The purpose of this chapter is to assure the provision and maintenance of off street parking and loading facilities in proportion to the parking and loading demand of land uses. The requirements of this chapter are intended to assure useful and attractive parking and loading facilities, to protect public safety, and to mitigate adverse land use impacts.

The requirements of this chapter are applicable to all new development requiring motor vehicle access under the provisions of this chapter. The requirements of this chapter shall not be construed to prohibit or limit other applicable provisions of this chapter, this code, and other laws.

1. Off Street Parking Required:
   Every land use established under the authority of this chapter shall have parking required by this chapter. When any building or structure is erected, enlarged or increased in capacity, or any use is established or changed, parking shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
2. Continuing Obligation To Provide Parking:
   Provision of parking as required by this chapter shall be a continuing obligation so long as a use continues which requires parking. It shall be unlawful for any owner, land use operator, or person responsible for providing parking to discontinue or dispense with required parking facilities without providing an alternate parking area which meets the requirements of this chapter.

The following provisions shall be used to calculate the total number of parking spaces required by this chapter:

1. More Than One Use On Lot:
   If a lot contains more than one use, parking spaces shall be provided in an amount equal to the total of the requirements for each use unless shared parking is permitted pursuant to this chapter.
2. Fixed Seating:
   Where seating consists of chairs, benches, pews or other forms of fixed seating, parking shall be calculated at the rate of one parking space per four (4) seats.
3. Square Foot Basis:
   Parking requirements based on square footage shall be calculated using gross floor area ("GFA") unless otherwise provided in this chapter.
4. Employee Basis:
   Parking requirements based on the number of employees shall be calculated using the largest number of persons working on any shift.
5. Use Not Listed:
   If a use and a corresponding parking standard is not listed in table 152-34-1 of subsection 152-34-10A of this chapter, the zoning administrator shall determine the number of spaces required for such use based on the nearest comparable use or a parking study as provided in subsection 152-34-9E of this chapter.

1. On Site Parking:
   Except as allowed in subsection B of this section, all required parking shall be located on the same lot as the use to which it is appurtenant and shall be located within three hundred feet (300') from the premises served.
2. Off Site Parking:
   Where practical difficulties exist in providing on site parking or if public safety or convenience, or both, would be better served by locating parking on a separate lot, the planning commission may authorize off site parking subject to the following conditions:
   1. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be located in an off site parking lot.
   2. Off site parking lots shall be located in the same or a more intensive zone which applies to the property where the use served is located.
   3. No off site parking space shall be located more than five hundred feet (500') from a public entrance of the use served, measured along the route of the shortest legal, practical walking distance. Off site parking shall not be separated from a principal use by a street right of way with a width of more than seventy two feet (72').
   4. Availability of each off site parking lot shall be assured by an agreement approved by the city which requires:
      1. The parking lot to be continuously available unless an alternative legal parking lot is provided;
      2. All spaces to be available without charge; and
      3. The zoning administrator to be notified thirty (30) days prior to the expiration or termination of the agreement.
   5. Before approving an off site parking lot, the planning commission shall find that such parking is conveniently usable without causing unreasonable:
      1. Hazard to pedestrians;
      2. Hazard to vehicular traffic;
      3. Traffic congestion;
      4. Interference with safe and convenient access to other parking areas in the vicinity;
      5. Detriment to the appropriate use of business property in the vicinity; or
      6. Detriment to any residential neighborhood.
3. Temporary Parking:
   1. Unimproved temporary parking areas shall be exempt from the landscaping and paving requirements of this chapter.
   2. The city may allow a temporary use approved pursuant to chapter 48 of this chapter to occupy or use parking areas ordinarily required for a permanent use if it is found that the temporary use will not cause a shortage in parking needed for the permanent use.
4. Prohibited Parking:
   1. Vacant lots, public rights of way, or open land areas shall not be used as parking areas for customers or employees.
   2. Overnight parking of vehicles for display other than in designated and improved areas shall be prohibited.
5. Commercial Vehicle Parking In Residential Zones:
   One commercial vehicle with a rated capacity of more than two (2) tons may be parked for not more than twenty four (24) continuous hours in any thirty (30) day period on a lot in a residential zone. Contracting and earthmoving equipment shall not be parked in a residential zone.

1. Parking Required:
   Off street parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with this section for every land use authorized by this chapter except as otherwise expressly allowed by this title. The total number of parking spaces required by this section shall be determined by summing the parking required by each of the subsections in this section.
2. Standard Parking Spaces:
   Standard parking spaces shall be provided as set forth in table 152-34-1, "Off Street Parking Schedule", in subsection 152-34-10A of this chapter.
3. Handicapped Parking Spaces:
   Parking spaces for handicapped persons shall be provided as required by the international building code and the "Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards Manual".
4. Stacking Parking Spaces:
   
   

   1.	Bank drive-through including automatic teller machines		3 per lane
   2.	Carwash:
   	a. Automatic wash accessory use		4 per bay
   	b. Automatic wash primary use		4 per bay
   	c. Self-wash		3 per bay
   3.	Gasoline pump island		1 per pump
   4.	Fast food restaurant drive-through		5 per lane

5. Off Street Loading Spaces:
   Off street loading spaces with a height clearance of fourteen feet (14') or more shall be provided for buildings used for retail, office, industrial, hospital, storage warehousing, and similar uses as follows:
   
   

   GFA Of Building		Required Number Of Loading Spaces
   3,000 - 20,000 square feet		1
   Each additional 20,000 square feet		1

6. Tandem Parking Spaces:
   Tandem parking spaces shall not qualify as required parking unless approved by the planning commission in the following instances:
   1. In multi-family dwellings with garages;
   2. In conjunction with valet parking service; or
   3. To provide one required space for a bed and breakfast, home, or residential hosting facility without specific planning commission approval.
7. Recreational Vehicle Parking:
   Adequate and accessible recreational vehicle parking storage areas shall be required in each multi-family and planned residential development project unless the premises are subject to restrictive covenants or other means limiting the parking of such vehicles.

Unless otherwise modified as provided in this chapter, parking space, bay, and related dimensions shall be as follows:

1. Parking Space Dimensions:
   Parking space and related dimensions shall be as set forth in this section and as shown on section 152-34-10, table 152-34-2 and figure 152-34-1 of this chapter.
   1. Standard parking space:
      Nine by eighteen feet (9 x 18').
   2. Carport:
      Minimum inside dimension of nine by twenty feet (9 x 20') for each parking space.
   3. Garage:
      Minimum inside dimension of ten by twenty feet (10 x 20') and minimum door width of eight feet (8') for each parking space.
   4. Handicapped parking space:
      Standard size plus four foot (4') unloading area parallel to the length of the space. Loading area may be shared with an adjacent handicapped parking space.
   5. Angle parking space:
      See section 152-34-10, table 152-34-2 and figure 152-34-1 of this chapter.
   6. Parallel parking space:
      Nine by twenty two feet (9 x 22').
   7. Loading space:
      Ten by twenty five feet (10 x 25').
   8. Stacking space:
      Ten by twenty feet (10 x 20').
   9. Where the tires of parked vehicles contact curbing, parking stall length may be reduced by two feet (2') if space is available and vehicle overhang does not block a sidewalk.
2. Driveway Dimensions:
   Minimum driveway dimensions shall be as follows:
   1. For access to five (5) or fewer spaces: Twelve feet (12').
   2. For access to six (6) or more spaces: Twelve feet (12') for one-way traffic; twenty five feet (25') for two-way traffic. Driveway width shall not exceed thirty five feet (35').

1. Parking Plans:
   Plans for any proposed parking lot shall be submitted to the zoning administrator. The plan shall clearly indicate the proposed development, including location, size, shape, design, curb cuts, lighting, landscaping and other features and appurtenances of the proposed development.
2. Access To Public Street:
   Except for parking for a single-family or two-family dwelling, access to a parking space or parking lot shall be from a parking lot aisle and not directly from a public street. Every parking lot shall have access to a public street. Such access may be provided through platted or recorded easements, reciprocal arrangements, or other guaranteed means.
3. Private Driveway:
   Parking for single-family and two-family dwellings may be accessed from a public street via a private driveway.
4. Backing Space:
   Backing space shall be provided for all parking lots so that cars will not back onto a public street. Public sidewalks shall not be used as a part of the required backing area. Separate exits shall be provided for angled and one-way parallel parking so a vehicle will not exit by backing onto a public street.
5. Curb Cuts:
   Curb cuts and driveways allowing access to a public street shall conform to the requirements of chapter 35 of this chapter.
6. Internal Circulation:
   Each parking lot shall provide for traffic circulation on the property adequate to access all parts thereof without the necessity of exiting onto a public street.
7. Landscaping:
   Parking lots shall be landscaped as provided in chapter 32 of this chapter.
8. Lighting:
   Parking lots used at night shall be adequately lighted, utilizing hooded light sources. Parking lot lights shall be arranged to reflect light away from adjoining residential premises.
9. Paving:
   Unless expressly provided otherwise in this chapter, every parking lot required by this chapter shall:
   1. Be paved with asphalt, concrete or some other all weather surfacing material;
   2. Maintained to eliminate dust or mud; and
   3. Be graded and drained to dispose of all surface water. Such surface water drainage shall not cross a public sidewalk.

1. Modification Permitted:
   The number of parking spaces required under section 152-34-6 of this chapter may be modified in accordance with the provisions in this section. The purpose of such modifications is to avoid creating unnecessary parking areas that will be essentially unused. In considering a modification, the planning commission may require a parking study to be completed as provided in subsection E of this section.
2. Shared Use Parking:
   The planning commission may authorize shared use of a parking lot subject to the following conditions:
   1. The uses sharing the parking lot are unlikely to produce a substantial demand for parking at the same time. The city may require a shared parking study to be completed which clearly establishes that uses will make use of the shared spaces at different times of the day, week, month or year.
   2. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be reduced.
   3. Ongoing shared use of the parking lot is assured by an agreement or easement approved by the city which requires:
      1. The parking lot to be continuously available unless an alternative legal parking lot is provided;
      2. All spaces to be available without charge;
      3. The zoning administrator to be notified thirty (30) days prior to the expiration or termination of the agreement or easement; and
      4. Provision of additional parking up to the amount otherwise required under this chapter if the zoning administrator determines, based on parking counts, that a shared parking lot does not satisfy the off street parking demand of the uses involved.
3. Commercial, Retail, Office, And Mixed Use Developments:
   The planning commission may modify the number of parking spaces required or allowed for commercial, retail, office, or mixed use developments after considering the following items and making a finding that adequate parking will be provided:
   1. Total number of spaces that would otherwise be required for each individual establishment in the development;
   2. Hours of operation for each business establishment located in the development, including peak business hours;
   3. Estimated tradeoff between businesses which are open when others are closed;
   4. Availability of approved on street or shared parking;
   5. Transportation alternatives, including proximity to transit stations; and
   6. Car or van pooling programs available to users of the development.
4. Multi-Family And Planned Developments:
   The planning commission may modify the total number of parking spaces required for multi-family or planned developments after considering the following items and making a finding that adequate parking will be provided:
   1. Size of housing units by number of bedrooms;
   2. Cost range of units proposed;
   3. Owner/tenant characteristics and lifestyle, i.e., singles, couples, families, professionals, retired, elderly, etc.;
   4. Examination of existing comparable parking by area or projects;
   5. Size of project;
   6. Special parking requirements for visitors and recreational vehicles;
   7. Future parking expansion capabilities;
   8. Transportation alternatives, including proximity to transit stations;
   9. Workplace relationships;
   10. Handicap requirements;
   11. Restrictive covenants; and
   12. Availability of approved on street parking for required guest parking.
5. Parking Space Study:
   When a parking space study is required for a particular use shown on table 152-34-1 in subsection 152-34-10A of this chapter, or when an applicant requests a modification in the number of parking spaces required under section 152-34-6 of this chapter, a parking study shall be provided by the applicant which recommends an adequate number of parking spaces and sets forth the basis of the recommendation.
   1. The study shall provide:
      1. Planning and traffic engineering data, including estimates of parking demand based on recommendations from the Institute of Parking Engineers;
      2. Data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same or comparable to the proposed project as indicated by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location;
      3. The source of data used to develop the study's recommendations; and
      4. The name and qualifications of the persons who prepared the study.
   2. The planning commission shall determine the required number of parking spaces after:
      1. Considering the recommendations of the parking study and any recommendations from city staff; and
      2. Making the findings required under subsection C or D of this section.

1. Off Street Parking Schedule:
   
   TABLE 152-34-1
   OFF STREET PARKING SCHEDULE
   
   

   Use Type		Minimum Standard	Notes/Additional Standard
   Agricultural uses:
   	Agricultural business	1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Agricultural processing	1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   Residential uses:
   	Assisted living facility	1 space per 5 beds
   	Boarding house	1 space per tenant
   	Dwelling, earth sheltered	2 spaces per dwelling unit
   	Dwelling, multiple-family:
   	Studio and 1 bedroom units	1.5 spaces per dwelling unit
   	2 or more bedroom units	2 spaces per dwelling unit
   	Dwelling, single-family	2 spaces per dwelling unit
   	Dwelling, single-family with accessory dwelling unit	3 spaces
   	Dwelling, temporary	2 spaces per dwelling unit
   	Dwelling, two-family	2 spaces per dwelling unit
   	Guesthouse	1 space per dwelling unit
   	Manufactured home	2 spaces per dwelling unit
   	Protective housing facility	1 space for every 4 residents, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Rehabilitation/treatment facility	0.5 space per bed
   	Residential facility for elderly or persons with a disability	1 space for every 4 residents, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Residential facility for troubled youth	1 space for every 4 residents, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Transitional housing facility	1 space for every 4 residents, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   Public and civic uses:
   	Auditorium or stadium	1 space per 6 seats of total seating capacity, plus 1 space per 100 square feet of assembly area within the main auditorium where there are no fixed seats	Each 18 inches of bench space shall be considered as 1 seat
   	Bus terminal	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	Cemetery	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	Church or place of worship	1 space per 6 seats of total seating capacity, plus 1 space per 100 square feet of assembly area within the main auditorium where there are no fixed seats	Each 18 inches of bench space shall be considered as 1 seat
   	Club or service organization	1 space per 6 seats of total seating capacity, plus 1 space per 100 square feet of assembly area within the main auditorium where there are no fixed seats	Each 18 inches of bench space shall be considered as 1 seat
   	College or university	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	Convalescent care facility	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Correctional facility	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	Cultural service	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area
   	Golf course	4 spaces per hole, plus 1 space per driving range tee	Storage area for golf carts and maintenance vehicles shall be provided
   	Government service	1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
   	Hospital	2 spaces per bed
   	Operations center	4 spaces, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Park	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	Post office	2 spaces, plus 1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area	Loading zone and storage area for mail vehicles shall be provided
   	Protective service	4 spaces, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Reception center	1 space per 6 seats of total seating capacity, plus 1 space per 100 square feet of assembly area within the main auditorium where there are no fixed seats
   	Riding academy or stable	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	School, elementary, middle, high, and vocational	1 space per employee, plus 2 spaces per classroom and 1 space for every 3 students of driving age
   	Utility, major	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   Commercial uses:
   	Agricultural sales and service	4 spaces, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift	Storage area for vehicles for sale or under repair shall be provided
   	Animal hospital	5 spaces per doctor
   	Bail bond service	2 spaces, plus 1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area
   	Bank or financial institution	2 spaces, plus 1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area	Plus stacking spaces per subsection 10-34-6D1 of this chapter
   	Bed and breakfast, home	1 space per guestroom, plus 2 spaces for host family
   	Bed and breakfast inn	1 space per guestroom, plus 2 spaces for host family/ proprietor
   	Business equipment rental and supplies	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
   	Car wash	1 space per employee	Plus stacking spaces per subsection 10-34-6D2 of this chapter
   	Club, private	1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area	10 spaces minimum
   	Construction sales and service	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area	Storage area for vehicles for sale or under repair shall be provided
   	Convenience store	1 space per 200 square feet of gross floor area	Minimum of 5 spaces
   	Daycare	4 spaces, plus 1 space per 500 square feet of gross floor area
   	Family child daycare facility	1 space for every 5 children authorized
   	Licensed family child care	1 space for every 5 children authorized
   	Family child preschool facility	1 space for every 5 children authorized
   	Family childcare facility	1 space per employee on highest employment shift, plus 1 space for every 5 children authorized
   	Funeral home	5 spaces, plus 1 space per 35 square feet of assembly room floor area
   	Garden center	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area, including outdoor display and sales area
   	Gas and fuel, storage and sales	1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Gasoline service station	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area	Plus stacking spaces per subsection 10-34-6D3 of this chapter
   	Hostel	2 spaces plus 1 space per living or sleeping unit
   	Hotel	2 spaces plus 1 space per living or sleeping unit
   	Kennel, commercial	1 space per 600 square feet of gross floor area
   	Laundry or dry cleaning, limited	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
   	Liquor store	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
   	Media service	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
   	Medical or dental laboratory	2 spaces, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Medical service	6 spaces per doctor
   	Motel	2 spaces, plus 1 space per living or sleeping unit
   	Office, general	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area	8 spaces minimum
   	Pawnshop	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area	5 spaces minimum
   	Personal care service	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Personal instruction service	0.50 space per person under maximum occupancy allowed by fire code, plus 1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Printing and copying, limited	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area	5 spaces minimum
   	Printing, general	1 space per 250 square feet of retail or office area, plus 1 space for every 500 square feet of additional building area
   	Produce stand	6 spaces	Exempt from landscaping and paving requirements
   	Recreation and entertainment, indoor:
   	Bowling alley	5 spaces per alley, plus 2 spaces per billiard table
   	Movie theater	1 space per 4 seats
   	Tennis, handball and racquetball courts	3 spaces per court
   	Other uses	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area
   	Recreation and entertainment, outdoor	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	Repair service	1 space per 250 square feet of retail or office area, plus 1 space for every 500 square feet of additional building area
   	Research service	1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Residential hosting facility	1 space per guestroom plus 2 spaces for host family
   	Restaurant, fast food	1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area	Plus stacking spaces per subsection 10-34-6D4 of this chapter
   	Restaurant, general	1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area	10 spaces minimum
   	Retail, general	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
   	Secondhand store	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area
   	Shopping center	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area, up to 500 spaces	For shopping centers containing more than 500 spaces, 1 space per 500 square feet of gross floor area
   	Tattoo establishment	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area	2 spaces minimum
   	Tavern	1 space per 100 square feet of gross floor area	10 spaces minimum
   	Transportation service	Parking study required	See subsection 10-34-9E of this chapter
   	Vehicle and equipment rental or sale	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space for every 10 vehicles displayed	4 spaces minimum
   	Vehicle and equipment repair	1 space per 250 square feet of gross floor area	4 spaces minimum; separate storage area for vehicles under repair shall be provided
   	Veterinary service	5 spaces per doctor
   	Warehouse, self-service storage	1 space per employee on highest employment shift
   	Wireless telecommunication facility	None
   Industrial uses:
   	Automobile wrecking yard Freight terminal Heavy industry Junk or salvage yard Laundry services	1 space per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area or 1 space per employee on highest shift, whichever is greater
   	Manufacturing Mineral extraction Wholesale and warehousing	1 space per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area or 1 space per employee on highest shift, whichever is greater

2. Parking Space And Aisle Dimensions:
   
   TABLE 152-34-2
   PARKING SPACE AND AISLE DIMENSIONS
   
   (In Feet)
   
   

   Dimension Factors
   	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
   Two-way aisle:
   	90°	9	18	24	9	60	60	18
   	75°	9	20.3	24	9.5	64	55	18.7
   	60°	9	20.1	24	10.4	64.2	59.8	17.9
   	45°	9	19.1	24	12.7	62.2	55.8	15.9
   One-way aisle:
   	75°	9	20.3	17	9.5	57.6	54.4	18.7
   	60°	9	20.1	15	10.4	55.2	50.8	17.9
   	45°	9	19.1	13	12.7	51.2	44.8	15.9

   
   
3. Parking Space And Aisle Illustration:
   
   FIGURE 152-34-1
   PARKING SPACE AND AISLE ILLUSTRATION