Each off-street parking space shall be connected to an improved street or alley by a driveway a minimum of 11 feet in width.
b. Not more than 50 percent of the front yard or 800 square feet, whichever is smaller, can be used as off-street parking surface. For the purposes of calculating the allowable area under this section, the front yard shall be the area between the right-of-way and the portion of the single-family dwelling’s front facade farthest from the right-of-way. The width of the front yard shall extend to each side property line.
c. Driveways that exclusively serve nonrequired off-street parking spaces are also subject to the surfacing requirement.
d. Off-street vehicle parking spaces, including those for trailers, recreational vehicles, and boats on trailers, that are provided in addition to those required pursuant to Table 18.52.020 shall be paved with one of the surfaces listed above (subsection E of this section), or gravel; provided, that weeds, mud or other fine material do not work their way to the surface of the gravel; and provided, that loose gravel is contained on the subject property.
e. Boats not on trailers shall not be stored in the front yard.
F. Grades of Access Driveways. The grade of access driveways for off-street parking areas shall be subject to the driveway regulations contained in Chapter 10.04 of the engineering design standards.
G. Sidewalks or Pedestrian Walkways. Sidewalks or pedestrian walkways shall be visibly marked with differentiated pavement or other methods such as reflective/LED markers, double row of landscaping, or raised pavement.
H. Landscaping. See Chapter 18.50 ACC.
I. Lighting. See Chapter 18.55 ACC. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6657 § 2, 2017; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6231 § 7, 2009; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 5913 § 1, 2005; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
A. No person shall park any commercial vehicle on any property within the following zoning districts in the city: residential zones R-2, R-3, and R-4 and planned unit development (PUD).
B. No person shall park more than one commercial vehicle on any property within the R-1 residential zoning district in the city, and no person shall park more than two commercial vehicles on any property within the residential conservancy RC zoning district in the city. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6019 § 2, 2006.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 6071 § 5, 2007; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4304 § 1(42), 1988; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 4949. (Ord. 4688 § 2, 1994.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 6231 § 8, 2009; Ord. 5733 § 4, 2003; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in requirements of a fractional space, any fraction up to one-half shall be disregarded, and fractions of one-half or over shall require one parking space. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Stacked parking, i.e., parking one car behind another, is permitted for funeral homes, single-unit detached and middle housing dwelling units, and for designated employee parking within the R-F zone, unless the use has complied with the requirements of Table 18.52.030(7), Parking Quantity Reductions (Valet Service). (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6231 § 9, 2009; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997.)
Buildings devoted to retail trade, retail and wholesale food markets, warehouses, supply houses, wholesale and manufacturing trade, hotels, hospitals, laundry, dry cleaning establishments or other buildings where large amounts of goods are received or shipped shall provide loading and unloading space on the same premises as the building as follows:
A. Buildings of 6,000 square feet or more of floor area, one off-street loading and unloading space plus one additional off-street loading space for each 20,000 square feet of floor area;
B. Each loading space shall be not less than 10 feet in width, 25 feet in length and 14 feet in height;
C. Loading space, exclusive of driveways and/or corridors leading thereto, shall not be considered as providing off-street parking space. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Layouts and dimensions of off-street parking spaces, maneuvering aisles, driveways, driveway openings, and other related features different from those prescribed in ACC 18.52.050 may be approved by the planning director upon written findings that demonstrate:
A. The number of off-street parking spaces required by ACC 18.52.020 (unless reductions are permitted under ACC 18.52.030) are provided;
B. There is substantial reason for varying the standard; and
C. Ingress and egress is approved by the city engineer where they ensure that adequate ingress to and egress from each required off-street parking space is provided for a vehicle of the appropriate size, and that ingress to and egress from the off-street parking facility is possible with minimal disruption of traffic on the adjacent street. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011.)
Parking and Loading
This chapter establishes regulations which provide for attractive and convenient off-street parking and loading and to ensure that parking areas are compatible with surrounding land uses. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011.)
Except as otherwise provided in adopted contract rezones, development agreements, design standards and guidelines, or similar more specific process, off-street parking and loading provisions of this chapter shall apply as follows:
A. New Development. For all buildings or structures erected and all uses of land (property) established, parking and loading facilities shall be provided as required by this chapter.
B. Change in Use. When the use of any building, structure, or land is changed, increasing the intensity such that the change creates an increase of five or less parking spaces required by the change, additional off-street parking spaces need not be provided in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
1. Special Provisions for the R-F Residential Flex Zone.
a. Within the R-F residential flex zoning district, if any existing, nonresidential use is changed to another use, the requirements of this chapter shall apply in full to the new use if and only if the change in parking requirements between the old and new uses is greater than two spaces; except that if the applicant submits an alternate parking plan sufficiently justifying that the existing parking meets the needs of the new use, the planning director may authorize the satisfaction of parking through the special exception process.
b. Whenever there is a change from a residential use to a nonresidential use in an existing building within the R-F residential flex zoning district, the requirements of this chapter shall apply in full to the new use; except if the structure is being used as both a residence and business, then if the applicant submits an alternate parking plan sufficiently justifying that the parking meets the needs of both uses, the planning director may authorize the satisfaction of parking through the special exception process.
C. Modification to Existing Structures or Uses of Land. Whenever an existing building or structure is modified or uses of land are modified such that the modification would require an increase of more than five off-street parking spaces, additional off-street parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
D. Modification to Existing Parking Lots.
1. Any parking lot hereafter physically altered shall comply with all of the provisions of this chapter, except that such lot which provides five percent of its area in landscaping and the landscaping is healthy and in good maintenance shall be deemed to comply with ACC 18.50.040(C)(4).
2. For existing parking lots that are resurfaced in excess of 50 percent of their area, then at least five percent of the entire parking area shall be landscaped consistent with Chapter 18.50 ACC.
3. If existing parking lots are restriped, then the new layout of the parking spaces shall be the same as the previous layout or, if changed, then the changed layout shall conform to the existing dimensional requirements of this chapter. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6287 § 2, 2010; Ord. 6231 § 7, 2009; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Each principal use of the land, building, or structure shall provide the number of off-street parking spaces required by this section. The following standards are not applicable in the DUC, downtown urban center zone; refer to Chapter 18.29 ACC for specific requirements for that zone.
A. Parking Requirements by Land Use.
1. Minimum Number of Parking Spaces. Each land use shall provide the minimum number of off-street parking spaces required by Table 18.52.020, except where a greater number of spaces are required through a more specific approval process such as an administrative use permit or conditional use permit approval.
2. Uses Not Listed. Where a use is not listed in Table 18.52.020, the planning director shall determine the number of required parking and/or loading spaces. The planning director shall use the requirements in Table 18.52.020 as a guide in determining the number of off-street parking spaces required based on the similarity of uses or may consider a parking generation study.
B. Maximum Number of Parking Spaces. Except for required parking spaces for persons with disabilities, spaces provided in park and ride lots operated by a public transit agency, spaces for carpools, spaces for electric vehicle charging and spaces within structured parking with two or more levels, the maximum number of parking spaces for nonresidential uses shall not exceed 125 percent of the minimum spaces required by Table 18.52.020.
C. Measurement of Floor Area. In any case where Table 18.52.020 establishes a parking requirement based on floor area in square feet (for example: two spaces per 1,000 square feet (sf) of floor area), the floor area shall be construed to mean gross floor area (defined in ACC 18.04.430).
D. Use With Accessory Components. A single use with accessory components shall provide parking for the primary use, and each component. For example, a hotel with a meeting room may be required to provide the parking spaces required by Table 18.52.020 for a hotel (i.e., the guest rooms), and for a meeting room.
E. Obstruction. Removal of required parking or loading spaces from practical use by obstruction, erection of buildings, or other actions as to reduce the parking or loading capacity or usefulness thereof below the minimum requirements established in this chapter is prohibited.
F. Existing Legally Nonconforming Gravel Spaces. Up to six legally nonconforming gravel parking spaces may be used to meet off-street parking requirement for residential development.
Table 18.52.020. Off-Street Parking Requirements by Land Use
Land Use Type: | Unit of Measure: | Required Parking Rate (spaces per unit of measure):6 |
|---|---|---|
Residential Categories | ||
Single-unit detached dwelling, adult family home, home-based daycares | 2.00 | |
Middle housing (2 to 6 units) | See Chapter 18.25 ACC for middle housing parking requirements. | |
Apartments (7 or more units) | 0.50 | |
2.00 | ||
Per unit | 0.00 | |
Permanent supportive housing, transitional housing, emergency housing, and emergency shelters | Per unit | 0.00 |
Group living (includes boardinghouse) | 4 bedrooms | 1.00 |
Commercial Categories | ||
Auto sales and motorcycle, new | 1,000 sf of floor area | 2.29 |
Auto sales and motorcycle, used | 1,000 sf of floor area | 3.08 |
Each 10 children in care | 2.00 | |
Eating and drinking establishments | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 8.00 |
Food retail stores and markets | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Health and fitness clubs | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Guest room or rental unit | 1.00 | |
Mini-marts and gas stations | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Mortuaries or funeral homes | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.25 |
Motor vehicle repair and services | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 |
1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 | |
Retail commercial establishments, less than 15,000 square feet of floor area | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 |
Retail commercial establishments, greater than 15,000 square feet of floor area | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 4.00 |
1,000 square feet of floor area | 4.00 | |
Office Categories | ||
Business and professional offices | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.00 |
Medical-dental clinic; urgent care | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 3.00 |
Manufacturing Processing and Warehousing Categories (See also ACC 18.52.020(D)) | ||
All manufacturing, industrial, and processing uses, except the following: | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 1.00 |
Warehousing | 2,000 square feet of floor area | 1.00 |
Storage – Personal storage/mini-storage facilities | 1,000 square feet of floor area2 | 0.10 |
Recreation, Education, Public Assembly Categories | ||
Auditoriums, stadiums, and theaters | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.25 |
Commercial recreation facilities – Indoor, except for the following: | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Bowling alleys | Lanes | 5.00 |
Pool and billiard rooms | Table | 2.00 |
Skating rinks | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Commercial recreation facilities – Outdoor | 1,000 square feet of usable recreational area | 3.00 |
Bed | 1.75 | |
Library, museum | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 2.50 |
Meeting facility, public or private | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.25 |
Religious assembly | 25 square feet of floor space | 0.20 |
Schools (public and private) | ||
Preschool schools | Employee3 | 1.00 |
Elementary/middle schools | Teaching station | 1.20 |
Secondary (high) schools | Student | 0.40 |
College or university (including trade and business schools) | Student | 0.75 |
Studios (dance, martial arts, etc.) | 1,000 square feet of floor area | 5.00 |
Tennis/racquetball/handball or other sport courts | Court | 2.00 |
Each 300 sf of floor area for accessory uses | 1.00 | |
Recreational uses not listed elsewhere | Same as retail, based on size | |
Notes:
1Within mobile home parks, parking space shall not be allowed within the required setbacks. Guest parking shall be provided within the development: five percent of total requirement.
3There shall be two visitor-parking stalls provided for each 10 required employee stalls.
5Employee and customer parking only.
6If the rate ends in .5 and above the number of parking spaces is rounded up to the next full number to provide the total number of parking spaces required.
(Ord. 6977 § 1, 2025; Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6419 § 5, 2012; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6167 § 4, 2008; Ord. 6140 § 2, 2007; Ord. 6071 § 3, 2007; Ord. 5777 § 1, 2003; Ord. 5556 § 1, 2001; Ord. 5170 § 1, 1998; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4304 § 1(40), (41), 1988; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
A. Accessible parking spaces for the handicapped/disabled shall be provided in compliance with the International Building Code (IBC), the Federal Accessibility Guidelines, and Washington Administrative Code, as applicable. These spaces shall count towards fulfilling the off-street parking requirements of this chapter.
B. Accessible car and van parking space size shall be as follows:
1. Car parking spaces shall be eight feet (96 inches) minimum in width.
2. Van parking spaces shall be 11 feet (132 inches) minimum in width.
C. Exception. Van parking spaces shall be permitted to be eight feet (96 inches) minimum in width where the adjacent access aisle is eight feet (96 inches) minimum in width.
Table 18.52.025. Accessible Parking Spaces Required
Total Parking Spaces Provided | Minimum Number of Accessible Spaces |
|---|---|
1 to 25 | 1 |
26 to 50 | 2 |
51 to 75 | 3 |
76 to 100 | 4 |
101 to 150 | 5 |
151 to 200 | 6 |
201 to 300 | 7 |
301 to 400 | 8 |
401 to 500 | 9 |
501 to 1,000 | 2% of total |
More than 1,000 | 20, plus one for each 100 over 1,000 |
(Ord. 6977 § 1 (Exh. A), 2025; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011.)
Except within the DUC zone, reductions of the quantity of required parking may be allowed based upon the provisions in Table 18.52.030, Parking Quantity Reductions.
Table 18.52.030. Parking Quantity Reductions
1. Joint Use of Parking Facilities | A reduction in the total number of required parking spaces may be allowed when two or more uses with different peak parking demands will share a parking facility. In order for the reduction to occur the planning director must determine, based on satisfactory evidence provided by the applicant, that there is no substantial conflict in the principal operating hours and no substantial conflict in peak parking demand of the uses for which the sharing of parking is proposed. To evaluate the peak parking demand characteristics or differences in hours and/or days of operation, evidence including, but not limited to, a description of the uses and their operational characteristics, and a development plan shall be provided by the applicant and accompany the request. If approved, a binding agreement providing for the shared use of parking areas shall be executed by the parties involved, and must be filed with the city in a form approved by the planning director and be recorded. Shared parking privileges will continue in effect only as long as the agreement, binding on all parties, remains in force. Agreements must guarantee long-term availability of the parking, commensurate with the use served by the parking. If a shared parking agreement lapses or is no longer valid, then parking must be provided as otherwise required by this chapter. |
2. Reduction of Parking for a Use with Low Parking Demand | A reduction of up to 50 percent of the total number of required parking allowed for the re-use of an existing building, based on quantitative information provided by the applicant that documents the need for fewer spaces (e.g., sales receipts, documentation of customer frequency, information on parking standards required for the property land use by other cities). In order for the reduction to occur the planning director must find satisfactory evidence has been provided by the applicant. |
3. Mixed Occupancies and Shared Uses | In the case of two or more principal uses in the same building, the total requirements for off-street parking facilities shall be 75 percent of the sum of the requirements for the principal uses computed separately. In order for a use to be considered a separate principal use under the terms of this section, the uses must be physically and managerially separate in a manner which clearly sets the principal uses apart as separate businesses or operations. Various activities associated with single businesses shall not be considered separate uses. |
4. Transit Access | A reduction in the total number of required parking spaces may be reduced by 25 percent for sites located within a 1/4 mile (walking distance) of a public transit stop. A public transit stop includes but is not limited to a bus stop, commuter train stop, or park and ride lot. Applicants requesting this reduction must provide a map identifying the site and transit service schedules for all transit routes within 1/4 mile of the site. |
5. Trip Reduction Plan | A reduction of up to 25 percent in the total number of required parking spaces may be allowed for a business or other use that creates and implements a site-specific trip reduction plan and program. The trip reduction plan and program shall be reviewed and approved by the city and yearly reports shall be provided to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and ensure its continued maintenance and operation. |
6. Credit for On-Street Parking – Nonresidential | All multifamily uses and nonresidential uses located adjacent to a public right-of-way where on-street parking is permitted may receive credit for one off-street parking stall for each 22 linear feet of abutting right-of-way for parallel parking, excluding curb cuts. This provision shall be applied for on-street parking on the same side of the street as the proposed land use. All parking for employees must be provided on site. |
7. Valet Service | A reduction of up to 25 percent in the amount of required parking per Table 18.52.020 may be permitted, depending on the size and type of the use if approved by the planning director. |
8. Tree Retention | If retention of significant trees as required under ACC 18.50.045 makes it infeasible to accommodate parking required under ACC 18.52.020, required parking may be reduced, as long as all other standards in this title are met and approved by the planning director. |
(Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6071 § 4, 2007; Ord. 5556 § 1, 2001; Ord. 5170 § 1, 1998; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
All banks, savings and loan associations, food dispensing establishments, and other businesses which maintain drive-through facilities which are intended to serve customers who remain in their motor vehicles during business transactions, or are designed in such a manner that customers must leave their automobiles temporarily in a driving lane located adjacent to the facility, shall provide on-site stacking space for the stacking of motor vehicles as follows:
A. Stacking Space. The drive-through facility shall be so located that sufficient stacking space is provided to accommodate the types of motor vehicles using such facility during peak business hours of such a facility.
B. Driveway Location. The location of entrances and exits shall be determined by the city engineer.
C. Shopping Centers. When located in a shopping center, drive-through facilities shall provide sufficient stacking space to handle peak business demands and shall not in any way obstruct the normal circulation pattern of the shopping center and not unreasonably interfere with nonmotorized circulation. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Required parking areas shall be designed, constructed and maintained in compliance with this section:
A. Location of Parking. Off-street parking areas shall be located as follows:
1. Residential Parking. Residential parking shall be located on the same site as each residential dwelling unit served; except for a mixed-use development as defined by ACC 18.04.625. No required residential parking space shall occupy any unimproved area within the required front setback, or side and rear setback, except as allowed by subsection E of this section, Surfacing of Parking Areas.
2. Nonresidential Parking. Nonresidential parking shall be located on the same site as the use served, or off site. If parking is to be located off site it is subject to the following requirements:
a. The lot or area to be utilized for parking shall be legally encumbered by an easement or other appropriate means to ensure continuous use of the parking facilities following the procedure contained in Table 18.52.030(1), Joint Use of Parking Facilities.
b. Whenever required parking facilities are located off site, sidewalks, or an approved pedestrian facility, shall be provided connecting the satellite parking facility to the development being served.
B. Access to Parking. Access to parking shall be provided as follows for all parking areas other than for single-unit detached dwellings and middle housing:
1. The location, design and construction of entrances and exits from the street right-of-way shall be determined by the city engineer.
2. A commercial or industrial use shall have access driveways from the public or private street that are not intersected by a parking aisle, parking space, or another access driveway for a minimum distance of 40 feet from the street right-of-way, to provide a queuing area for vehicles entering and exiting the parking area. The city engineer may require an increase or a decrease of this as determined by criteria set forth in the engineering design standards.
C. Access to Adjacent Sites. The city may require that the design of a parking area to provide vehicle and pedestrian connections to parking areas on adjacent properties or to connect with adjoining public walkways (when a reciprocal access easement is available or can reasonably be provided).
D. Parking Stall and Aisle Dimensional Standards.
1. Minimum Dimensions. Each parking space and parking lot aisle shall comply with the minimum dimension requirements in Table 18.52.050 and further displayed in Figure 18.52.050.
Table 18.52.050. Parking Space and Drive Aisle Dimensions
Parking Stall Type (A) | Minimum Stall Dimensions | Minimum Width for Drive Aisle with Parking (D) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Width (C) | Length (B) | One-Way | Two-Way | |
Standard parallel | 8 ft. | 20 ft. | 12 ft. | 20 ft. |
Standard 45-degree | 8 ft. | 19 ft. | 15 ft. | 20 ft. |
Standard 60-degree | 8 ft. | 19 ft. | 18 ft. | 20 ft. |
Standard 90-degree | 8 ft. | 19 ft. | 20 ft. | 24 ft. |
Compact | 8 ft. | 16 ft. | 20 ft. | 22 ft. |

Figure 18.52.050. Parking Space and Drive Aisle Dimensions
2. Compact Parking. Compact spaces may be allowed within a parking lot up to a maximum of 30 percent of the total number of spaces. This maximum percentage can be increased to 50 percent when approval is obtained by the planning director following the procedures contained in ACC 18.52.135, Alternative parking layouts. Compact spaces can be clustered or dispersed throughout the parking lot. Every compact parking space created pursuant to this section shall be clearly identified as such by painting the word “COMPACT” in upper case block letters, using white paint, on the pavement within the space or through the use of signage.
3. Vehicle Overhang. Vehicular overhang of up to two feet is permitted, provided no vehicle shall overhang into a sidewalk or walkway which would reduce the unencumbered width of a sidewalk or walkway to less than four feet. A vehicle is permitted to overhang into a landscaped area by two feet; provided, that the required landscape area of trees and shrubs are not reduced in quantity and not subject to potential damage.
4. Tandem Parking. Tandem parking spaces (parking of one vehicle in front of another such that only the outer vehicle is immediately accessible) may count towards parking requirements for residential uses under ACC 18.52.020.
E. Surfacing of Parking Areas. Areas used for parking on private property, including interior driveways and access to a public street, shall be paved with asphalt concrete, cement concrete pavement, grass block pavers, or pervious pavement and shall have appropriate bumper guards where needed. Paving is not required for temporary parking facilities that have obtained a temporary use permit pursuant to the requirements of Chapter 18.46A ACC, Temporary Uses; however, dust mitigation is required. Where a driveway crosses an improved public right-of-way, it shall be constructed with cement concrete. All pavement sections shall be designed to support the post-development traffic loads anticipated due to the intended use as approved by the city engineer.
1. Alternative paving systems may be provided subject to the approval of the city. The alternative must provide results equivalent to paving.
2. For parking areas serving single-family dwellings and duplexes when located on individual lots, this section shall apply:
a. Each off-street parking space shall be connected to an improved street or alley by a driveway a minimum of 11 feet in width.
b. Not more than 50 percent of the front yard or 800 square feet, whichever is smaller, can be used as off-street parking surface. For the purposes of calculating the allowable area under this section, the front yard shall be the area between the right-of-way and the portion of the single-family dwelling’s front facade farthest from the right-of-way. The width of the front yard shall extend to each side property line.
c. Driveways that exclusively serve nonrequired off-street parking spaces are also subject to the surfacing requirement.
d. Off-street vehicle parking spaces, including those for trailers, recreational vehicles, and boats on trailers, that are provided in addition to those required pursuant to Table 18.52.020 shall be paved with one of the surfaces listed above (subsection E of this section), or gravel; provided, that weeds, mud or other fine material do not work their way to the surface of the gravel; and provided, that loose gravel is contained on the subject property.
e. Boats not on trailers shall not be stored in the front yard.
F. Grades of Access Driveways. The grade of access driveways for off-street parking areas shall be subject to the driveway regulations contained in Chapter 10.04 of the engineering design standards.
G. Sidewalks or Pedestrian Walkways. Sidewalks or pedestrian walkways shall be visibly marked with differentiated pavement or other methods such as reflective/LED markers, double row of landscaping, or raised pavement.
H. Landscaping. See Chapter 18.50 ACC.
I. Lighting. See Chapter 18.55 ACC. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6657 § 2, 2017; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6231 § 7, 2009; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 5913 § 1, 2005; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
A. No person shall park any commercial vehicle on any property within the following zoning districts in the city: residential zones R-2, R-3, and R-4 and planned unit development (PUD).
B. No person shall park more than one commercial vehicle on any property within the R-1 residential zoning district in the city, and no person shall park more than two commercial vehicles on any property within the residential conservancy RC zoning district in the city. (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6019 § 2, 2006.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 6071 § 5, 2007; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4304 § 1(42), 1988; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 4949. (Ord. 4688 § 2, 1994.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 6231 § 8, 2009; Ord. 5733 § 4, 2003; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
When units or measurements determining the number of required parking spaces result in requirements of a fractional space, any fraction up to one-half shall be disregarded, and fractions of one-half or over shall require one parking space. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Repealed by Ord. 6388. (Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Stacked parking, i.e., parking one car behind another, is permitted for funeral homes, single-unit detached and middle housing dwelling units, and for designated employee parking within the R-F zone, unless the use has complied with the requirements of Table 18.52.030(7), Parking Quantity Reductions (Valet Service). (Ord. 6959 § 1 (Exh. A), 2024; Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 6231 § 9, 2009; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997.)
Buildings devoted to retail trade, retail and wholesale food markets, warehouses, supply houses, wholesale and manufacturing trade, hotels, hospitals, laundry, dry cleaning establishments or other buildings where large amounts of goods are received or shipped shall provide loading and unloading space on the same premises as the building as follows:
A. Buildings of 6,000 square feet or more of floor area, one off-street loading and unloading space plus one additional off-street loading space for each 20,000 square feet of floor area;
B. Each loading space shall be not less than 10 feet in width, 25 feet in length and 14 feet in height;
C. Loading space, exclusive of driveways and/or corridors leading thereto, shall not be considered as providing off-street parking space. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011; Ord. 4949 § 1, 1997; Ord. 4229 § 2, 1987.)
Layouts and dimensions of off-street parking spaces, maneuvering aisles, driveways, driveway openings, and other related features different from those prescribed in ACC 18.52.050 may be approved by the planning director upon written findings that demonstrate:
A. The number of off-street parking spaces required by ACC 18.52.020 (unless reductions are permitted under ACC 18.52.030) are provided;
B. There is substantial reason for varying the standard; and
C. Ingress and egress is approved by the city engineer where they ensure that adequate ingress to and egress from each required off-street parking space is provided for a vehicle of the appropriate size, and that ingress to and egress from the off-street parking facility is possible with minimal disruption of traffic on the adjacent street. (Ord. 6388 § 1, 2011.)