For the purpose of Titles 18 and 19 of the White City Municipal Code, certain words and terms are defined as set out in this Chapter. Words used in the present tense include the future; words in the singular number include the plural and the plural the singular, and words included herein but defined in the building code shall be construed as defined therein.

1. General terms used in Title 19 are defined as follows:
   1. "Affected Entity" means a county, municipality, local district, special service district under Title 17D, Chapter 1, Special Service District Act, school district, interlocal cooperation entity established under Title 11, Chapter 13, Interlocal Cooperation Act, specified public utility, property owner, property owners’ association, or the Utah Department of Transportation, if:
      1. The entity's services or facilities are likely to require expansion or significant modification because of an intended use of land;
      2. The entity has filed with the municipality a copy of the entity's general or long-range plan; or
      3. The entity has filed with the municipality a request for notice during the same calendar year and before the municipality provides notice to an affected entity in compliance with a requirement imposed under this Ordinance or Utah Code.
   2. “Agent” means a person with written authorization to represent a property owner.
   3. "Animal Rights" means the keeping of livestock and fowl, limited to one animal unit and their seasonal offspring for each ten thousand square feet (10,000 sq. ft.).
   4. “Animal Unit” means a proportionate combination of the following:
      1. One (1) cow, or one (1) horse, or one (1) pig, or one (1) llama, or one (1) other similar large animal.
      2. Four (4) adult sheep or feeder lambs, or two (2) alpacas (similar to llama).
      3. Two (2) goats.
      4. Ten (10) chickens, or ten (10) ducks, or ten (10) pigeons, or ten (10) similar small fowl, subject to the standards and requirements of this Title, Salt Lake County Animal Services, and Salt Lake County Health Department that ensure that domesticated fowl do not adversely impact the neighborhood surrounding the property on which the domestic fowl are kept. For regulations regarding the keeping of chickens, see Chapter 19.42.
      5. Twelve (12) rabbits, or twelve (12) similar small animals.
      6. Two (2) large birds such as ostriches, or emus, or peacocks.
      7. Four (4) turkeys.
      8. The total animal units located on a given parcel or animal operation shall be determined by adding the animal units for each animal type. For the purpose of determining compliance, said definition shall not include the unweaned offspring of any residing animal which is less than six (6) months in age.
   5. “Appeal Authority” means the same as “Land Use Hearing Officer.”
   6. “Applicant” means the person who makes formal application for a license, permit, subdivision or submits any application pursuant to Title 18 or 19 of the White City Municipal Code.
   7. "Bench Mark" means a mark affixed to a permanent or semi-permanent object along a line of survey to furnish a datum level.
   8. “Boundary Line Agreement” means an agreement to establish the location of a boundary between adjoining properties where the location of the boundary is ambiguous, uncertain, or disputed.
   9. “Buffer” means an area along the course of any watercourse or roadway or boundary line to be maintained without the disturbance of buildings or structures other than fencing, if allowed.
   10. “Business Day” means a day in which normal business operations are conducted. Saturdays, Sundays, and Holidays and days Planning and Development Services are not open are not considered business days.
   11. “Concept Plat / Drawing” means a drawing that shows the overall concept of a proposed development, as further defined in these regulations.
   12. "Conditional Use" means a land use that has unique characteristics or negative effects that may not be compatible in an area without conditions to mitigate or eliminate the detrimental impacts. A land use listed as a conditional use is a use of land for which a conditional use permit is required pursuant to this Title.
   13. “Conservation Easement” means an easement that perpetually prohibits further development or use inconsistent with, or harmful to, the enhancement, preservation, and protection of a defined area for the benefit of fish, wildlife, plants, or other similar ecosystems, or preserves such areas predominantly in their natural scenic or open condition; but which may, in the sole discretion of the [insert name of conservation easement holder], permit recreational and/or agricultural uses which do not involve significant alteration or development of the restricted area in a manner which is inconsistent with, or harmful to, the preservation and protection of the restricted area.
   14. "Council" means the municipal council, unless otherwise clearly indicated.
   15. “Culinary Water Authority” means the department, agency, or public entity with the responsibility to review and approve the feasibility of the culinary water system and sources for the subject property.
   16. "Development" means any man-made change to improved or unimproved real estate, including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations.
   17. “Development Code” means Titles 18 and 19 of the White City Municipal Code.
   18. “Development Review Committee (DRC)” means Planning and Development Services staff, in consultation with agencies contracted with the municipality for engineering, health, fire, and surveying reviews and services. Comments from other affected entities, service providers or other reviewing agencies may also be solicited as needed.
   19. "Director" means the Greater Salt Lake Municipal Services District Director of Planning and Development Services.
   20. "Dwelling" means any building or structure, or portion thereof, intended for residential use.
   21. "Dwelling Unit" means one or more rooms physically arranged so as to create an independent housekeeping establishment for occupancy by one family with separate toilets and facilities for cooking and sleeping. Buildings with more than one (1) kitchen or set of cooking facilities are considered to contain more than one (1) dwelling unit unless the additional cooking facilities are clearly accessory to a dwelling unit as determined by the development services director. Factors for determining whether cooking facilities are accessory to a dwelling unit may include but are not limited to:
       1. A building design which allows all occupants ready access to all portions of the building including cooking facilities;
       2. No portion of the building containing cooking facilities may be separated from the remaining rooms to form a separate dwelling unit; and
       3. There is only one (1) electric and/or gas meter for the building.
   22. "Easement" means the quantity of land set aside or over which a liberty, privilege or advantage in land without profit, existing distinct from the ownership of the land, is granted to the public or some particular person or part of the public.
   23. "Facility Company" means a company not regulated by the public service commission that provides a service including but not limited to cable television or telecommunications.
   24. “Family” means one of the following groups of individuals, but not more than one group at the same time:
       1. An individual living alone; or
       2. Two (2) or more people, all of whom are related to one designated occupant of the dwelling by blood, marriage, adoption, or legal guardianship and their foster children, and up to two (2) other unrelated persons who do not pay rent; or
       3. Up to four (4) related or unrelated individuals who live and cook together as a single housekeeping unit; or
       4. Two (2) unrelated individuals and any children of either of them living as a single housekeeping unit.
   25. "Good Cause" means incapacitating illness; death; lack of proper notice; unavailability due to unavoidable, unpreventable, or extenuating emergency or circumstance; if a required act causes an imminent and irreparable injury; or acts of nature adverse to performing required acts.
   26. "Graffiti" means inscriptions, drawings, paintings, or other visual defacing of buildings, structures, or natural features, without the consent of the owner thereof, and which is not otherwise authorized and permitted in municipal ordinances.
   27. “Guest” means a person paying for staying or receiving services at a bed and breakfast, hotel, motel, resort, or similar facility.
   28. "Guestroom" means a room that is designed for double occupancy by guests, for sleeping purposes.
   29. “Health Department” means the Health Department of Salt Lake County, Utah.
   30. “Inoperable Vehicle” means a vehicle that is not currently registered or licensed in the State of Utah or in another state, or which has been dismantled or wrecked to the point of being non-drivable.
   31. “Land Trust” means a private non-stock, non-profit corporation that has as its purpose the preservation.
   32. “Land Use Application” means an application required by the zoning or subdivision ordinances.
   33. “Land Use Authority” means the person, board, commission, agency, or other body designated by the White City Metro Township Council to act upon a land use application.
   34. “Land Use Decision” means any final decision of the Council, Planning Commission, or final administrative decision of the Director or other official responsible for the enforcement of zoning and subdivision regulations.
   35. “Land Use Hearing Officer” means the “Appeal Authority” created pursuant to Utah Code § 10-9a-701 to hear appeals to zoning decisions applying to the zoning ordinance as provided in Section 19.16.020 and for decisions by the Planning Commission. The Land Use Hearing Officer is also the appeal authority for subdivision appeals subject to Section 18.08.040 of the White City Municipal Code. The Land Use Hearing Officer is also charged with the powers and duties enumerated in Section 19.12.040.C.
   36. “Legal Lot of Record” means any land parcel that existed, as recorded in the Office of the Salt Lake County Recorder, with a separate property identification number as provided by the Office of the Salt Lake County Recorder and Office of the Salt Lake County Assessor, prior to December 17, 1952, and all land parcels that were legally created for the purposes of development pursuant to the applicable zoning and subdivision requirements and the laws of the State of Utah after the date of the first Subdivision Ordinance enactment.
   37. “Local Jurisdiction” means the municipality, or other political subdivision adopting this Ordinance.
   38. “Membrane Covered Frame Structure” means a non-pressurized building wherein the structure is composed of a rigid framework to support a tensioned membrane that provides the weather barrier.
   39. “Minor Local Street” means a street, existing or proposed, often of limited continuity, the primary purpose of which is to provide access to property and serve the local needs of a neighborhood. A minor local street carries low volumes of traffic at the lowest speed limits.
   40. “Monument” means a permanent survey marker established by the Salt Lake County Surveyor and/or a survey marker set in accordance with the Salt Lake County Surveyor’s specifications and referenced to Salt Lake County survey monuments.
   41. "Municipal Engineering Division" means the division or personnel hired by or contracted with the municipality to provide engineering services.
   42. "Municipal Flood Control Division" means the division or personnel hired by or contracted with the municipality to provide flood control and water quality services.
   43. “Municipal Geologist” means the personnel hired by or contracted with the municipality to provide geologic hazard review and geology services.
   44. “Natural Condition” means the topography and vegetation of the area that is unaltered by clearing and grading during construction and protected in perpetuity.
   45. "Noncomplying Structure" means a building or other structure or portion thereof lawfully constructed in compliance with the zoning ordinance existing at the time of construction, that no longer conforms to the height, area, and/or yard regulations in the zone in which it is located due to changes to the zoning ordinance or to the subsequent public acquisition of land for public improvements. A “Noncomplying Structure” may also be referred to as a “Nonconforming Structure”.
   46. "Nonconforming Use" means a use which lawfully occupied a building or land at the time the ordinance codified in this Title became effective and which does not conform with the use regulations of the zone in which it is located.
   47. “Nonconforming Lot” means a legally established lot or parcel that met the applicable area, width and other applicable requirements in effect at the time the lot or parcel was created, but which fails by reason of such adoption, revision or amendment of the zoning ordinance, to conform to the present requirements of the zone in which it is located.
   48. "Owner" includes the plural as well as the singular, and may mean either a natural person, firm, association, partnership, private corporation, public or quasi-public corporation, or any combination thereof having a majority fee simple interest in real property, or a majority interest through any other form of ownership.
   49. "Parcel of Land" means a contiguous quantity of land, in the possession of, or owned by, or recorded as the property of, the same claimant or person.
   50. “Permitted Use” means any use allowed in a zoning district and subject to the restrictions applicable to that zoning district.
   51. “Planning and Development Services or Planning and Development Services Department” means the Planning and Development Services Department of the Greater Salt Lake Municipal Services District.
   52. "Planning Commission" means the municipal planning commission.
   53. “Pre-Existing Lot” means a lot that was created prior to the adoption of this Ordinance, through a recorded subdivision plat, deed, sales contract, or survey, and a lot that met the zoning regulations in effect at the time of its creation. For the purposes of this Title, a pre-existing lot is a nonconforming lot and shall be regulated in the same manner as nonconforming lots.
   54. “Pre-Existing Structure” means a structure that was legally constructed prior to the adoption of this ordinance. For the purposes of this Title, a pre-existing structure is a nonconforming structure and shall be regulated in the same manner as nonconforming structures.
   55. “Pre-Existing Use” means a use that validly existed prior to the adoption of this Ordinance and has not been abandoned for more than one year. For the purposes of this Title, a pre-existing use is a nonconforming use and shall be regulated in the same manner as nonconforming uses.
   56. “Provisional Parking” means an area or areas within a parking lot where parking spaces which are shown on the approved parking plan are landscaped rather than paved.
   57. “Public Works Operations” means the division or personnel hired by or contracted with the municipality to provide road construction and maintenance, snow removal, and other related services.
   58. “Residential Roadway” means a public local residential road that:
       1. Will serve primarily to provide access to adjacent primarily residential areas and properties;
       2. Is designed to accommodate minimal traffic volumes or vehicle traffic;
       3. Is not identified as a supplementary to a collector or other higher system classified street in an approved municipal street or transportation master plan;
       4. Has a posted speed limit of 25 miles per hour or less;
       5. Does not have higher traffic volumes resulting from connecting previously separated areas of the municipal road network;
       6. Cannot have a primary access, but can have a secondary access, and does not abut lots intended for high volume traffic or community centers, including schools, recreation centers, sports complexes, or libraries; and
       7. Primarily serves traffic within a neighborhood or limited residential area and is necessarily continuous through several residential areas.
   59. “Road” can be used interchangeably with the word street.
   60. “Record of Survey Map” means a map of a survey of land prepared in accordance with Utah Code.
   61. “Sanitary Sewer Authority” means the department, agency, or public entity with responsibility to review and approve the feasibility of sanitary sewer services or onsite wastewater systems.
   62. “Standards and Specifications” means the construction and design requirements and standards of the municipality for the construction and installation of public infrastructure and improvements. The documents shall be approved by the Municipal Engineer and approved by Resolution of the Council.
   63. "Start of Construction" includes substantial improvement, and means the date the building permit was issued, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, placement, or other improvement was within one hundred eighty days of the permit date. The actual start means either the first placement of permanent construction of a structure on a site, such as the pouring of slabs or footings, the installation of piles, the construction of columns, or any work beyond the stage of excavation; or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation. "Permanent construction" does not include land preparation, such as clearing, grading, and filling; nor does it include the installation of streets and/or walkways; nor does it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers or foundations or the erection of temporary forms; nor does it include the installation on the property of accessory structures, such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not as part of the main structure.
   64. "Street" means a thoroughfare which has been dedicated or abandoned to the public and accepted by proper public authority, or a thoroughfare, not less than twenty-five feet wide, which has been made public by right of use and which affords the principal means of access to abutting property. Street does not include alleys or trails. May sometimes be referred to as road.
   65. “Street, Private” means an access way, other than a driveway, similar to and having substantially the same or similar function as a public street, providing access to one or more properties, but held in private ownership.
   66. "Street Light" means a raised light installed within or adjacent to the street right-of-way, turned on or lit at a certain time every night. Modern lamps may also have light-sensitive photocells to turn them on at dusk and off at sunrise or activate automatically in foul weather.
   67. "Structure" means anything constructed or erected which requires location on the ground or attached to something having a location on the ground.
   68. "Structural Alterations" means any change in supporting members of a building or structure, such as bearing walls, columns, beams, or girders.
   69. "Subdivision" means any land that is divided, resubdivided, or proposed to be divided into two or more lots or other division of land for the purpose, whether immediate or future, for offer, sale, lease, or development either on the installment plan or upon any and all other plans, terms, and conditions.
       1. "Subdivision" includes:
          1. The division or development of land, whether by deed, metes and bounds description, devise and testacy, map, plat, or other recorded instrument, regardless of whether the division includes all or a portion of a parcel or lot; and
          2. Except as provided in Subsection B, divisions of land for residential and nonresidential uses, including land used or to be used for commercial, agricultural, and industrial purposes.
       2. "Subdivision" does not include:
          1. A bona fide division or partition of agricultural land for the purpose of joining one of the resulting separate parcels to a contiguous parcel of unsubdivided agricultural land, if neither the resulting combined parcel nor the parcel remaining from the division or partition violates an applicable land use ordinance;
          2. A boundary line agreement recorded with the county recorder's office between owners of adjoining parcels adjusting the mutual boundary in accordance with Utah Code § 10-9a-524 if no new parcel is created;
          3. A recorded document, executed by the owner of record:
             1. Revising the legal descriptions of multiple parcels into one legal description encompassing all such parcels; or
             2. Joining a lot to a parcel;
             3. A boundary line agreement between owners of adjoining subdivided properties adjusting the mutual lot line boundary in accordance with Utah Code §§ 10-9a-524 and 10-9a-608, if:
                1. No new dwelling lot or housing unit will result from the adjustment; and
                2. The adjustment will not violate any applicable land use ordinance;
             4. A bona fide division of land by deed or other instrument if the deed or other instrument states in writing that the division:
                1. Is in anticipation of future land use approvals on the parcel or parcels;
                2. Does not confer any land use approvals; and
                3. Has not been approved by the land use authority;
                4. A parcel boundary adjustment;
                5. A lot line adjustment;
                6. A road, street, or highway dedication plat;
                7. A deed or easement for a road, street, or highway purpose; or
                8. Any other division of land authorized by law.
   70. "Subdivision Amendment" means an amendment to a recorded subdivision in accordance with Utah Code § 10-9a-608, that:
       1. Vacates all or a portion of the subdivision;
       2. Alters the outside boundary of the subdivision;
       3. Changes the number of lots within the subdivision;
       4. Alters a public right-of-way, a public easement, or public infrastructure within the subdivision; or
       5. Alters a common area or other common amenity within the subdivision.
   71. “Subject Property” means the land area for which an approval is required to comply with this Ordinance.
   72. "Substantial improvement" means:
       1. Any repair, reconstruction, or improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds fifty percent of the market value of the structure, either:
          1. Before the improvement or repair is started; or
          2. If the structure is damaged and is being restored, before the damage occurred.
       2. For the purpose of this definition, "substantial improvement" is considered to occur when the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of the building commences, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure.
       3. The term does not, however, include either:
          1. Any project for improvement of a structure to comply with existing state or local health, sanitary, or safety code specifications which are solely necessary to assure safe living conditions; or
          2. Any alteration of a structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places or a State Inventory of Historic Places.
   73. "Trails" means a system of public recreational pathways located within the municipality for use by the public for walking, biking and/or horseback riding as designated.
   74. "Utility Company" means a company regulated by the public service commission that provides a service including but not limited to electricity, telephone, or gas.
   75. “Utilities or Improvements” means all types of necessary utilities such as gas lines, culinary and secondary water lines, storm drainage systems, sanitary sewer systems, electrical power, cable, and telephone with all poles, wires, pipes, and structures as necessary to provide services, and surface improvements such sidewalks, curbs, gutters, and streets.
   76. “Vehicle” means a self-propelled device used for transporting persons or things, including, but not limited to, automobiles, watercraft, motorcycles, snowmobiles, and recreation vehicles. Does not include heavy machinery.
   77. "Vehicle, Commercial" means any motorized vehicle or trailer used for or intended for business use - including but not limited to the transportation of commercial equipment, merchandise, produce, freight, commodities, passengers, or animals - and which is characterized by any of the following:
       1. Heavy equipment, such as earth movers, backhoes, cranes, forklifts, bulldozers, and the like, which are commonly used for construction, excavation, demolition, or lifting;
       2. Vehicles used to haul equipment or materials, such as dump trucks, tanker trucks, semi-tractors, semi-trailers, cement trucks, or other similar vehicles;
       3. Pickup trucks over one ton with a commercial modification, such as a flat bed, a dumping mechanism, mechanical lifts or arms for loading and unloading materials/equipment, aerial buckets or platforms, or other similar feature;
       4. Vehicles with more than two axles; or
       5. Vehicles with a payload capacity of more than eight thousand five hundred (8,500) pounds.
          

1. Site Development terms used in Title 19 are defined as follows:
   1. “Active Recreation” means activities that involve inactive or less energetic activities often performed by leisurely walking or conducting small group gatherings that do not require physical activity.
   2. “Arterial Street” means a street, existing or proposed, which serves or is intended to serve as a major traffic way and which is designated on the UDOT Functional Classification Map as a controlled-access highway, limited-access road, major street, parkway or by equivalent terms suitable to identify streets comprising the basic structure of the street plan.
   3. “All Weather Surface” means a surface composed of gravel, stone, macadam, or other approved pervious material, with sufficient depth and compaction to permit vehicular traffic in extremely inclement weather.
   4. "Alley" means a public or private way which affords a secondary means of access to abutting property.
   5. "Basement" means any floor level below the first story in a building, except that a floor level in a building having only one (1) floor level shall be classified as a basement unless such floor level qualifies as a first story.
   6. “Base Density” means the original density permitted under the property’s zoning category, in dwelling units per acre.
   7. “Buildable Area” means a lot or portion thereof possessing all of the following physical characteristics:
      1. The area contains no territory having a slope of thirty percent (30%) or greater;
      2. The area contains no territory which is located in any identified floodplain or within any recognized inundation zone, mudflow zone or zone of deformation, or lands subject to earth slippage, landslide or rockfall;
      3. The engineering properties of the soil provide adequate structural support for the intended use; and
      4. The area does not possess any other recognized natural condition which renders it unsafe for building purposes.
   8. "Building" means any structure having a roof supported by columns or walls, for the housing or enclosure of persons, animals, or chattels.
   9. “Building Alteration” means any act or process that changes the architectural detail, function, or structural design of a building, including but not limited to the erection, construction, reconstruction, or removal of any building.
   10. “Building Coverage” means the maximum horizontal area within the outer perimeter of the building walls, dividers, or columns at ground level or above, whichever is the greater area, including, without limitation, courts and exterior stairways, but excluding:
       1. Uncovered decks, porches, patios, terraces, and stairways all less than thirty inches high; and
       2. The outer four feet of completely open, uncovered, cantilevered balconies having a minimum of eight feet of vertical clearance below.
   11. “Building Envelope” means the building pad, building footprint, and height restrictions, which define the maximum building area in which all development must occur. The building envelop is the area that remains for placing a structure on a site after building line, setback, side yard, height and bulk regulations are observed.
   12. “Building Facade” means the exterior of a building located above ground and generally visible from public points of view.
   13. “Building Footprint” means the total area of the foundation of a structure, or the furthest exterior wall or supporting column of the structure. Decks, porches, patios, stairways, terraces, planter boxes and balconies that are both uncovered and less than thirty feet (30’) tall, measured from the finished grade are not part of the building footprint.
   14. “Building Height” means the vertical distance above the natural grade at any point on the perimeter of the building to the highest point of the coping of a flat roof, or to the deck line of a mansard roof, or to a level midway between the level of the eaves and the highest point of pitched or hipped roofs, or to a level two-thirds of the distance from the level of the eaves to the highest point of gambrel roofs. For purposes of measuring height, the "level of the eaves" means the highest level where the plane of the roof intersects the plane of the outside wall on any side containing an eave. Buildings may be stepped to accommodate the slope of the terrain provided that each step shall be at least twelve feet in horizontal dimension. The height of each stepped building segment shall be measured separately.
   15. “Building Street Frontage” means the portion of the building directly fronting or adjacent to the street. Building Street Frontage is calculated by dividing the portion of the building at the build-to-line or within a specified distance of the build-to-line by the street frontage.
   16. “Build-to-Line” means the maximum distance a building may be setback from a property line or other designated location. The purpose of a build-to-line is to bring structures adjacent to streets and sidewalks to encourage pedestrian activity.
   17. "Collector Street" means a street which carries traffic from local streets to the Arterial Street system, including the principal entrance streets of residence development and the primary circulating streets within such a development. A collector street may have prohibited movements and the number and spacing of driveways may be controlled.
   18. "Cul-de-sac" means a minor street having one open end and being terminated at the other by a vehicular turnaround.
   19. “Dedication” means the setting aside of land by an owner for any public use for the enjoyment of the public and owned by a public agency.
   20. “Drive Approach” means an area, construction or facility, in the right of way intended to provide access for vehicles from the roadway of a public or private street to private property, including the curb radius.
   21. "Entrance" means the location of ingress to a room, building, or lot; a location of admittance.
   22. "Exit" means the location of egress from a room, building, or lot.
   23. “Fence” means any tangible barrier, latticework, screen, wall, hedge, or continuous growth of shrubs or trees with the purpose of, or having the effect of, preventing passage or view across the fence line.
   24. "Final Plat" means a plat map prepared in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance for the purpose of subdividing property. A final plat must be based on an accurate survey, and such survey marked on the ground so that streets, alleys, blocks, lots, and other divisions thereof can be identified.
   25. "Frontage" means the uninterrupted linear or curvilinear extent of a lot, abutting on a street, measured along the street right-of-way from the intersection of one side lot line to the intersection of the other side lot line. The measurement of lot frontage shall not include irregularities in the street line and, in the case of a corner lot, shall extend to the point of intersection of the rights-of-way. If a lot has frontage on more than one street, only the frontage on one street may be used to satisfy the minimum lot frontage.
   26. “Grade, Finished” means the topographic elevations where the earth meets the building, upon project completion. Excluded from this definition are window wells serving basement rooms. Also referred to as "final grade".
   27. “Grade, Natural” means the topographic elevations representing the surface of the ground prior to grading, filling, or other site alterations for a project. When natural grade is not readily apparent, an approximation of preexisting conditions using grades on adjacent sites, retaining walls, prior survey maps, etc., may be used as a reference for determining natural grade. All such grade approximations shall require the concurrence of the Director. "Grade, Natural” is also referred to as "existing grade".
   28. “Green Space” means open space maintained in a natural, undisturbed, or revegetated condition.
   29. “Guarantee” means a bond, escrow or irrevocable letter of credit given by the applicant(a) to ensure the proper installation of public infrastructure and improvements.
   30. "Intensity" means the concentration of activity, such as a combination of the number of people, cars, visitors, customers, hours of operation, outdoor advertising, etc.; also, the size of buildings or structures, the most intense being higher, longer and/or wider.
   31. "Lot" means a parcel of land occupied or proposed to be occupied by a building or buildings, together with such yards, open spaces, lot width, and lot areas as are required by this Title, having frontage upon a street or a right-of-way approved by a Land Use Hearing Officer, or upon a right-of-way not less than twenty feet wide. Except as provided in this Title, not more than one dwelling structure may occupy one lot.
   32. "Lot, Corner" means a lot abutting on two intersecting or intercepting streets, where the interior angle of intersection or interception does not exceed one hundred thirty-five degrees.
   33. “Lot, Double Fronting” means a lot having frontage on two (2) streets that are parallel or nearly so or do not intersect.
   34. "Lot, Interior" means a lot other than a corner lot.
   35. “Lot Line Adjustment” means the relocation of the property boundary line in a subdivision between two adjoining lots with the consent of the owners of record. “Lot line adjustment” does not mean a new boundary line that creates an additional lot or constitutes a subdivision or a subdivision amendment.
   36. “Lot Line, Front” means the front boundary line of a lot bordering the street.
   37. “Lot Line, Rear” means a lot line that is opposite and most distant from the front lot line. In the case of an irregular-shaped lot, the rear lot line shall be that lot line that is generally parallel to and at the maximum distance from the front lot line, having a length of at least ten feet (10').
   38. “Lot Line, Side” means any lot boundary line not a front lot line or a rear lot line.
   39. "Lot Width" means the distance between the side lot lines measured at the required front yard setback line. For a corner lot, the lot width is the distance between one of the front lot lines and the opposite side yard line at the required front yard setback line.
   40. "Main Building" means the principal building or one of the principal buildings upon a lot, or the building or one of the principal buildings housing a principal use upon a lot.
   41. "Major Local Street" means a street, existing or proposed, which serves or is intended to serve to connect minor local streets with collector streets while also providing direct access to property. A major local street has more continuity for through-traffic than a minor local street.
   42. "Marginal Access Street" means a local street, parallel and adjacent to a minor arterial or minor collector street providing access to abutting properties and protection from arterial or collector streets.
   43. “Off Street Parking” means a site or a portion of a site, devoted to the off-street parking of vehicles, including parking spaces, aisles, access drives, and landscaped areas, and providing vehicular access to a public street.
   44. "Organic Disposal Site" means a disposal site where settled or precipitated solid matter produced by water and sewage treatment processes is disposed of in compliance with the board of health requirements, using sanitary land-filling techniques, in a manner that does not create a nuisance or health hazard, that protects the environment, and will not cause a pollution source of water, air, etc.
   45. “Open Space” means an area of land or water set aside to be preserved or reserved for use by residents of the development. An expanse of lawn, trees, plants, or other natural areas. Any landscaped area of the site including: required yards, setbacks, walkways, and limited common areas. It does not include parking, driveways, or buildings with habitable space for primary uses, but may include buildings for the purpose of providing an amenity. Open space may be distributed throughout the development and need not be in a single large area. Open space may include sensitive areas, such as areas with 30% or greater slope, fault zones, floodplains, high water tables, and wetlands if they have been designed as an integral element of the project. Any additional amenity that is located on the roof of a building shall not be considered open space.
   46. "Parking Lot" means an open area, other than a street, used for parking of more than four automobiles and available for public use, whether free, for compensation, or as an accommodation for clients or customers.
   47. "Parking Space" means space within a building, lot, or parking lot for the parking or storage of one automobile.
   48. “Passive Recreation” means activities that involve inactive or less energetic activities often performed by leisurely walking or conducting small group gatherings that do not require physical activity.
   49. “Pavilion” means an open building, with no walls, used for temporary shelter from elements, may have tables or benches associated with it.
   50. "Preliminary Approval" means an approval, with or without recommended alterations, given to a preliminary plat by the Planning Commission and provides the necessary authority to proceed with the preparation and presentation of the final plat.
   51. "Preliminary Plat" means a map or plan of a proposed land division or subdivision. A drawing that shows the perimeter boundary, topography, lot layout arrangement, street layout, and other features of a proposed subdivision, as specified for a preliminary plat in the Ordinance.
   52. “Public Utility Easement” An area on a recorded plat map or other recorded document that is dedicated to the use and installation of public utility lines, mains, services, and minor facilities.
   53. “Setback” means a distance from a curb, property line, or structure within which building is prohibited.
   54. “Side Yard, Corner Lot” means a side lot line that abuts a street.
   55. “Side Yard, Interior Lot” means a side lot line that abuts a side or rear lot line of another lot.
   56. “Stall, Horse” means a division of a stable, a compartment for a horse for shelter for reasons pertinent to the health, welfare, and daily care of each animal.
   57. “Stealth Design” means the use of alternative support structures to blend or hide the communication equipment with the design, shape, or color of the structure. Examples of stealth design include field lights, clock towers, bell towers, water towers, flagpoles, windmills, monuments, etc.
   58. "Story" means that portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of the floor next above, except that the topmost story shall be that portion of a building included between the upper surface of the topmost floor and the ceiling or roof above. If the finished floor level directly above a usable or unused underfloor space is more than six feet above grade for more than fifty percent of the total perimeter or is more than twelve feet above grade at any point, such usable or unused underfloor space will be considered as a story.
   59. “Story, First” means the lowest story in a building that qualifies as a story, except that a floor level in a building having only one floor level shall be classified as a first story, provided such floor level is not more than four feet below grade for more than fifty percent of the total perimeter, or not more than eight feet below grade at any point.
   60. “Story, Half” means a story with at least two of its opposite sides situated in a sloping roof, the floor area of which does not exceed two-thirds of the floor immediately below it.
   61. “Yard” means a space on a lot, other than a court, unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground upward by buildings or structures, except as provided herein.
   62. “Yard, Front” means a space on the same lot with a building, between the front line of the building and the front lot line, and extending across the full width of the lot. The “depth” of the front yard is the minimum distance between the front lot line and the front line of the building.
   63. “Yard, Rear” means a space on the same lot with a building, between the rear line of the building and the rear lot line, and extending the full width of the lot. The “depth” of the rear yard is the minimum distance between the rear lot line and the rear line of the building.
   64. “Yard, Required” means the open space around buildings which is required by the terms of this Title.
   65. “Yard, Side” means a space on the same lot with a building, between the side line of the building and the side lot line, and extending from the front yard to the rear yard. The “width” of the side yard shall be the minimum distance between the side lot line and the side lot line of the building. See “Side Yard, Interior Lot” and “Side Yard, Corner Lot”.
       

1. Telecommunications terms used in Title 19 are defined as follows:
   1. “Amateur Radio Antenna” means a radio antenna that complies with the ruling of the Federal Communications Commission in “Amateur Radio Preemption, 101 FCC 2nd 952 (1985)” or meets the standards related to amateur radio service adopted under 47 C.F.R. Part 97.
   2. “Amateur Radio Antenna Support Structure” means a lattice or pole structure which acts as a support to the amateur radio antenna. Typical support structures are triangular or square in cross-section, crank up, or guyed, and are constructed with galvanized steel or aluminum.
   3. “Antenna” means a transducer, attached to a support structure, designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves.
   4. “Distribution system” means the portion of the system located between: (1) the service drop transformer and the distribution substation for electric service, (2) the service drop and the receive site (headend) for cable television, or (3) the service drop and the transmission system for telephone service.
   5. “Earth Station” means a communication facility that transmits and/or receives signals to and from orbiting satellite(s).
   6. “Lattice Tower” means a support structure constructed of vertical metal struts and cross braces forming a triangular or square structure that often tapers from the foundation to the top.
   7. “Service Drop” means the portion of the system located between the distribution system and wall of the building or structure occupied or intended to be occupied by a customer.
   8. “System” means all poles, towers, wires, lines, cables, conduits, pipes and accessory equipment providing service such as electricity, telephone, telegraph, cable television, gas, water, sewer, steam or petroleum including service drops, distribution system, transmission system, and accessory equipment.
   9. “Telecommunication Facilities, Wireless Communication Facilities, and Radio/TV Transmitting Towers” means facilities used for the transmission or reception of electromagnetic or electro-optic information, which is placed on a structure. Telecommunications Sites/Facilities do not include Amateur Radio equipment that complies with the ruling of the Federal Communications Commission in “Amateur Radio Preemption, 101 FCC 2nd 952 (1985)” or amateur radio service adopted under 47 C.F.R. Part 97.
   10. “Transmission System” means the portion of the system which is used to carry the service from points of generation or switching centers to distribution points such as electrical substations and equipment sites. In the case of electrical service, a transmission system is defined as carrying a voltage of forty-six (46) KV or more.
   11. “Wireless Facility” means equipment at a fixed location that enables wireless communication between user equipment and a communications network, including (a) equipment associated with wireless communication; and (ii) regardless of the technological configuration, a radio transceiver, an antenna, a coaxial or fiber-optic cable, a regular or back up power supply, or comparable equipment. Wireless Facility does not include the structure or an improvement on, under, or within which the equipment is collocated; or a coaxial or fiber-optic cable that is: between wireless structures or utility poles; not immediately adjacent to or directly associated with a particular antenna; or a wireline backhaul facility. (Utah Code§ 54-21-101)
   12. “Wireless Telecommunications Antenna” means the physical device through which electromagnetic, wireless telecommunications signals authorized by the Federal Communications Commission are transmitted or received. Antennas used by amateur radio operators are excluded from this definition.
   13. “Wireless Telecommunications Equipment Shelter” means the structure in which the electronic receiving and relay equipment for a wireless telecommunications facility is housed.
   14. “Wireless Telecommunications Site/Facility” means an unmanned structure that consists of equipment used primarily for the transmission, reception, or transfer of voice or data through radio wave or wireless transmissions. Such sites typically require the construction of transmission support structures to which antenna equipment is attached.
   15. “Wireless Telecommunications Tower” means a facility consisting of the equipment and structures involved in receiving telecommunications or radio signals from a mobile radio communications source and transmitting those signals to a central switching computer that connects the mobile unit with the land-based telephone lines.
       

1. Landscaping terminology used in Title 19 is defined as follows:
   1. “Active Recreation Area” means an area that is dedicated to active play where turf grass may be used as the playing surface. Examples of active recreation areas include sports fields, play areas, and other similar uses.
   2. “Activity Zones” means portions of the landscape designed for recreation or function, such as storage areas, fire pits, vegetable gardens, and playgrounds.
   3. “Administrative standards” means the set of rules, procedures, and requirements set forth in a landscape ordinance associated with making permit application, assembling materials for public review, meeting the requirements of the landscape ordinance, seeking approvals, enforcement, conducting site inspections, and filing reports.
   4. “Bubbler” means an irrigation head that delivers water to the root zone by “flooding” the planted area, usually measured in gallons per minute. Bubblers exhibit a trickle, umbrella or short stream pattern.
   5. “Central Open Shape” means an unobstructed area that functions as the focal point of the Localscapes and is designed in a shape that is geometric in nature.
   6. “Check Valve” means a device used in sprinkler heads or pipe to prevent water from draining out of the pipe through gravity flow.
   7. “Controller” means a device used in irrigation systems to automatically control when and how long sprinklers or drip systems operate.
   8. “Drip Emitter” means drip irrigation fittings that deliver water slowly at the root zone of the plant, usually measured in gallons per hour.
   9. “Evapotranspiration” means the quantity of water evaporated from adjacent soil surfaces and transpired by plants during a specific time, expressed in inches per day, month, or year. (See also Reference evapotranspiration rate.)
   10. “Extra-drought tolerant plant” means a plant that can survive without irrigation throughout the year once established, although supplemental water may be desirable during drought periods for improved appearance and disease resistance.
   11. “Gathering Areas” means portions of the landscape that are dedicated to congregating, such as patios, gazebos, decks, and other seating areas.
   12. “Grading Plan” means a plan that shows all finish grades, spot elevations, drainage as necessary and existing and new contours with the developed landscaped area.
   13. “Ground Cover” means material planted in such a way as to form a continuous cover over the ground that can be maintained at a height not more than twelve inches (12”).
   14. “Hardscape” means patios, decks and paths or durable landscape materials such as concrete, wood, pavers, stones, or compacted inorganic mulch. Does not include driveways and sidewalks.
   15. “Irrigation audit” means an on-site survey of the irrigation system, conduct of a catch-can test to measure system efficiency, and the generation of an irrigation schedule and recommendations to improve irrigation efficiency.
   16. “Irrigation contractor” means a person who has been certified by the Irrigation Association to install irrigation system designs, or a landscape architect, or as otherwise approved by the Public Utilities Department.
   17. “Irrigation designer” means a person who has been certified by the Irrigation Association to prepare irrigation system designs, or a landscape architect, or as otherwise approved by the Public Utilities Department.
   18. “Irrigated landscaped area” means all portions of a development site to be improved with planting and irrigation. Natural open space areas shall not be included in the irrigated landscaped area.
   19. “Irrigation Plan” means a plan showing the components of the irrigation system with water meter size, backflow prevention, precipitation rates, flow rate and operating pressure for each irrigation circuit, and identification of all irrigation equipment.
   20. “Landscape Architect” means a person who holds a professional license to practice landscape architecture in the state of Utah. Per Utah Code, licensed landscape architects, licensed architects, licensed land surveyors, and licensed engineers can professionally stamp plans that fall under the practice of landscape architecture. This includes commercial landscape and irrigation plans. The White City Metro Township has the authority to require that only a licensed landscape architect can stamp plans that fall under the practice of landscape architecture.
   21. “Landscape Designer” means a person who may or may not hold professional certificates for landscape design/architecture and cannot legally create commercial landscape plans. Landscape designers generally focus on residential design and horticultural needs of home landscapes.
   22. “Landscape Documentation Package” means the preparation of a graphic and written criteria, specifications, and detailed plans to arrange and modify the effects of natural features such as plantings, ground and water forms, circulation, walks and other features to comply with the provisions of this ordinance. The landscape documentation package shall include, at a minimum, a project data sheet, a site plan, a planting plan, an irrigation plan, construction details, and a grading plan.
   23. “Landscape Education Package” means a package of documents that is intended to inform and educate water users in the Municipality about water efficient landscapes. The package includes the principles of water efficient landscape design, a listing of water conserving plants, a listing of certified landscape designers, landscape architects, certified irrigation designers, certified irrigation contractors, an information packet about various area demonstration projects, City's water rates, billing format for water use, and the economics of installing and maintaining a water efficient landscape.
   24. “Landscaping Improvement” means landscaping that an applicant is required to install to comply with published installation and inspection specifications for public improvements that:
       1. Will be dedicated to and maintained by the municipality; or
       2. Are associated with and proximate to trail improvements that connect to planned to existing public infrastructure.
   25. “Landscape Irrigation Auditor” means a person who has been certified by the Irrigation Association to conduct a landscape irrigation audit or as otherwise approved by the Public Utilities Department.
   26. “Landscape water allowance” means, for design purposes, the upper limit of annual applied water for the established landscaped area. The landscape water allowance is based upon the local reference evapotranspiration rate, the ET adjustment factor, and the size of the landscaped area.
   27. “Landscape Zone” means a portion of the landscaped area having plants with similar water needs, areas with similar microclimate (i.e., slope, exposure, wind, etc.) and soil conditions, and areas that will be similarly irrigated. A landscape zone can be served by one irrigation valve, or a set of valves with the same schedule.
   28. “Landscaping” means any combination of living plants, such as trees, shrubs, vines, ground covers, annuals, perennials, ornamental grass, or seeding; natural features such as rock, stone, or bark chips; and structural features, including but not limited to, fountains, reflecting pools, outdoor art work, screen walls, fences or benches.
   29. “Localscapes” means a locally adaptable and environmentally sustainable urban landscape style that requires less irrigation than traditional Utah landscapes (see www.Localscapes.com).
   30. “Mulch” means any material such as rock, bark, wood chips or other materials left loose and applied to the soil.
   31. “Non-drought tolerant plant” means a plant that will require regular irrigation for adequate appearance, growth, and disease resistance.
   32. “Park Strip” means a typically narrow landscaped area located between the back-of-curb and sidewalk.
   33. “Paths” means designed routes between landscape areas and features.
   34. “Planting Bed” means areas of the landscape that consist of plants, such as trees, ornamental grasses, shrubs, perennials, and other regionally appropriate plans.
   35. “Planting Plan” means a plan that clearly and accurately identifies the type, size, and locations for new and existing trees, shrubs, planting beds, ground covers, turf areas, driveways, sidewalks, hardscape features, and fences.
   36. “Pop-up Spray Head” means a sprinkler head that sprays water through a nozzle in a fixed pattern with no rotation.
   37. “Precipitation Rate” means the depth of water applied to a given area, usually measured in inches per hour.
   38. “Pressure Regulating Valve” means a valve installed in an irrigation mainline that reduces a higher supply pressure at the inlet down to a regulated lower pressure at the outlet.
   39. “Pressure Compensating” means a drip irrigation system that compensates for fluctuating water pressure by only allowing a fixed volume of water through drip emitters.
   40. “Rain shut-off device” means a device wired to an automatic controller that shuts off the irrigation system when it rains.
   41. “Reconstructed landscaping” means any existing approved landscaping and irrigation that is removed and replaced as part of new construction.
   42. “Reference evapotranspiration rate or ET” means a standard measurement of environmental parameters that affect the water use of plants. ET is expressed in inches per day, month or year and is an estimate of the evapotranspiration of a large field of four- to five-inch tall, cool season grass that is well watered. The average growing season ET for the Sandy City area is 31.18 inches. (See also Evapotranspiration.)
   43. “Rotor Spray Head” means a sprinkler head that distributes water through a nozzle by the rotation of a gear or mechanical rotor.
   44. “Runoff” means irrigation water that is not absorbed by the soil or landscape area to which it is applied, and which flows onto other areas.
   45. “Soils report” means a report by a soils laboratory indicating soil types, soil depth, uniformity, composition, bulk density, infiltration rates, and pH for the topsoil and subsoil for a given site. The soils report also includes recommendations for soil amendments.
   46. “Spray Sprinkler” means an irrigation head that sprays water through a nozzle.
   47. “Stream Sprinkler” means an irrigation head that projects water through a gear rotor in single or multiple streams.
   48. “Total Landscaped Area” means improved areas of the property that incorporate all of the completed features of the landscape. The landscape area not include building footprints or structures, sidewalks, driveways, and other non-irrigated areas intentionally left undeveloped.
   49. “Turf” means a surface layer of earth containing mowed grass with its roots, also known as lawn.
   50. “Waste of water” includes, but is not limited to:
       1. The use of water for any purpose, including landscape irrigation, that consumes, or for which is applied substantial amounts of excess water beyond the reasonable amount required by the use, whether such excess water remains on the site, evaporates, percolates underground, goes into the sewer system, or is allowed to run into the gutter or street. Every water consumer is deemed to have under his control at all times the water lines and facilities, other than water utility facilities, through which water is being supplied and used to his premises, and to know the manner and extent of his water use and excess runoff.
       2. The excessive use, loss, or escape of water through breaks, leaks, or malfunctions in the water user's plumbing for any period of time after such escape of water should reasonably have been discovered and corrected. It shall be presumed that a period of 48 hours after the water user discovers such break, leak, or malfunction or receives notice from the City of such condition, whichever occurs first, is a reasonable time to correct such condition.
       3. Washing sidewalks, driveways, parking areas, tennis courts, patios, or other paved areas except to alleviate immediate fire, health, or safety hazards.
   51. “Water check” See Irrigation audit.
   52. “Water-Conserving Plant” means a plant that can generally survive with available rainfall once established although supplemental irrigation may be needed or desirable during spring and summer months.
   53. “Water use efficiency review” means an on-site survey and measurement of irrigation equipment and management efficiency and the generation of recommendations to improve efficiency.
   54. “Weed(s)” means any vegetation commonly referred to as a weed, or which has been designated a noxious weed by the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food. Weeds also refer to areas of lawn or landscaping that have grown to the point of seeding.
   55. “Xeriscape” means a landscaping method developed especially for arid and semiarid climates that utilizes water-conserving techniques (like the use of drought tolerant plants, mulch, and efficient irrigation).
       

1. Sign terminology used in Title 19 is defined as follows:
   1. “Address Sign” means a sign that designates the street number and/or street name for identification purposes, as designated by the United States Postal Service.
   2. “Awning” means a shelter extending from the exterior wall of a building and composed of nonrigid materials, including cloth, plastic, or other nonrigid materials, except for the supporting framework.
   3. “Awning Sign” means any sign painted on, attached to, or supported by an awning.
   4. “Balloon Sign” means a sign that is an air-inflated object, which may be of various shapes, made of flexible fabric, resting on the ground or a structure, and equipped with a portable blower motor that provides a constant flow of air into the device.
   5. “Banner” means a temporary sign composed of cloth, canvas, plastic, fabric or similar lightweight, non-rigid material that can be mounted to a structure with cord, rope, cable, or a similar method, or that may be supported by stakes in the ground. Banners do not include flags.
   6. “Billboard” means a freestanding ground sign located on industrial, commercial, or residential property if the sign is designed or intended to direct attention to a business, product, or service that is not sold, offered, or existing on the property where the sign is located (as defined in Utah Code § 10-9a-103).
   7. “Blade Sign” means the same as “Projecting Sign.”.
   8. “Canopy” means a freestanding, permanent roof-like shelter, other than an awning, that may be either freestanding or attached to an adjacent building or structure.
   9. “Canopy Sign” means a permanent sign attached to or constructed on a canopy.
   10. “Drive-Thru Facility Sign” means a freestanding sign that is located along the path or aisle utilized for a drive-through facility.
   11. “Driveway Sign” means a small permanent sign located near driveway access points and/or at the intersection of internal access drives.
   12. “Electronic Message Center” means a sign designed so that the characters, letters, or illustrations can be changed or rearranged automatically on a lamp bank or through mechanical means (e.g., electronic or digital signs).
   13. “Flag” means any sign printed or painted on cloth, plastic, canvas, or other like material with distinctive colors, patterns, or symbols attached to a pole or staff and anchored along only one edge or supported or anchored at only two corners. Flags do not include banners.
   14. “Flat Sign” means the same as “Wall Sign”.
   15. “Holiday Decorations” means signs or displays including lighting which are a non-permanent installations timed around national, state, and local holidays, religious or cultural holidays, or other holiday seasons.
   16. “Illegal Sign” means a sign that is not permitted or allowed to be established in a zone, does not meet the requirements of the zoning ordinance, and/or has not received nonconforming status. Any sign not specifically listed as a permitted or conditional use is prohibited in that zone.
   17. “Incidental Sign” means signs that are often attached to doors, windows, gas pumps, or other structures that are small in nature and typically intended to be read by a user up close, rather than from a distance by pedestrians or drivers.
   18. “Light Pole Banner” means a temporary banner or sign that is designed to be attached to a permanent light pole or other pole structure, and where the temporary sign element can be changed without modifying the permanent structure.
   19. “Limited Duration Sign” means a non-permanent sign that is displayed on private property for more than 30 days, but not intended to be displayed for an indefinite period.
   20. “Marquee Sign” means a permanent, roof-like canopy with an integral sign that extends from part or all of a building face that may or may not project over a public right-of-way.
   21. “Monument Sign” means a sign permanently affixed to the ground at its base, supported entirely by a base structure that is flush to the ground, and not mounted on a pole.
   22. “Mural” means a large picture/image (including but not limited to painted art) which is painted, constructed, or affixed directly onto a vertical building wall, which may or may not contain text, logos, and/ or symbols.
   23. “Permanent Sign” means a sign attached or affixed to a building, structure, or the ground in a manner that enables the sign to resist environmental loads, such as wind, and precludes ready removal or movement of the sign and whose intended use appears to be indefinite.
   24. “Pole Sign” means a freestanding sign that is permanently supported in a fixed location by a structure of one or more poles, posts, uprights, or braces from the ground and not supported by a building or a base structure.
   25. “Portable Sign” means a sign designed to be transported or moved and not permanently attached to the ground, a building, or other structure.
   26. “Projecting Sign” means a double-sided sign, excluding canopy and awning signs, mounted on a building such that the faces of the sign are perpendicular to the building and normal flow of traffic. It may also be referred to as a blade sign.
   27. “Roof Sign” means any sign erected upon a roof, parapet, or roof-mounted equipment structure and extending above a roof, parapet, or roof-mounted equipment structure of a building or structure.
   28. “Sidewalk or Sandwich Board Sign” means a moveable sign not secured or attached to the ground or surface upon which it is located that’s supported by its own frame. A common form of sidewalk sign may be referred to as a sandwich board sign that has the cross-sectional shape of the letter A. Sidewalk signs may also be in a form that has a cross-sectional shape of an upside-down letter T.
   29. “Sign” means any words, letters, parts of letters, figures, numerals, phrases, sentences, emblems, devices, trade names, or trademarks, by which anything is made known, such as are used to designate an individual, a firm, an association, a corporation, a profession, a business, a commodity, an event, a gathering, or product, which are visible from any public way. “Sign” also includes the sign structure supports, lighting system, and any attachments, ornaments, or other features intended to draw the attention of observers.
   30. “Sign Alteration” means a change or rearrangement in the structural part or design of a sign whether by extending on a side, by increasing in area or height, or by relocating or changing position.
   31. “Sign Area” means the area of a sign that is used for display purposes, excluding the minimum frame and supports. In computing sign area, only one side of a back-to-back or double-faced sign shall be computed when signs are parallel or diverge from a common edge by an angle of not more than ten degrees. For signs that do not have a frame or a separate background, the sign area shall be computed on the basis of the least rectangle, triangle, or circle large enough to frame the display. Sign areas in the shape of a sphere, prism, cylinder, cone, pyramid, square, cube, or other such shape shall be computed as one-half of the total surface area.
   32. “Sign Copy” means the words logos, symbols, or message displayed on a sign.
   33. “Sign Face” means an exterior display surface of a sign including non-structural trim exclusive of the supporting structure.
   34. “Sign Height” means the vertical distance above the natural grade at any point on the perimeter of the sign to the highest point of the sign structure.
   35. “Sign Maintenance” means the upkeep of signs in a safe, presentable and good condition, including the replacement of defective parts, repainting, cleaning, and other acts required for the maintenance of said sign.
   36. “Sign Setback” means the minimum distance that any portion of a sign or sign structure shall be from any street property line.
   37. “Sign Structure” means anything constructed or erected supporting a sign which requires location on or below the ground or attached to something having a location on or below the ground.
   38. “Snipe Sign” means a temporary sign illegally tacked, nailed, posted, pasted, glued, or otherwise attached to trees, poles, stakes, fences, or other objects.
   39. “Temporary Sign” means a type of non-permanent, sign that is located on private property that can be displayed for no more than thirty (30) consecutive days at one time.
   40. “Vehicle Sign” means a sign or advertising device attached to or located on a vehicle or trailer parked on a public right-of-way, public property, or parking area with access by the general public so as to be visible from a public right-of-way for the basic purpose of directing people to a business or activity.
   41. “Wall Sign” means a building-mounted sign that is either painted on, attached to, or displayed on a wall or its facing in a manner parallel to the wall surface.
   42. “Window Sign” means any sign viewable through and/or affixed in any manner to a window or exterior glass door such that it is intended to be viewable from the exterior (beyond the sidewalk immediately adjacent to the window), including signs located inside a building but visible primarily from the outside of the building. Customary displays of merchandise behind a store window are not considered signs.
       

1. Floodplain terminology used in Title 19 is defined as follows:
   1. “100-Year Flood” means a flood having a recurrence interval that has a one percent (1%)chance of being equaled or exceeded during any given year (1-percent-annual-chance flood). The terms “100-hundred-year flood” and “1-percent-annual-chance flood” are synonymous. The term does not imply that the flood will necessarily happen once every one hundred (100) years. Mandatory flood insurance requirements may apply.
   2. “100-Year Floodplain” means the area of land susceptible to being inundated due to the occurrence of a 1-percent-annual-chance flood.
   3. “500-Year Flood” means a flood having a recurrence interval that has a 0.2-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded during any given year (0.2-percent-annual-chance flood). The term does not imply that the flood will necessarily happen once every five hundred (500) years and mandatory flood insurance requirement generally does not apply.
   4. “500-Year Floodplain” means the area of land susceptible to being inundated due to the occurrence of a 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood.
   5. “Accessory Structure” means a structure that is on the same parcel of property as a principal structure. Its use is incidental to the use of the principal structure. The ownership of the accessory structure is the same owner as of the principal structure. An accessory structure is a non-residential structure of low value that is used solely for the parking of vehicles and storage of tools, materials, or equipment. No human habitation is allowed within an accessory structure.
   6. “Addition” means any improvement that expands the enclosed footprint or increases the square footage of an existing structure. This includes lateral additions added to the side, front, or rear of a structure; vertical additions added on top of a structure; and enclosures added underneath a structure.
   7. “Alluvial Fan Flooding” means flooding occurring on the surface of an alluvial fan or similar landform which originates at the apex and is characterized by high-velocity flows; active processes of erosion, sediment transport, and deposition; and unpredictable flow paths.
   8. “APEX” means a point on an alluvial fan or similar landform below which the flow path of the major stream that formed the fan becomes unpredictable and alluvial fan flooding can occur.
   9. “Appurtenant Structure” see Accessory Structure.
   10. “Area of Future-Conditions Flood Hazard” means the land area that would be inundated by the 1-percent-annual-chance (100-year) flood, based on future-conditions hydrology.
   11. “Area of Shallow Flooding” means a designated AO, AH, or VO zone on a community's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) with a one percent chance or greater annual chance of flooding to an average depth of one to three feet where a clearly defined channel does not exist, where the path of flooding is unpredictable and where velocity flow may be evident. Such flooding is characterized by ponding or sheet flow.
   12. “Area of Special Flood-Related Erosion Hazard” means the land within the municipality that is most likely to be subject to severe flood-related erosion losses. The area may be designated as Zone E on the Flood Hazard Boundary Map (FHBM). After the detailed evaluation of the special flood-related erosion hazard area, in preparation for publication of the FIRM, Zone E may be further refined.
   13. “Area of Special Flood Hazard” means the lands in the floodplain within the municipality subject to a one percent or greater chance of flooding in any given year. The area may be designated as Zone A on the Flood Hazard Boundary Map (FHBM). After detailed ratemaking has been completed in preparation for publication of the FIRM, Zone A usually is refined into Zones A, AE, AH, AO, A1-99, VO, V1-30, VE or V
   14. “Base Flood” means the flood having a one percent (1%) chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
   15. “Base Flood Elevation (BFE)” means the water surface elevation of the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event. It is the height in relation to mean sea level expected to be reached by the waters of the base flood at pertinent points in the floodplains of coastal and riverine areas. It is also the elevation shown on the FIRM and found in the accompanying Flood Insurance Study (FIS) for Zones A, AE, AH, A1-A30, AR, V1-V30, or VE that indicates the water surface elevation resulting from the flood that has a one 1-percent (%) chance of equaling or exceeding that level in any given year.
   16. “Basement” means any area of the building having its floor subgrade (below ground level) on all sides. A walkout basement that does not require a step up to grade is not considered a basement.
   17. “Best Available Data” means existing flood hazard information adopted by a community and reflected on an effective FIRM, FBFM, and/or within an FIS report; or draft or preliminary flood hazard information supplied by FEMA or from another source. Other sources may include, but are not limited to, state, other federal agencies, or local studies, the more restrictive of which would be reasonably used by the community.
   18. “Breakaway Wall” means a wall that is not part of the structural support of the building and is intended through its design and construction to collapse under specific lateral loading forces, without causing damage to the elevated portion of the building or supporting foundation system. Any walls below the lowest floor in a building in a V or VE Zone should give way under wind and water loads without causing collapse, displacement, or other damage to the elevated portion of the building of the supporting pilings or columns. Breakaway walls apply only to V or VE Zones.
   19. “Building” see Structure.
   20. “Channelization” means the artificial creation, enlargement, realignment, or alteration of a stream channel’s slope, shape, or alignment. Streambank restoration may be deemed as channelization.
   21. “Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)” means the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
   22. “Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR)” means FEMA's comment on a proposed project that would, upon construction, affect the hydrologic and/or hydraulic characteristics of a flooding source and thus result in the modification of the existing regulatory floodway, the effective BFEs, and/or the SFHA. The letter does not revise an effective map; it indicates whether the project, if built as proposed, would be recognized by FEMA.
   23. “Conditional Letter of Map Revision Based on Fill (CLOMR-F)” means FEMA's comment on a proposed structure or property. The letter does not revise an effective map; it indicates whether the project, if built as proposed, would be removed from the floodplain.
   24. “Crawlspace” means an under-floor space that has its interior floor area (finished or not) no more than four feet (’)4 from the bottom floor joist the next higher floor elevation, designed with proper openings that equalize hydrostatic pressures of flood water, and is not used for habitation.
   25. “Critical Facility” means a facility or building where even a slight chance of flooding is too great a threat. Typical critical facilities include hospitals, fire stations, police stations, schools, storage of critical records, assisted living and or other essential facilities for transportation, utilities, or communications.
   26. “Critical Feature” means an integral and readily identifiable part of a flood protection system, without which the flood protection provided by the entire system would be compromised.
   27. “Deed Restriction” means a clause in a deed that limits the future use of the property in some respect. Deed restrictions may impose a vast variety of limitations and conditions. For example, they may limit the density of buildings, dictate the types of structures that can be erected, or prevent buildings from being used for specific purposes or from being used at all.
   28. “Detached Garage” means a building that is used solely for storage of materials or vehicle parking for up to four housing occupants. If a detached garage is designed or used for habitation or conducting business, or has multiple stories, then the building is not considered a detached garage under the NFIP.
   29. “Elevated Building” means a non-basement building (i) built, in the case of a building in Zones A1-30, AE, A, A99, AO, AH, B, C, X, and D, to have the top of the elevated floor, or in the case of a building in Zones V1-30, VE, or V, to have the bottom of the lowest horizontal structure member of the elevated floor elevated above the ground level by means of pilings, columns (posts and piers), or shear walls parallel to the floor of the water and (ii) adequately anchored so as not to impair the structural integrity of the building during a flood of up to the magnitude of the base flood. In the case of Zones A1-30, AE, A, A99, AO, AH, B, C, X, and D, "elevated building" also includes a building elevated by means of fill or solid foundation perimeter walls with openings sufficient to facilitate the unimpeded movement of flood waters. In the case of Zones V1-30, VE, or V, "elevated building" also includes a building otherwise meeting the definition of "elevated building," even though the lower area is enclosed by means of breakaway walls if the breakaway walls met the standards of Section 60.3(e)(5) of the National Flood Insurance Program regulations.
   30. “Enclosure” means an enclosed walled-in area below the lowest floor of an elevated building. Enclosures below the BFE may only be used for building access, vehicle parking, and storage.
   31. “Erosion” means the process of the gradual wearing away of land masses by wind, water, or other natural agents.
   32. “Existing Construction” means structures for which the start of construction commenced before the effective date of the FIRM or before January 1, 1975, for FIRMs effective before that date. It may also be referred to as Existing Structures.
   33. “Existing Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision” means a manufactured home park or subdivision for which the construction of facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufactured homes are to be affixed (including, at a minimum, the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads) is completed before the effective date of the floodplain management regulations adopted by the municipality.
   34. “Existing Structures” see Existing Construction.
   35. “Expansion to an Existing Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision” means the preparation of additional sites by the construction of facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufacturing homes are to be affixed (including the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads).
   36. “FEMA” means the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
   37. “FHBM” means Flood Hazard Boundary Map.
   38. “Fill” means the placement of materials, such as dirt, sand, or rock to elevate a structure, property, or portion of a property above the natural elevation of the site, regardless of where the material was obtained from. The common practice of removing unsuitable material and replacing with engineered material is not considered fill if the elevations are returned to the existing conditions. Any fill placed or used prior to the area being mapped as a flood hazard area is not deemed as fill.
   39. “Flood” or “Flooding” means:
       1. A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from:
          1. The overflow of inland or tidal waters.
          2. The unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source.
          3. Mudslides (i.e., mudflows) that are proximately caused by flooding as defined in this Chapter and are akin to a river of liquid and flowing mud on the surfaces of normally dry land areas, as when earth is carried by a current of water and deposited along the path of the current.
          4. The collapse or subsidence of land along the shore of a lake or other body of water as a result of erosion or undermining caused by waves or currents of water exceeding anticipated cyclical levels or suddenly caused by an unusually high water level in a natural body of water, accompanied by a severe storm, or by an unanticipated force of nature, such as flash flood or an abnormal tidal surge, or by some similarly unusual and unforeseeable event which results in flooding as defined in this Chapter.
   40. “Flood Insurance Manual” means the document FEMA produces twice a year and is used to write flood insurance policies underwritten by the NFIP. The document contains definitions, policy rates, coverage and limitations, application and insurance policy forms.
   41. “Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)” means an official map of the municipality, on which the Federal Emergency Management Agency has delineated both the areas of special flood hazards and the risk premium zones applicable to the municipality. A FIRM that has been made available digitally is called a Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM).
   42. “Flood Insurance Study (FIS) or “Flood Elevation Study” means an examination, evaluation, and determination of flood hazards and, if appropriate, corresponding water surface elevations, or an examination, evaluation, and determination of mudslide (i.e., mudflow) and/or flood-related erosion hazards.
   43. “Floodplain Development Permit” means a community issued permit or document that is used for any development that occurs within an SFHA identified by FEMA or the municipality. It is used to address the proposed development to ensure compliance with the municipality’s ordinance.
   44. “Floodplain or Flood-Prone Area” means any land area susceptible to being inundated by water from any source whether or not identified by FEMA (see definition of Flooding).
   45. “Floodplain Management” means the operation of an overall program of corrective and preventive measures for reducing flood damage, including but not limited to emergency preparedness plans, flood control works, mitigation plans, and floodplain management regulations.
   46. “Floodplain Management Regulations” means zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, building codes, health regulations, special purpose ordinances (such as a floodplain ordinance, grading ordinance and erosion control ordinance) and other applications of police power. The term describes such state or local regulations, in any combination thereof, which provide standards for flood damage prevention and reduction.
   47. “Flood Opening” means an opening in the wall of an enclosed structure that allows floodwaters to automatically enter and exit the enclosure. Refer to FEMA Technical Bulletin 1.
   48. “Flood Protection System” means those physical structural works for which funds have been authorized, appropriated, and expended and which have been constructed specifically to modify flooding in order to reduce the extent of the area within the municipality subject to an SFHA and to reduce the depths of associated flooding. Such a system typically includes hurricane tidal barriers, dams, reservoirs, levees or dikes. These specialized, flood modifying works are those constructed in conformance with sound engineering standards. FEMA only accredits levees, both private and public, that have been certified by a professional engineer or firm in which the certification shows that the levee have met and continue to meet the minimum regulatory standards cited in Title 44, Chapter 1, Section 65.10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44 CFR 65.10).
   49. “Floodproofing” means any combination of structural and non-structural additions, changes, or adjustments to structures that reduce or eliminate flood damage to real estate or improved real property, water and sanitary facilities, structures and their contents. Floodproofing can either be accomplished in the form of dry floodproofing in which the structure is watertight below the levels that need flood protection, or wet floodproofing in permanent or contingent measures applied to a structure that prevent or provide resistance to damage from flooding, while allowing floodwaters to enter the structure or area.
   50. “Floodway” see Regulatory Floodway.
   51. “Floodway Encroachment Lines” mean the lines marking the limits of floodways on federal, state, and local flood plain maps.
   52. “Freeboard” means a factor of safety usually expressed in feet above a flood level for purposes of flood plain management. “Freeboard” tends to compensate for the many unknown factors that could contribute to flood heights greater than the height calculated for a selected size flood and floodway conditions, such as wave action, bridge openings, and the hydrological effect of urbanization of the watershed.
   53. “Functionally Dependent Use” means a development that cannot perform its intended purpose unless it is located or carried out in close proximity to water. The term includes docking facilities, port facilities that are necessary for the loading and unloading of cargo or passengers, and ship building and repair facilities. It does not include long-term storage or related manufacturing facilities.
   54. “Highest Adjacent Grade (HAG)” means the highest natural elevation of the ground surface prior to construction next to the proposed walls of a structure. In AO Zones, the highest adjacent grade is utilized by comparing the lowest floor elevation to that of the highest adjacent grade and the depth of the AO Zone.
   55. “Historic Structure” means any structure that is:
       1. Listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places (a listing maintained by the Department of Interior) or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as meeting the requirements for individual listing on the National Register;
       2. Certified or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district or a district preliminarily determined by the Secretary to qualify as a registered historic district;
       3. Individually listed on a state inventory of historic places in states with historic reservation programs that have been approved by the Secretary of the Interior; or
       4. Individually listed on a local inventory of historic places in communities with historic preservation programs that have been certified either:
          1. By an approved state program as determined by the Secretary of the Interior, or
          2. Directly by the Secretary of the Interior in states without approved programs.
   56. “Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA)” means an official amendment, by letter, to an effective FIRM. A LOMA establishes a property’s location in relation to the SFHA. It is usually issued because a property or structure has been inadvertently mapped as being in the floodplain when it is actually on natural high ground above the BFE.
   57. “Letter of Map Revision (LOMR)” means FEMA's modification or revision to an entire or portion of the effective FIRM, or Flood Boundary and Floodway Map, or both. LOMRs are generally based on the implementation of physical measures that affect the hydrologic or hydraulic characteristics of a flooding source and thus result in the modification of the existing regulatory floodway, the effective BFEs, or the SFHA.
   58. “Letter of Map Revision Based on Fill (LOMR-F)” means FEMA’s amendment, by letter, to an effective FIRM where fill was brought in or used to elevate a property, portion of property or structure above the BFE.
   59. “Levee” means a man-made structure usually an earthen embankment, designed and constructed in accordance with sound engineering practices to contain, control, or divert the flow of water so as to provide protection from temporary flooding.
   60. “Levee System” means a flood protection system that consists of a levee, or levees, and associated structures, such as closure and drainage devices, which are constructed and operated in accordance with sound engineering practices.
   61. “Lowest Adjacent Grade (LAG)” means the lowest natural elevation of the ground surface prior to construction next to the proposed walls of a structure. For an existing structure, it means the lowest point where the structure and ground touch, including but not limited to attached garages, decks, stairs, and basement windows.
   62. “Lowest Floor” means the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area (including basement). An unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure, usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access or storage, in an area other than a basement area, is not considered a building's lowest floor, provided that such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable nonelevation design requirements of this Title.
   63. “Manufactured Home” means a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built on a permanent chassis and is designed for use with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities. For floodplain management purposes, the term "manufactured home" also includes park trailers, travel trailers, and other similar vehicles placed on a site for greater than one hundred eighty (180) consecutive days. For insurance purposes the term "manufactured home" does not include park trailers, travel trailers, and other similar vehicles.
   64. “Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision” means a parcel (or contiguous parcels) of land divided into two (2)or more manufactured home lots for rent or sale.
   65. “Map” means the FHBM or the FIRM for a community issued by FEMA.
   66. “Mean Sea Level” means, for purposes of the NFIP, the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929, North American Vertical Datum (NAVD) of 1988, or other datum, to which BFEs shown on the municipality’s FIRM are referenced.
   67. “Mixed Use Structures” means structures with both a business and a residential component, but where the area used for business is less than fifty percent (50%) of the total floor area of the structure.
   68. “New Construction” means structures for which the start of construction commenced on or after the effective date of a floodplain management regulation adopted by the municipality and includes any subsequent improvements to such structures. For the purposes of determining insurance rates, structures for which the start of construction commenced on or after the effective date of an initial FIRM or after December 31, 1974, whichever is later, and includes any subsequent improvements to such structures. For floodplain management purposes, "new construction" means structures for which the start of construction commenced on or after the effective date of a floodplain management regulation adopted by the municipality and includes any subsequent improvements to such structures.
   69. “New Manufactured Home Park or Subdivision” means a manufactured home park or subdivision for which the construction of facilities for servicing the lots on which the manufactured homes are to be affixed (including at a minimum, the installation of utilities, the construction of streets, and either final site grading or the pouring of concrete pads) is completed on or after the effective date of floodplain management regulations adopted by a community.
   70. “No-Rise Certifications” means formal certifications signed and stamped by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the state, demonstrating through hydrologic and hydraulic analyses performed in accordance with standard engineering practice that a proposed development will not result in any increase (0.00 feet) in flood levels within the community during the occurrence of a base flood event.
   71. “Physical Map Revision (PMR)” is FEMA’s action whereby one (1) or more map panels are physically revised and republished.
   72. “Recreational Vehicle” means a vehicle which is:
       1. Built on a single chassis;
       2. Four hundred 400 square feet (..) or less when measured at the largest horizontal projection;
       3. Designed to be self-propelled or permanently towable by a light duty truck; and
       4. Designed primarily, not for use as a permanent dwelling but, as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal use.
   73. “Regulatory Floodway” means the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a designated height.
   74. “Riverine” means relating to, formed by, or resembling a river (including tributaries), stream, brook, creek, etcetera, which can be intermittent or perennial.
   75. “Section 1316” means to the section of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, which provides for the denial of flood insurance coverage for any property that the Administrator finds has been declared by a duly constituted State or local authority to be in violation of State or local floodplain management regulations. Section 1316 is issued for a property, not a property owner, and remains with the property even after a change of ownership.
   76. “Special Flood Hazard Area” see Area of Special Flood Hazard.
   77. “Start of Construction” means substantial improvement, and means the date the building permit was issued, provided the actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition placement, or other improvement was within one hundred eighty (180) days of the permit date. The actual start means either the first placement of permanent construction of a structure on a site, such as the pouring of slab or footings, the installation of piles, the construction of columns, or any work beyond the stage of excavation; or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation. Permanent construction does not include land preparation, such as clearing, grading, and filling; nor does it include the installation of streets and/or walkways; nor does it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers, or foundations or the erection of temporary forms; nor does it include the installation on the property of accessory structures, such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main structure. For a substantial improvement, the actual start of construction means the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of a building, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the building.
   78. “Structure for Floodplain Management Purposes” means a walled and roofed building, culvert, bridge, dam, or a gas or liquid storage tank that is principally above ground, as well as a manufactured home.
   79. “Structure” for insurance purposes means:
       1. A building with two or more outside rigid walls and a fully secured roof, which is affixed to a permanent site.
       2. A manufactured home; or
       3. A travel trailer without wheels built on a chassis and affixed to a permanent foundation, that is regulated under the municipality's floodplain management and building ordinances or laws.
       4. For insurance purposes, “structure” does not mean a recreational vehicle or a park trailer or other similar vehicle, except as described in paragraph (C) of this definition, or a gas or liquid storage tank.
   80. “Substantial Damage” means damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its pre-damaged condition would equal or exceed fifty percent (50%) of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred.
   81. “Substantial Improvement” means any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or other improvement of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds fifty percent (50%) of the market value of the structure before the start of construction of the improvement. This term includes structures which have incurred substantial damage, regardless of the actual repair work performed.
       1. The term does not, however, include:
          1. Any project for improvement of a structure to correct existing violations of state or local health, sanitary, or safety code specifications that have been identified by the local code enforcement official and are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions; or
          2. Any alteration of a historic structure, if the alteration will not preclude the structure's continued designation as a historic structure.
   82. “Variance” means a grant of relief by the municipality from the terms of a flood plain management regulation.
   83. “Violation” means the failure of a structure or other development to be fully compliant with the community's flood plain management regulations. A structure or other development without the elevation certificate, other certifications, or other evidence of compliance required in Sections 44 CFR 60.3(b)(5), (c)(4), (c)(10), (d)(3), (e)(2), (e)(4), or (e)(5) is presumed to be in violation until such time as that documentation is provided.
   84. “Water Surface Elevation” means the height, in relation to the North American Vertical Datum (NAVD) of 1988, (or other datum, where specified) of floods of various magnitudes and frequencies, such as the 1-percent-annual-chance flood event, in the flood plains of coastal or riverine areas.
   85. “Watercourse” means the channel and banks of an identifiable water in a creek, brook, stream, river, ditch, or other similar feature.
       

1. Geologic hazard terminology used in Title 19 is defined as follows:
   1. "Active Fault" means a fault displaying evidence of greater than four inches (4”) of displacement along one or more of its traces during Holocene time (about ten thousand (10,000) years ago to the present).
   2. "Avalanche" means a large mass of snow, ice, and debris in swift motion down a slope; includes both wet and dry snow avalanches.
   3. "Debris Flow" means a slurry of rock, soil, organic material, and water transported in an extremely fast and destructive flow that flows down channels and onto and across alluvial fans; includes a continuum of sedimentation events and processes including debris, flows, debris floods, mudflows, clearwater floods, and alluvial fan flooding.
   4. "Engineering Geologist" means a geologist who, through education, training, and experience, is able to conduct field investigations and interpret geologic conditions to assure that geologic factors affecting engineered works are recognized, adequately interpreted, and presented for use in engineering practice and for the protection of the public.
   5. "Engineering Geology" means the application of geological data, principles, and interpretation so that geological factors affecting planning, design, construction, and maintenance of engineered works are properly recognized and adequately interpreted.
   6. "Essential Facility" means buildings and other structures that are intended to remain operational in the event of extreme environmental loading from snow or earthquakes, including all Category II and III structures as classified in Table 1604.5 of the Building Code.
   7. "Fault" means a fracture in the earth's crust forming a boundary between rock or soil masses that have moved relative to each other (see "Active fault").
   8. "Fault Setback" means an area on either side of a fault within which construction of structures for human occupancy or critical facilities is not permitted.
   9. "Fault Scarp" means a steep slope or cliff formed by movement along a fault.
   10. "Fault Trace" means the intersection of a fault plane with the ground surface, often present as a fault scarp, or detected as a lineament on aerial photographs.
   11. "Fault Zone" means a corridor of variable width along one or more fault traces, within which deformation has occurred.
   12. "Geologic Hazard" means a surface fault rupture, liquefaction, landslide, debris flow, rockfall, avalanche, and/or other geologic processes that may present a risk to life and property.
   13. "Geologic Hazard maps" refers to the following maps showing Geologic Hazards Special Study Areas in then unincorporated Salt Lake County:
   14. "Avalanche Special Study Areas" dated March 31, 1989; and
   15. "Landslide, Debris Flow, and Rockfall Special Study Area Map" dated April 9, 2002.
   16. "Geologic Hazard Special Study Area" means a potentially hazardous area as shown on the geological hazards maps, or in other areas defined under "Applicability" (Section 19.58.030), within which hazard investigations are generally required prior to development.
   17. "Geotechnical Engineer" means a professional engineer licensed in the State of Utah whose education, training, and experience, is in the field of geotechnical engineering.
   18. "Geotechnical Engineering" means the investigation and engineering evaluation of earth materials including soil, rock and man-made materials and their interaction with earth retention systems, foundations, and other civil engineering works. The practice involves the fields of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, and earth sciences and requires knowledge of engineering laws, formulas, construction techniques, and performance evaluation of engineering.
   19. "Landslide" means a general term for the downslope movement of a mass of soil, surficial deposits or bedrock, including a continuum of processes between landslides, earthflows, mudflows, debris flows and debris avalanches, and rockfall.
   20. "Liquefaction" means a process by which certain water-saturated soils lose bearing strength because of earthquake-related ground shaking and subsequent increase of groundwater pore pressure.
   21. "Non-Buildable Area" means that portion of a site which an engineering geology report has concluded may be impacted by geologic hazards that cannot be feasibly mitigated to a safe level, and where siting of structures is not permitted.
   22. "Rockfall" means a rock, or mass of rock, newly detached from a cliff or other steep slope which moves downslope by falling, rolling, toppling, or bouncing; includes rockslides, rockfall avalanches, and talus.
   23. "Slope Stability" means the resistance of a natural or artificial slope or other inclined surface to failure by landsliding; usually assessed under both static and dynamic (earthquake induced) conditions.
   24. "Structure Designed for Human Occupancy" means any residential dwelling or other structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any human occupancy.
       

1. Uses identified in Title 19 are defined as follows:
   1. "Accessory Equipment" means the portion of the system including equipment sites, transformers, switchgear, pedestals, terminals, meters, buildings (substations), and other similar equipment that is normally installed aboveground in accordance with accepted practices of underground systems.
   2. “Accessory Structure” means a detached subordinate building or structure the appropriate use of which is subordinate and customarily incidental to the main building or to the main use of the land and which is located on the same lot or parcel of land with the main building or use. Accessory structures include detached garages or carports, garden or storage sheds, and children's playhouses, but do not involve the conduct of a business.
   3. “Accessory Dwelling Unit, Attached” means a habitable living unit attached to a primary single-family dwelling and contained on one lot for the purpose of offering a long-term rental of 30 consecutive days or longer. An “Accessory Dwelling Unit, Attached” may include an addition to the footprint of the primary dwelling.
   4. “Accessory Dwelling Unit, Detached” means a habitable living unit detached from a primary single-family dwelling and contained on one lot for the purpose of offering a long-term rental of thirty (30) consecutive days or longer.
   5. “Accessory Dwelling Unit, Internal” means an accessory dwelling unit created:
      1. Within a primary dwelling:
      2. Within the footprint of the primary dwelling at the time the internal accessory dwelling unit (IADU) was created; and
      3. For the purpose of offering a long-term rental of thirty (30) consecutive days or longer.
   6. “Accessory Outside Storage” means the accessory location of any goods, wares, merchandise, commodities, or any other item outside of a completely enclosed building for a continuous period longer than twenty-four (24) hours. The area used for outdoor storage shall not constitute more than fifteen percent (15%) of the lot area. With the exception of retail sales displays in an approved commercial area, outdoor storage shall be screened from public view by a minimum six-foot (6') high opaque fence or, when outdoor storage occurs in a front yard, side yard, or any other location within the public view, a fence or screening of a height and material determined by the Planning Commission. The presence of hazardous materials, junk, junk cars, or debris not usually appurtenant to permitted on-site uses is prohibited. "Outdoor storage" as defined herein does not include construction yards, storage yards, or other storage uses where the storage of items outside of an enclosed building is a primary characteristic of the use. See "storage yard."
   7. “Accessory Use” means a use clearly incidental and subordinate to the existing primary use and customarily related to the primary use and located on the same lot or in the same building as the primary use.
   8. “Agricultural Building” means a structure that is primarily associated with and supports agricultural use or activity but shall not be used for human occupancy and complying with the requirements of Utah Code. To qualify as an agricultural building the structure shall meet all requirements of Utah Code, and be clearly associated with and necessary to support an agricultural use or activity.
   9. “Agricultural Products Processing” means the processing of non-animal agricultural products including but not limited to the processing, cleaning, sorting, grading, packaging, or milling of products intended for human or animal consumption or use.
   10. “Agricultural Sales” means the retail or wholesale sale of agricultural or horticultural products grown or raised on site and not produced or purchased from another location for resale. This use does not include the commercial slaughtering, processing, packaging, or sale of meat, poultry and dairy, concentrated animal feeding operation, or similar uses.
   11. "Agriculture" means the tilling of the soil, the raising and harvesting of crops, horticulture, and gardening, but not including the keeping or raising of domestic animals or fowl, except household pets, and not including any agricultural industry or business such as fruit-packing plants, fur farms, animal hospitals or similar uses.
   12. “Agritourism” means a commercial enterprise linking agricultural production and/or processing with tourism in order to attract visitors onto a farm, ranch, or other agricultural business for the purposes of entertaining and/or educating the visitors and generating income for the farm, ranch, or business owner. This excludes guest ranches and other forms of overnight accommodation.
   13. “Airport/Heliport” means an area used for the landing and takeoff of both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters and buildings, structures, or other facilities associated with these activities, including taxiways, aircraft storage and tie-down areas, hangars, servicing, and passenger and freight terminals and used by commercial, private, or military aircraft.
   14. “Animal Control or Rescue Facility” means a location, with buildings, structures, and holding facilities necessary to provide temporary housing and food for animals (primarily pets or companion animals) from abusive homes or homeless situations, rehabilitation (if the animal has health or behavior problems), or for treatment if the animal requires veterinary care. This may include publicly licensed facilities to detain and/or dispose of stray dogs, cats, and other animals.
   15. “Animal Feeding Operation” means a facility that confines, feeds, and maintains domestic livestock in either an open or enclosed lot or space for a total of forty five (45) days or more in any twelve (12)-month period. The area(s) where the livestock are confined does not sustain crops, vegetation, forage growth, or post-harvest residues in the normal growing season. An AFO may also be a Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (“CAFO,” see CAFO). An AFO may be subject to the requirements of the Utah Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (UPDES).
   16. “Animal Hospital or Clinic” means facilities for the diagnosis, treatment, and hospitalization of domesticated animals in indoor holding facilities but does not include any outdoor holding or boarding facilities.
   17. “Animal Hospital or Clinic with Outdoor Holding Facilities” means facilities for the diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization, and boarding of animals (including large animals) that may include indoor and/or outdoor holding and boarding facilities.
   18. “Apiary” means the assembly of one or more colonies of bees at a single location. For regulations regarding the keeping of bees, see Chapter 19.42 of this Title.
   19. “Assembly Use” means a business where finished parts are assembled to develop a final product. These uses include computer and electronics assembly, and similar uses, but do not include vehicle or manufacturing type uses.
   20. “Assisted Living Facility” means either: (i) a Type I Assisted Living Facility, which is a residential facility that supports activities of daily living and social care to two or more residents who require protected living arrangements and are sufficiently mobile to exit the facility without the assistance of another person; or (ii) a Type II Assisted Living Facility, which is a residential facility with a home-like setting that provides an array of coordinated supportive personal and health care services available twenty-four (24) hours per day to residents who have been assessed under Utah Department of Health and Human Services rules to need any of these services.
   21. “Athletic Clubs” means an indoor establishment that provides aerobic exercises, weightlifting, bodybuilding, running, exercise equipment, game courts, swimming facilities, saunas, spas, showers, and lockers. See “Recreation Facility, Commercial” and “Recreation Facility, Private”.
   22. “Bank” means the same as “Financial Institution.”
   23. “Bar” means a commercial establishment open to the general public which sells and serves intoxicating beverages for consumption on the premises, subject to the Utah Alcoholic Beverage Control Act.
   24. “Bed and Breakfast” means dwellings in which two (2) or more rooms are rented out by the day, offering overnight lodging to travelers, and where one or more meals are provided by the host family, the price of which is included in the room rate.
   25. “Breweries and Distilleries in association with a Restaurant” means a business which conducts the retail sale of beer or liquor which is brewed or distilled on the premises in compliance with applicable state and federal laws. Such establishments may also include restaurants as an accessory use.
   26. “Breweries and Distilleries, Industrial” means an industrial use that brews ales, beers, meads, and/or similar beverages on site. Industrial breweries and distilleries are engaged predominantly in manufacturing and do not include a bar or restaurant. Industrial breweries and distilleries may include incidental retail sales when permitted by the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Services.
   27. "Boardinghouse" means a building with not more than five guestrooms, where, as compensation, meals are provided for at least five but not more than fifteen persons.
   28. “Campground” means a public area designated by a public agency for camping, or a private area licensed by the local governing body for camping. “Campground” also includes any lot or parcel of land upon which two or more sites are located, established, or maintained for occupancy by recreational vehicles for a fee as temporary living quarters for recreation or vacation purposes. This may include accessory facilities such as kitchens, pavilions, playgrounds, or storage for recreation equipment.
   29. “Camping” means the use of any tent, trailer, lean-to, teepee, recreational vehicle, or similar non-permanent structure or vehicle for temporary living quarters for residential, recreation, education, or vacation purposes.
   30. "Canopy" means a roofed structure supported by a building and/or supports extending to the ground directly underneath the canopy and providing a protective shield for service-station pump islands and walkways.
   31. “Car and Light Truck Wash” means a facility with machine or hand-operated facilities used principally for the cleaning, washing, polishing, or waxing of automobiles and light trucks. A car and truck wash may be able to accommodate more than one vehicle at a time.
   32. "Carport" means a private garage not completely enclosed by walls or doors. For the purposes of this Title, a carport shall be subject to all of the regulations prescribed for a private garage.
   33. “Cemetery” means land used or dedicated to the burial of the dead, including crematoriums, mausoleums, necessary sales, and maintenance facilities.
   34. “Check Cashing” means cashing a check for consideration or extending a deferred deposit loan and shall include any other similar types of businesses licensed by the State pursuant to the Check Cashing Registration Act. Check cashing does not include the activities of depository institutions or persons who cash a check in a transaction that is incidental to the retail sale of goods or services for consideration that does not exceed the greater of one percent of the amount of the check or three dollars.
   35. “Child Care” means the provision, day or night, of supplemental parental care, instruction, and supervision for a non-related child or children, on a regular basis, and for less than twenty-four (24) hours a day. The term does not include babysitting services of a casual, non-recurring nature, or in the child’s own home or cooperative, or reciprocative child care by a group of parents in their respective domiciles.
   36. “Child Care Center” means a facility, operated by a person qualified and licensed by the State of Utah, which provides children with daycare and/or preschool instruction as a commercial business and complying with all applicable state standards and licensing and having regularly scheduled, ongoing enrollment for direct or indirect compensation that provides childcare for less than twenty-four (24) hours per day. “Commercial Daycare Facilities” excludes the following:
       1. Kindergartens or nursery schools or other daytime programs operated by public or private elementary or secondary schools or institutions of higher learning;
       2. Facilities operated in connection with a fitness center, shopping center, or other activity where children are cared for temporarily while parents or custodians of the children are occupied on the premises or are in the immediate vicinity and readily available; or
       3. Special activities or programs, including athletics, crafts instruction, and similar activities, are conducted on a periodic basis by civic, charitable, private, or governmental organizations.
   37. “Child Care, Licensed Family” means the provision of childcare for sixteen or fewer children, including the provider’s children who are under the age of thirteen, in the home where the caregiver resides, in the absence of a child’s parents, for four (4) or more hours but less than twenty-four (24) hours, on a regularly scheduled, ongoing basis. A “Child Care, Licensed Family” is subject to licensing by the Utah Department of Health and Human Services.
   38. “Child Care, Residential” means the provision of childcare for eight or fewer children, including the provider’s children, who are under the age of thirteen, in the home where the caregiver resides, in the absence of a child’s parents, for less than twenty-four (24) hours, on a regularly scheduled, ongoing basis. A “Child Care, Residential” is subject to licensing by the Utah Department of Health and Human Services.
   39. “Church, Synagogue, Mosque, Temple, Cathedral, or Other Religious Buildings” means a building, with accessory structures and uses, where persons regularly assemble for religious purposes and related social events and which building, with accessory structures and uses, is maintained and controlled by a religious body organized to sustain religious ceremonies and purposes.
   40. “Club” means a building used, occupied, and operated by an organized association of persons for social, fraternal, religious, or patriotic purposes, whose activities are confined to the members and their guests, but shall not include any organization, group, or association, of which the principal activity is to render a service usually and ordinarily carried on as a business. A club may also be a bar, subject to the Utah Alcoholic Beverage Control Act.
   41. “Cluster Subdivision” means a subdivision in which the lot sizes are reduced below those normally required in the zoning district in which the development is located, in return for the provision of permanent open space.
   42. “Commercial Plant Nursery” means a business where young plants or trees are raised for experimental horticultural purposes, for transplanting, or for sale.
   43. "Commercial Recreation" means recreational facilities operated as a business and open to the general public for a fee, such as golf driving ranges and baseball batting ranges.
   44. “Community Garden” means the production of a harvestable product, planted, grown, and cultivated in the soil by an identifiable group of community members. Includes products grown and managed by a community or neighborhood organization for local consumption or sale.
   45. “Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation” means an Animal Feeding Operation (AFO) is a “Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation” (“CAFO”) if it meets the regulatory definition of CAFO or if it is designated as a CAFO by the State of Utah. A CAFO is defined in 40 CFR 122.23 Appendix B as “an animal feeding operation where more than one thousand (1,000) ‘animal units’ (as defined by the regulation) are confined at the location; or more than three hundred (300) animal units are confined at the facility and either one of the following conditions are met: pollutants are discharged into navigable waters through a man-made ditch, flushing system or other similar man-made devices; or pollutants are discharged directly into waters of the United States which originate outside of and pass over, across, or through the facility or otherwise come into direct contact with the animals confined in the operation.” (“Animal unit, for the purposes of an AFO being designated as a CAFO by the State of Utah,” means a unit of measurement for any animal feeding operation calculated as per the Utah Administrative Code (UAC) R317-8-3.5 and used to determine if an operation meets the definition of a concentrated animal feeding operation). A CAFO is subject to the requirements of the Utah Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (UPDES).
   46. “Contractor’s Office” means A facility providing building construction and maintenance, including carpentry, plumbing, roofing, electrical, air conditioning, and heating, within a fully enclosed building, and that may include the open storage of associated building materials, equipment, or vehicles.
   47. “Contractor’s Storage Yard” means the same as “Storage Yard”.
   48. "Corral" means a space, other than a building, less than one acre in area or less than one hundred feet in width, used for the confinement of animals.
   49. “Correctional Facility” means any facility operated by or contracting with the Department of Corrections to house offenders in either a secure or non-secure setting; which includes any facility operated by a municipality or a county to house or detain criminal offenders, any juvenile detention facility, and any building or grounds appurtenant to the facility or lands granted to the state, municipality, or county for use as a correctional facility.
   50. "Court" means an occupied space on a lot, other than a yard, designed to be partially surrounded by group dwellings.
   51. “Crematorium” means a building that contains cremation chambers and a holding facility for human or pet remains, and which may receive remains from funeral establishments.
   52. "Critical Infrastructure Materials" means sand, gravel, or rock aggregate.
   53. "Critical Infrastructure Materials Operations" means the extraction, excavation, processing, or reprocessing of critical infrastructure materials.
   54. "Critical Infrastructure Materials Operator" means a natural person, corporation, association, partnership, receiver, trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, fiduciary, agent, or other organization or representative, either public or private, including a successor, assign, affiliate, subsidiary, and related parent company, that:
       1. Owns, controls, or manages a critical infrastructure materials operations; and
       2. Has produced commercial quantities of critical infrastructure materials from the critical infrastructure materials operations.
   55. "Dairy" means a commercial establishment for the manufacture or processing of dairy products.
   56. “Drive-Thru and Drive-Up Facilities” means an establishment designed or operated to provide drive-through or drive-up service to patrons remaining in vehicles. “Drive-Thru and Drive-Up Facilities” may include other forms of service, such as conventional seating.
   57. “Duplex” means the same as “Dwelling, Two Family.”
   58. “Dwelling, Manufactured Home” means a transportable factory-built housing unit constructed on or after June 15, 1976, according to the HUD Code, in one or more sections, that: (a) in the traveling mode, is eight (8) body feet or more in width or forty (40) body feet or more in length, or when erected on site, is four hundred square feet (400 sq. ft.) or more; and (b) is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems. A manufactured home shall be attached to a permanent foundation in accordance with plans providing for vertical loads, uplift, lateral forces, and frost protection in compliance with White City Metro Township’s Building Code, as adopted. All appendages, including carports, garages, storage buildings, additions, or alterations shall be built in compliance with White City Metro Township’s Building Code, as adopted.
   59. “Dwelling, Mobile Home” means a transportable factory-built housing unit built prior to June 15, 1976, in accordance with a state mobile home code that existed prior to the HUD Code. HUD Code means the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 5401 et seq.
   60. “Dwelling, Modular Unit” means a structure: (a) built from sections that are manufactured in accordance with the State Construction Code and transported to a building site; and (b) the purpose of which is for human habitation, occupancy, or use.
   61. “Dwelling, Multiple Family” means a building containing five (5) or more residential dwelling units.
   62. “Dwelling, Single-Family” means a building containing one (1) residential dwelling unit.
   63. “Dwelling, Single-Family Attached” A residential structure designed to house a single-family unit from the lowest level to roof, with a private outside entrance, but not necessarily occupying a private lot, and sharing a common wall adjoining dwelling units.
   64. “Dwelling, Three- and Four-Family (3-plex and 4-plex)” means a building containing three (3) or four (4) residential dwelling units, each unit designed to be occupied by one (1) family.
   65. “Dwelling, Two Family” means a building containing two (2) residential dwelling units.
   66. “Dwelling group” means a group of two (2) or more dwellings located on a parcel of land in one(1) ownership and having any yard or court in common.
   67. “Educational Facility” means: (i) a school district's building at which pupils assemble to receive instruction in a program for any combination of grades from preschool through grade 12, including kindergarten and programs for children with disabilities; (ii) a structure or facility: (A) located on the same property as a building described in Subsection (12)(a)(i); and (B) used in support of the use of that building; and (iii) a building to provide office and related space to a school district's administrative personnel; and (b) does not include: (i) land or a structure, including land or a structure for inventory storage, equipment storage, food processing or preparing, vehicle storage or maintenance, or similar use that is: (A) not located on the same property as a building described in Subsection (12)(a)(i); and (B) used in support of the purposes of a building described in Subsection (12)(a)(i); or (ii) a therapeutic school.
   68. “Educational Facility with Residential Accommodation” means an educational facility with living accommodations for students or staff, such as universities, colleges, boarding schools, and seminaries. Educational facility includes public and private schools (PreK-12) designed for educational activities with a curriculum for technical or vocational training, pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, elementary, secondary, or higher education and recognized as an educational institution by the State of Utah Board of Education, the State of Utah Board of Higher Education, or the State Board of Regents.
   69. "Family Food Production” means the keeping of not more than two cows, two sheep, two goats, twenty rabbits, fifty chickens, fifty pheasants, ten ducks, ten turkeys, ten geese, and twenty pigeons; provided that not more than three of the above-listed kinds of animals and fowl are permitted at any one time on any lot in zones where family food production may be a permitted or conditional use.
   70. “Farm Products” means fruits, vegetables, mushrooms, herbs, nuts, shell eggs, honey or other bee products, flowers, nursery stock, livestock food products (including meat, milk, cheese and other dairy products), and fish.
   71. “Farmers’ Market” means an outdoor market open to the public, operated by a governmental agency, a nonprofit corporation, or one or more producers, at which (a) at least 75 percent of the products sold are farm products or value-added farm products and (b) at least 75 percent of the vendors regularly participating during the market’s hours of operation are producers, or family members or employees of producers.
   72. “Financial Institution” means a trust company, savings bank, industrial bank, savings and loan association, building and loan association, commercial bank, credit union, federal association, investment company, or other business association—which is chartered under federal or state law—solicits, receives, or accepts money or its equivalent on deposit and loans money as a regular business. “Financial institutions” does not include “check cashing", "pawn shops” or other similar uses.
   73. “Financial Institutions, Nondepository” means establishments that are primarily engaged in short term lending, such as title loans, check cashing, deferred deposit loan, or similar type of businesses.
   74. “Fireworks Stand” means a type of temporary use that sells fireworks or explosives defined and regulated under the Utah Fire Prevention and Fireworks Act.
   75. “Food Cart” means a cart:
       1. That is not motorized; and
       2. That a vendor, standing outside the frame of the cart, uses to prepare, sell, or serve food or beverages for immediate human consumption.
   76. “Food Truck” means:
       1. A fully encased food service establishment:
          1. On a motor vehicle or on a trailer that a motor vehicle pulls to transport; and
          2. From which a food truck vendor, standing within the frame of the vehicle, prepares, cooks, sells, or serves food or beverages for immediate human consumption;
       2. A food cart; or
       3. An ice cream truck.
   77. “Freight Service” means an establishment primarily engaged in undertaking the transportation or transferring of goods, merchandise, materials, and commodities of any kind for compensation, and which may in turn make use of other transportation establishments in effecting delivery.
   78. “Garage, Private” means a detached accessory structure or portion of a main building designed for the parking or temporary storage of automobiles of the occupants of the premises.
   79. “Gardening for Personal Use” means an accessory use that includes the production of fruits, vegetables, spices, and other food plants for personal use. “Gardening for Personal Use” may include a greenhouse or plant nursery subject to accessory structure regulations.
   80. "Guest House" means a separate dwelling structure located on a lot with one or more main dwelling structures and used for housing guests or servants, and not rented, leased or sold separate from the rental, lease or sale of the main dwelling.
   81. “Guest Ranch” means a vacation resort offering activities (such as horseback riding) typical of western ranches. A “Guest Ranch” may be associated with a working ranch.
   82. “Home Occupation” means any use or activity conducted entirely within a residential dwelling or a legal accessory structure or structure that is clearly incidental and secondary to the existing residential use and does not change the character of the residence or neighborhood and there is no display of any stock and the use complies with the applicable business license requirements.
   83. “Home Preschool” means a preschool program complying with all Utah standards and licensing for non-family members in an occupied dwelling unit, by residents of that dwelling unit, in which lessons are provided for not more than ten (10) children for each session of instruction. If there are eight or more children, there must be two or more providers present. Sessions may not last for more than four (4) hours and shall not overlap. Individual children may attend only one (1) preschool session in any twenty-four (24) hour period.
   84. “Hospital” means a facility licensed by the Utah Department of Health, providing health services primarily for human inpatient or medical or surgical care for the sick or injured, and including the related facilities such laboratories, outpatient departments, training facilities, central service facilities, and staff offices which are integral parts of the facilities.
   85. “Hotel” means an establishment providing, for a fee, sleeping accommodations and customary lodging services, including maid service, the furnishing and upkeep of furniture and bed linens, and telephone and desk service. A central kitchen, dining room, accessory shops and services catering to the general public can be provided. Additional services, such as restaurants, meeting rooms, conference space and recreational facilities are allowed as accessory and subordinate uses.
   86. “Household Pet” means animals or fowl customarily permitted in the house and kept for company or pleasure, including dogs, cats, canaries, and similar pets.
   87. “Industrial Flex Space” means a one-story building containing a mixture of warehouse, retail, office, and light industrial uses, with at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the net floor area dedicated to office space.
   88. “Institutional Use” means a facility that provides a public service and is operated by a federal, state, or local government, public or private utility, public or private school or college, church, public agency, or tax-exempt organization.
   89. “Junk” means any worn out, stripped, or discarded materials no longer safely useable for the purposes for which they were manufactured, including but not necessarily limited to scrap metal, inoperable motor vehicles or recreational vehicles which are inoperable for more than sixty (60) days, and parts, construction material, household wastes, including garbage and discarded appliances, and yard debris.
   90. “Junkyard” means the same as “Salvage Yard.”
   91. “Kennel, Commercial” means a shelter or place where over three dogs or cats are bred, boarded, or trained for monetary gain.
   92. “Kennel, Private” means a shelter for or a place where over three and no more than five dogs and cats are bred, boarded, or trained for no monetary gain.
   93. “Laboratory, Medical or Dental” means an establishment providing biological, dental, medical, or optometrical laboratory and testing services.
   94. “Laboratory, Research and Development” means facilities for the investigation of natural, physical, or social sciences that may include engineering and product development.
   95. “Laundry Cleaning, Automatic Self-Help” means an establishment where one or more machines or devices are offered for public use to provide self-service dry-cleaning and/or clothes laundering facilities.
   96. “Laundry Cleaning, Drop Off” means an establishment where patrons may drop off items for dry-cleaning or laundering—which may occur on- or off-site.
   97. “Liquor and/or Wine Store” means a facility for the sale of packaged liquor or wine, located on premises owned or leased by the state of Utah and operated by a state employee.
   98. “Machine Shop” means shops where lathes, presses, grinders, shapers, and other wood or metal working machines are used—such as blacksmith, tinsmith, welding, and sheet metal plumbing, heating, electrical repair, and overhaul shops.
   99. “Major Seasonal Sale” means a type of temporary use offering goods not offered year-round by another business on the property or is the only business on the property for the duration the use is occurring or occupies land in a designated park and is greater than eight hundred (800) square feet.
   100. “Major Seasonal Use” means a type of temporary use that offers a service or activity not offered year-round by another business on the property or is the only business on the property for the duration the use is occurring or occupies land in a designated park and is greater than eight hundred (800) square feet.
   101. “Manufacturing, Heavy” means the manufacture or compounding process of raw materials. These activities or processes would necessitate the storage of large volumes of highly flammable, toxic matter or explosive materials needed for the manufacturing process. These activities may involve outdoor operations as part of their manufacturing process.
   102. “Manufacturing, Light” means an establishment primarily engaged in the production, fabrication, processing, or assembly of goods and materials using processes that ordinarily do not create noise, smoke, fumes, odors, glare, or health or safety hazards outside of the building or lot where such activities take place and are located entirely within a building. Such uses include research and development facilities and testing laboratories. These uses do not include refineries, rock crushers, incinerators, and similar uses.
   103. “Meat or Poultry Processing Facility” means a building where live animals are killed and processed; and/or a building where meat, poultry, or eggs are cooked, smoked, or otherwise processed or packed but does not include a butcher shop.
   104. “Medical, Urgent Care, and Dental Clinic” means the same as “Office, Medical.”
   105. “Micromobility Support Infrastructure” means infrastructure, such as docking stations, signage, or other small-scale infrastructure, needed to support licensed micromobility systems. Micromobility means small, light-weight, and low-speed (less than thirty (30) mph) motorized vehicles that may be part of a shared-use program.
   106. “Mining (Subsurface)” means mining by digging or constructing access tunnels, adits, ramps, or shafts and excavating directly from the natural mineral deposits exposed.
   107. “Mining (Surface)” means mining by removing the overburden lying above the natural deposits and excavating directly from the natural deposits exposed, or by excavating directly from deposits lying exposed in their natural state, and includes dredge operations conducted in or on natural or artificially created waterways.
   108. “Minor Seasonal Sale” means a type of temporary use offering goods not offered year-round by another business on the property, and the total area of the use takes up eight-hundred square feet (800 sq. ft.) or less.
   109. “Minor Seasonal Use” means a type of temporary use that offers a service or activity not offered year-round by another business on the property and the total area of the use takes up eight-hundred (800 sq. ft.) or less.
   110. “Minor Ski Resort Improvements” means construction activities associated with the ongoing operation and maintenance of previously approved facilities, ski runs, ski trails, ski lifts, and related resort appurtenances, equipment, recreational access corridors, pedestrian or non-motorized trails, non-snow related activities, and accessory uses, or vehicular maintenance roads constructed or used in connection with the construction, operation, or maintenance of a resort.
   111. “Mobile Home” means a dwelling unit designed to be transported, after fabrication, on its own wheels designed and intended for permanent occupancy as an independent dwelling unit, upon connection to required utility systems; but which is not constructed in compliance with the municipality’s adopted Building, Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing Codes or the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards (HUD Code). The term "mobile home" includes any structure meeting the above description, which is used for an office, classroom, laboratory, processing, manufacturing, retail sales, or other such uses.
   112. “Mobile Home Park” means an area or tract of land used to accommodate two (2) or more mobile homes intended to be occupied as residences connected to required utility systems.
   113. “Mobile Store” means a business that is carried out entirely from a motor vehicle or thing that is designed to be or is mobile such as hand pushcarts and self-propelled kiosks, whereby the entire inventory offered for sale is carried and contained in the motor vehicle or thing that is designed to be or is mobile at the time the stock is offered for sale and is delivered to the purchaser at the time of sale. This use excludes food trucks/mobile restaurants, as defined in this Chapter.
   114. “Model Home/Temporary Sales Offices” means a dwelling unit, unoccupied for residential purposes, temporarily used for display purposes as an example of dwelling units available or to be available for sale or rental in a particular subdivision or other approved residential development. “Model Home” includes sales or rental offices for dwellings within the development.
   115. “Mortuary or Funeral Home” means an establishment providing services such as preparing the human dead for burial, arranging and managing funerals, and necessary sales. Funeral establishments may include funeral chapels, limited caretaker facilities, and limited cremation facilities that do not accept remains from other funeral establishments. “Mortuary or Funeral Home” does not include crematoriums as a primary use, cemeteries, columbariums, and mausoleums.
   116. “Motel” means the same as “Hotel.”
   117. “Nursing Home, Convalescent Care Center” means a health care facility, other than a general acute or specialty hospital, constructed, licensed, and operated to provide patient living accommodations, 24-hour staff availability, and at least two of the following patient services: (a) a selection of patient care services, under the direction and supervision of a registered nurse, ranging from continuous medical, skilled nursing, psychological, or other professional therapies to intermittent health-related or paraprofessional personal care services; (b) a structured, supportive social living environment based on a professionally designed and supervised treatment plan, oriented to the individual's habilitation or rehabilitation needs; or (c) a supervised living environment that provides support, training, or assistance with individual activities of daily living.
   118. “Office, General” means a building offering executive, administrative, professional, or clerical services, or a portion of a building wherein services are performed involving predominately operations with limited client visits and limited traffic generated by employees and/or clients.
   119. “Office, Intensive” means a business offering executive, administrative, professional, or clerical services with a high level of client interaction and traffic generated; and/or a business that employs five (5) or more persons per one thousand (1,000) square feet of net leasable office space.
   120. “Office, Medical” means a building used by physicians, dentists, and similar personnel for the treatment and examination of patients solely on an outpatient basis, provided that no overnight patients shall be kept on the premises.
   121. “Outdoor Dining” means an area of designated size used as a seating area with tables and chairs for the contiguous restaurant.
   122. “Outdoor Recreation, Large Scale, and including Outdoor Entertainment Locations” means areas or facilities that offer recreation or entertainment outside and require significant land or are expected to create a larger impact. Such uses include shooting ranges, go-carts, motor vehicle and/or motorbike tracks, golf courses, zoological parks and botanical gardens, amphitheaters, outdoor stages and concert venues, or similar activities that may create noise, dust, or other nuisances to adjoining and surrounding uses.
   123. “Outdoor Sales Event” means a type of temporary use that uses a portion of outside space to temporarily sell products from a business in a building already located on the property with a business license.
   124. “Outdoor Storage” means the same as “Accessory Outside Storage.”
   125. “Package Agency” means a retail liquor location operated under a contractual agreement with the Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Services, by a person other than the State, who is authorized by the commission to sell package liquor for consumption off the premises of the agency.
   126. “Park and Ride” means an area or structure intended to accommodate parked vehicles for the general public, where commuters park their vehicles and continue to travel to another destination via public transit, carpool, vanpool, or bicycle. The parking lot may be shared with other uses or stand-alone.
   127. “Park, Micro” means a public park with an area less than eight-thousand (8,000) square feet.
   128. “Pawn Shop” means any person, firm, corporation, or business that loans money on deposit of personal property, or deals in the purchase, exchange, or possession of personal property on condition of selling the same back again to the pledgor or depositor, or loans or advances money on personal property by taking chattel mortgage security thereon, and takes or receives such personal property.
   129. “Personal Care Services” means an establishment primarily engaged in the provision of frequently or recurrently needed services of a personal nature. Typical uses include beauty and barbershops, custom tailoring and seamstress shops, electrolysis studios, portrait studios, shoe repair shops, tanning and nail salons, permanent makeup facilities, tattoo and body piercing establishments, and weight loss centers.
   130. “Personal Instruction Services” means an establishment engaged in the provision of informational, instructional, personal improvement, and similar services of a professional nature or by a nonprofit organization. Typical uses include art and music schools, driving instruction, computer instruction, gymnastic and dance studios, handicraft or hobby instruction, and martial arts training.
   131. “Planned Unit Development (PUD)” means an integrated design for the development of residential, commercial, industrial uses, or limited combinations of uses, in which the density and location regulations of the district in which the development is situation may be varied or waived to allow flexibility and initiative in site and building design and location, in accordance with an approved plan and imposed requirements.
   132. “Post Office” means a facility that contains service windows for mailing packages and letters, post office boxes, offices, vehicle storage areas, and sorting and distribution facilities for mail.
   133. "Private Nonprofit Locker Club" means a social club, recreational, athletic, or kindred association incorporated under the provisions of the Utah Revised Nonprofit Corporation Act, which maintains or intends to maintain premises upon which liquor is or will be stored, consumed, or sold.
   134. "Private Nonprofit Recreational Grounds and Facilities" means nonprofit recreational grounds and facilities operated by an association incorporated under the provisions of the Utah Revised Nonprofit Corporation Act.
   135. “Private Residential Tennis Court/Sports Court” means a recreation court requiring a base surface with a gross square footage of four hundred square feet or more, permitted as an accessory use to and on the same lot as a single-family residential dwelling.
   136. “Private Swimming Pool” means any structure or container holding water to a depth of eighteen inches (18") or greater and having either a diameter or diagonal measurement of ten feet (10’) or greater, permitted as an accessory use to and on the same lot as a single-family residential dwelling.
   137. “Producer” means a person or entity that raises or produces farm products on land that the person or entity farms and owns, rents, or leases.
   138. “Protective Housing” means a facility operated, licensed, or contracted by a governmental entity, or operated by a charitable, nonprofit organization, where, for no compensation, temporary, protective housing is provided to: (1) abused or neglected children awaiting placement in foster care; (2) pregnant or parenting teens; (3) victims of sexual abuse; or (4) victims of domestic abuse.
   139. “Public Parks” means parks that are maintained by a public agency.
   140. “Public Service Training Facility” means an establishment for training state and local law enforcement, fire safety, national guard, transit personnel, or other public service personnel and accessory facilities including but not limited to dining and overnight accommodations, classrooms, indoor shooting ranges, auto test tracks, and fire suppression simulations.
   141. "Public Use" means a use operated exclusively by a public body, or quasi-public body, such use having the purpose of serving the public health, safety, or general welfare, and including uses such as public schools, parks, playgrounds and other recreational facilities, government and public utility administrative offices, fire stations, police stations, and facilities that are part of the local service delivery system for public utilities. "Public Use" does not include public utility production, storage, and treatment facilities such as power plants, refineries, natural gas processing and storage plants, water treatment plants, or sewage treatment facilities.
   142. “Public Utility, Major” means structures that house operations for public utilities like, but not limited to, power generation plants, electrical switching stations, primary substations, refuse collection and disposal facilities, and water and wastewater treatment facilities and similar facilities.
   143. “Public Utility, Minor” means local utility structures that are necessary for a specific development or service like, but not limited to, poles and lines.
   144. “Public Utility” includes every railroad corporation, gas corporation, electrical corporation, distribution electrical cooperative, wholesale electrical cooperative, telephone corporation, telegraph corporation, water corporation, sewerage corporation, heat corporation, and independent energy producer not described in Utah Code § 54-2-201 where the service is performed for, or the commodity delivered to, the public generally, or in the case of a gas corporation or electrical corporation where the gas or electricity is sold or furnished to any member or consumers within the state for domestic, commercial, or industrial use.
   145. “Rail Transit Mixed-Use” means a use that allows rail-oriented development that combines different land uses within a single development, tract of land, building, or structure. Its purpose is to encourage development that is high quality, human-scale, and pedestrian-friendly, while creating a variety of complementary and integrated uses, such as but not limited to, residential, office, manufacturing, retail, public, or entertainment, in a compact, walkable, urban form.
   146. “Reception Hall, Reception Center” means a room or building for the purpose of hosting a party, banquet, wedding, or other reception or social event. Such halls are often found within pubs, clubs, hotels, or restaurants.
   147. “Recreation Facility, Commercial” means a centrally or otherwise appropriately located place designed and equipped for the conduct of sports, informal recreation and/or leisure-time activities operated as a business on private or public property and open to the public for a fee.
   148. “Recreation Facility, Private” means a centrally or otherwise appropriately located place designed and equipped for the conduct of sports, informal recreation and/or leisure-time activities operated on private property and not open to the public, including recreation facilities owned by a homeowners' or property owners' association for private use.
   149. “Recreation Facility, Public” means a centrally or otherwise appropriately located place designed and equipped for the conduct of sports, informal recreation and/or leisure-time activities operated by a public agency and open to the public with or without a fee.
   150. “Recycling Processing Facility” means a building or enclosed space for the collection and processing of recyclable materials. “Processing” means the preparation of material for efficient shipment, or to an end user’s specifications, by such means as baling, briquetting, compacting, flattening, grinding, crushing, shredding, mechanical sorting, cleaning, and re-manufacturing.
   151. “Rehabilitation/Treatment Facilities” means a facility licensed by or contracted by the State of Utah to provide temporary occupancy and supervision of adults or juveniles in order to provide rehabilitation, treatment, or counseling services. Without limitation, such services may include rehabilitation, treatment, counseling, or assessment and evaluation services related to delinquent behavior, alcohol and drug abuse, sex offenders, sexual abuse, or mental health. Associated education services may also be provided to juvenile occupants. “Rehabilitation/Treatment Facilities” does not include residential facilities for the elderly or persons with disabilities.
   152. "Resource Recycling Collection Point" means a portable structure, enclosed bin, trailer, or reverse vending machine where recyclable material (aluminum cans, glass, paper, etc.) is exchanged for money or deposited as a donation.
   153. “Reiki” means a business devoted primarily to Reiki healing, or any other system that has elements of the following. The practitioner, trained to access and serve as a channel for a sacred life force, places his or her hands on or just above the client's body in order to activate healing energy within receptive points on the body. The practitioner's hands move progressively with a passive touch through various positions on the body, remaining in each position for a period of time. As a harmonic flow of energy is strengthened, within the client and practitioner, healing occurs through the return of physical, mental, and spiritual balance. For purposes of this Title, a Reiki business shall not include Reiki healing, or similar system, which are performed in a hospital or medical clinic.
   154. “Residential Facility for Elderly Persons” means a dwelling unit owned by a resident thereof or an immediate family member of a resident, or for which the title has been placed in trust for a resident; and is voluntarily occupied on a twenty-four (24) hour per day basis by eight (8) or fewer elderly persons in a family-type arrangement. A "residential facility for elderly persons" does not include any facility: (1) operated as a business, provided that such facility shall not be considered to be operated as a business solely because a fee is charged for food or for actual and necessary costs of operation and maintenance of the facility; (2) where persons are placed: (a) for alcoholism or drug abuse treatment; or (b) as part of, or in lieu of, confinement, rehabilitation, or treatment in a correctional facility which is: (i) a health care facility as defined by Utah Code or successor law, or (ii) a residential facility for persons with a disability.
   155. “Residential Facility for Persons with a Disability” means a residence in which more than one person with a disability resides; and (1) which is licensed or certified by the Department of Human Services under Utah Code Title 62A, Chapter 2, Licensure of Programs and Facilities; or (2) which is licensed or certified by the Department of Health under Utah Code Title 26, Chapter 21, Health Care Facility Licensing and Inspection Act.
   156. “Residential Keeping of Chickens or Ducks or Domestic Fowl” means the keeping of a small number of domesticated hens and/or ducks on a lot with a single-family dwelling for personal use only, subject to the standards and requirements of this Title, Salt Lake County Animal Services, and Salt Lake County Health Department that ensure that domesticated hens and ducks do not adversely impact the neighborhood surrounding the property on which the domestic fowl are kept.
   157. “Resort” means a place offering amenities for recreation and relaxation in addition to lodging and meals to transient vacationers. May involve multiple, compatible uses of the land, such as open space, agriculture, and lodging.
   158. “Restaurant, Fast Food” means a building or facility that sells food and beverages primarily over a counter, rather than by waitress or waiter; packages its’ food in wrappers, boxes, or cartons regardless if the food is consumed on or off the restaurant premises; and typically provides a drive through/drive-up facility.
   159. “Restaurant, Sit-Down with or without Alcohol” means a building or facility for the preparation, retail sale, and on-site consumption of food and non-alcoholic and/or alcoholic beverages.
   160. “Retail and Service Commercial” means a business primarily engaged in the sale or rental of goods, merchandise, or services directly to the consumer, and includes no outdoor storage. These uses do not include sexually oriented businesses, retail tobacco specialty stores, check cashing, pawn shops, vehicle or large equipment rental, sales, repair, or assembly. Uses include department, grocery, variety and drug stores; art galleries; bakeries; jewelry stores; florists; auto parts stores; business and social services; and similar uses. These uses may include twenty-four-hour uses and drive-up windows subject to this Title.
   161. “Retail Shops or Galleries where Primary Product is Produced On-Site" means establishments (not exceeding five thousand square feet (5,000 sq. ft.) engaged in the selling of goods where the primary product is produced on-site. This definition is limited to small-scale uses but can include bakeries, confectionaries, nut shops, frame shops, restored furniture, cardmaking shops, jewelry-making stores, photo galleries, art galleries, and pottery studios. This definition also includes ‘painting with a twist’, ‘paint nite’, paint-your-own-ceramics businesses, and similar uses. A room or building for the display or sale of works of art, including space for the artist to create displayed work.
   162. “Retail Tobacco Specialty Business” means a commercial establishment in which: (a) the sales of tobacco products, electronic cigarette products, and nicotine products account for more than thirty five percent (35)% of the total quarterly gross receipts for the establishment; (b) twenty percent (20)% or more of the public retail floor space is allocated to the offer, display, or storage of tobacco products, electronic cigarette products, or nicotine products; (c) twenty-percent (20%) or more of the total shelf space is allocated to the offer, display, or storage of tobacco products, electronic cigarette products, or nicotine products; (d) the commercial establishment holds itself out as a retail tobacco specialty business and causes a reasonable person to believe the commercial establishment is a retail tobacco specialty business; (e) any flavored electronic cigarette product is sold; or (f) the retail space features a self-service display for tobacco products, electronic cigarette products, or nicotine products. (Utah Code§ 10-8-41.6)
   163. “Salvage Yard” means a place where scrap, waste, discarded, or salvaged materials is brought, sold, exchanged, baled, packed, disassembled or handled, or stored, including auto wrecking yards, house wrecking yards, used lumber yards, and places or yards for storage of salvage, house wrecking, and structural steel materials and equipment; but not including such places where such uses are conducted entirely within a completely enclosed building or yard, and not including pawnshops and establishments for the sale, purchase or storage of used furniture and household equipment, used cars in operable condition, or salvaged materials incidental to manufacturing operations conducted on the premises.
   164. “School, Charter” means: (i) an operating charter school; (ii) a charter school applicant that has its application approved by a charter school authorizer in accordance with Utah Code, Title 53G, Chapter 5, Part 3, Charter School Authorization; or (iii) an entity that is working on behalf of a charter school or approved charter applicant to develop or construct a charter school building. School, Charter does not include a therapeutic school.
   165. “Self-Service Fuel Station” means a location where flammable or combustible liquids or gases are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles. Such establishment may offer the retail sale of convenience items. “Self-Service Fuel Station” specifically excludes and does not allow any servicing, repair or maintenance of motor vehicles, trailers, and similar mechanical equipment, including engine, brake, muffler, tire repair, lubrication, and engine tune-up. “Self Service Fuel Station” may be combined with “Vehicle and Equipment Repair, Minor” when the applicable zone allows both uses. Does not include “Truck Stop and Service Facilities.”
   166. “Self-Service Storage Facilities, Enclosed” means structures, commonly referred to as storage units, containing separate enclosed, individual and private storage spaces of varying sizes leased or rented on individual leases for varying periods of time. Such facilities are to be used for dead storage only. The following activities are prohibited within any self-storage enclosed storage facility: (1) Commercial, wholesale or retail sales, or miscellaneous or garage sales; (2) The servicing, repair, or fabrication of motor vehicles, boats, trailers, small engine equipment, or similar equipment; (3) The operation of power tools, spray painting equipment, compressors, welding equipment, kilns, or similar equipment; (4) The establishment of a transfer business; and (5) Any use that is noxious or offensive because of odors, dust, noise, or vibrations.
   167. “Self-Service Storage Facilities, Outdoor” means the use of any lot, portion of a lot, or tract of land for outside storage of operative automobiles, trucks, recreational vehicles, boats, trailers, or non-motorized storage, containing separate, individual and private storage spaces of varying sizes leased or rented on individual leases for varying periods of time. The following activities are prohibited within any self-storage outside storage facility: (1) commercial, wholesale or retail sales, or miscellaneous or garage sales; (2) the servicing, repair, or fabrication of motor vehicles, boats, trailers, small engine equipment, or similar equipment; (3) the establishment of a transfer business; (4) junkyard or impound yard; (5) storage of non-motorized storage shall not exceed the height of the screened fence; and (6) any use that is noxious or offensive because of odors, dust, noise, or vibrations.
   168. “Sexually Oriented Business or Activity” means adult arcades, adult bookstores, adult novelty stores, adult video stores, adult cabarets, or adult entertainment out-call services in the form of semi-nude dancing or exhibitions, adult motion picture theater, adult theater, seminude model studios, or sexual encounter establishments.
   169. “Shared Mobility Device” means bicycles and motor-assisted scooters operated by a shared mobility device system.
   170. “Shared Mobility Device System” means any transportation service that involves the commercial use of shared mobility devices by users, either concurrently or sequentially after one another.
   171. “Shopping Center” means a group of three or more commercial establishments that are planned, developed, and managed as a unit with common areas for off-street parking and landscaping provided on the properties.
   172. "Short-Term Rental" means a residential unit or any portion of a residential unit that the owner of record or the lessee of the residential unit offers for occupancy for fewer than thirty (30) consecutive days.
   173. “Sidewalk Displays and Sidewalk Cafes” means an accessory use that allows for the spillover of seating and/or sales displays onto the sidewalk in front of an existing business subject to limitations and in this Title. “Sidewalk Café” means a restaurant with tables on the sidewalk in front or on the side of the premises. “Sidewalk Display” means the outdoor display of merchandise for sale by a business use.
   174. “Ski Resort” means a ski area that also includes sales, rentals, and services of related equipment and accessories, eating places, residences, and hotels and motels.
   175. “Solar Energy System, Accessory” means a roof-mounted, wall mounted, or ground mounted panel, the primary purpose of which is to provide for the collection, inversion, storage, and distribution of solar energy for electricity generation, space heating, space cooling, or water heating of buildings located on the same property.
   176. “Solar Energy System, Commercial” means a solar array meant for commercial production of energy.
   177. “Solar Evaporation Pond for the Processing of Salt” means the recovery of minerals in solution through natural evaporation and subsequent harvesting.
   178. “Storage – Hazardous Materials” means the storage of any item or chemical which is a health or physical hazard, or can cause harm to people, plants, or animals when released by spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing into the environment.
   179. “Storage Yard” means the location of goods, wares, merchandise, commodities, equipment, materials, or any other item outside of a completely enclosed building for a continuous period longer than twenty-four (24) hours when such storage is a primary characteristic of a permitted use or constitutes more than fifteen percent (15%) of the lot area. The presence of hazardous materials, junk, junk cars, or debris not usually appurtenant to permitted on-site uses is prohibited. Storage yards shall be screened from public view by a minimum six-foot (6') high masonry fence and, when outdoor storage occurs in a front yard, side yard, or any other location within the public view, additional screening of a height and material determined by the Planning Commission. For the purposes of this Title, construction yards, lumber yards, and like uses are considered to be storage yards as regulated herein. Compare with "accessory outdoor storage".
   180. "Sportsman's Kennel" means a kennel for the keeping of three to five (5) dogs that has a valid permit from the department of animal services and is located on a lot of at least one acre.
   181. "Stable, Private" means a detached accessory structure for the keeping of horses owned by the occupants of the premises, and not kept for remuneration, hire, or sale.
   182. "Stable, Public" means a structure, either accessory or primary, in which the horses are boarded, trained, or rented for commercial purposes.
   183. “Swap Meets and Flea Markets” means a market operating for the sale or exchange of merchandise at retail by many sellers within a drive-in theater or enclosed building. This does not include garage sales.
   184. “Tavern” means the same as “Bar.”
   185. “Temporary Construction Office” means a temporary building or structure used as a construction office for a project located on the same site during its construction. A temporary construction office must be removed from the property prior to the final certificate of occupancy being issued on the building or project.
   186. “Temporary Sale, Farm Products” means a type of temporary use that is less than six hundred square feet (600 sq. ft.) and at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the products sold are farm products or value-added farm products.
   187. “Temporary Use” means any use that does not continue more than one hundred twenty (120) days out of the year.
   188. “Temporary Use, Weekly” or “Weekly Temporary Use” means any use occurs not more than two days a week and not more than one hundred twenty (120) days out of the year.
   189. “Temporary Use, Inside” means a use on a property proposed to be established for a maximum period of one hundred and twenty (120) days or use being discontinued after the expiration of one-hundred and twenty (120) days and conducted in compliance with all the requirements of this Title that is inside a permanent building.
   190. “Theatres and Concert Halls (Indoor)” means buildings that contain screens, stages, or other platforms around which patrons gather to experience film, theater, and other performances. Concessions may be allowed as an accessory use. Such uses include concert halls, play theaters, cinemas, comedy clubs, operas, and orchestra and symphony halls. Does not include outdoor theaters and concert halls (see “Outdoor Recreation, Large Scale, and including Outdoor Entertainment Locations”).
   191. “Therapeutic School” means a residential group living facility: (a) for four or more individuals that are not related to the owner of the facility or the primary service provider of the facility; (b) that serves students who have a history of failing to function at home, in a public school, or in a nonresidential private school; and (c) that offers room and board, and an academic education integrated with (i) specialized structure and supervision or (ii) services or treatment related to a disability, emotional development, behavioral development, familial development, or social development. (Utah Code§ 62A-2-101)
   192. “Tiny Home” means a dwelling less than four hundred square feet (400 sq. ft.) in size, not including loft space, that meets building code requirements and is on a permanent foundation. A tiny home is either a single-family dwelling or an accessory dwelling unit. A tiny home used as the primary residential use on a lot or parcel is a single-family dwelling for the purposes of this ordinance. A tiny home used as an accessory dwelling is subject to the same restrictions as any other accessory dwelling unit.
   193. “Towing Services and Impound Lots” means the temporary storage of vehicles that have been towed, carried, hauled, or pushed from public to private property for impoundment in a public or private impound yard.
   194. “Transitional Housing” means a building or facility owned, operated, or contracted by a governmental entity or a charitable, nonprofit organization that provide free temporary housing to homeless persons for at least thirty (30) days while they obtain work, job skills, or otherwise take steps to stabilize their circumstances. Transitional Housing Facilities do not include homeless shelters, dwelling units provided to a family for more than thirty (30) days as part of a transitional housing program, or residential facilities for elderly persons or persons with disabilities.
   195. “Transmission Line/Right of Way (Major)” means an electric power, gas, or petroleum transmission facility with the required right-of-way designed to provide for the location of transmission lines or facilities to operate at voltages of 140,000 volts (140 kV) or greater, or eight inches (8”) in diameter and that provides electrical, gas, or petroleum products transmission and found by the municipality to conform to the General Plan, or has been considered by the Planning Commission and Council and a General Plan amendment has been approved.
   196. “Transmission Line/Right of Way (Minor)” means an electric power, gas, or petroleum transmission facility with the required right-of-way designed to provide for the location of transmission lines or facilities to operate at voltages less than 140,000 volts (140 kV) or less than eight inches (8”) in diameter and that provides electrical, gas, or petroleum products transmission and found by the municipality to conform to the General Plan, or has been considered by the Planning Commission and Council and a General Plan amendment has been approved.
   197. “Truck Stop and Service Facilities” means facilities intended to provide services to the trucking industry, including but not limited to, dispensing of fuel, servicing, repair, automated washes, and overnight parking. The facilities may also include overnight accommodations, showers, or restaurant facilities primarily for the use of truck crews. Such establishment may offer the retail sale of convenience items.
   198. “Twin Home” means the same as “Dwelling, Two Family.”
   199. “Value-added Farm Products” means any product processed by a producer from a farm product.
   200. “Vertical Indoor Agriculture” means growing crops in vertically stacked layers indoors, often incorporating controlled-environment agricultural techniques and soilless farming techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, or aeroponics.
   201. “Vehicle Assembly” means a business where finished vehicle-related parts are put together to develop a final product.
   202. “Vehicle and Equipment Repair, Commercial and Industrial” means the repair and service of commercial vehicles and trailers with a payload capacity of more than eight thousand five hundred (8,500) pounds as well as industrial or other heavy equipment. Typical uses include semi-trailer truck repair, and the repair of bulldozers, graders, dump trucks, cement mixers, and similar heavy industrial and construction equipment.
   203. “Vehicle and Equipment Repair, Major” means an establishment primarily engaged in the major repair of motor vehicles or equipment. Typical uses include major auto repair such as the removal of engines and transmissions, rebuilding of engines and transmissions, repair of the internal components, repair or removal of differentials or axles, body work and paint. "Vehicle and Equipment Repair, Major" may also include uses that are often accessory to businesses engaged in the repair of vehicles such as offices, part sales, storage of merchandise, and vehicle storage when such vehicle storage is fully and adequately screened. "Vehicle and Equipment Repair, Major" does not include repair and service of commercial vehicles and trailers with a payload capacity of more than eight thousand five hundred (8,500) pounds, industrial or other heavy equipment, "vehicle assembly", "manufacturing use", auto dismantling or wrecking, salvage, "junkyards", or similar uses.
   204. “Vehicle and Equipment Repair, Minor” means an establishment providing motor vehicle repair or maintenance services and conducted entirely within completely enclosed buildings and may include the retail sale of fuels, lubricants, and other supplies for motor vehicles. Typical uses include businesses engaged in the following activities: electronic tune-ups, brake repairs (including drum turning), air conditioning repairs, auto detailing, generator and starter repairs, muffler and other minor underbody repair, frontend alignments, battery recharging, lubrication, and other similar repairs. Vehicle and Equipment Repair (Minor) also includes sales, repair and installation of minor parts and accessories such as tires, batteries, windshield wipers, hoses, windows, etc. Vehicle and Equipment Repair (Minor) does not include paint and body shops, or other activities associated with Vehicle and Equipment Repair (Major), auto dismantling or wrecking, salvage, junkyards, and similar uses.
   205. “Vehicle Rental” means a business primarily engaged in the rental of vehicles.
   206. “Vehicle Sales and Service” means the use of any building, land area, or other premises for the display and sale or lease of more than three (3) new or used vehicles, and including outside storage of inventory, indoor vehicle part and accessory sales, any warranty repair work, and other repair service conducted as an accessory use. “Vehicle Sales and Service” includes the sale or lease of new or used boats, cars, light trucks, motorcycles, off-road vehicles, camp trailers, recreational vehicles, motor homes, and utility or box trailers with a payload capacity of less than eight thousand five hundred (8,500) pounds. “Vehicle Sales and Service” does not include the sale or lease of semi-trailer trucks, semi-trailers, or utility or box trailers with a payload capacity of over five thousand (5,000) pounds.
   207. “Vehicle Sales and Service, Commercial Vehicles and Trailers” means the sale or lease of semi-trailer trucks, semi-trailers, or utility or box trailers with a payload capacity of more than eight thousand five hundred (8,500) pounds. “Vehicle Sales and Service, Commercial Vehicles and Trailers” includes outside storage of inventory, indoor vehicle part and accessory sales, any warranty repair work, and other repair services conducted as an accessory use.
   208. “Vehicle Sales, Small Dealership” means a business specializing in the sale of a limited number of new and/or used vehicles, with no more than three (3) vehicles displayed outside at any one time and with no more than a total of eight (8) vehicles stored on-site at any given time and licensed as required by the State of Utah. A small dealership may be permitted as an accessory use to a related business on the same property and under the same ownership.
   209. "Vested Critical Infrastructure Materials Operations" means critical infrastructure materials operations operating in accordance with a legal nonconforming use or a permit issued by the municipality that existed or was conducted or otherwise engaged in before:
        1. A political subdivision prohibits, restricts, or otherwise limits the critical infrastructure materials operations; and
        2. January 1, 2019.
   210. “Warehouse and Distribution Facilities” means buildings used primarily for the inside storage and distribution of goods and materials, which include land and buildings used as a relay station for the transfer of goods from one vehicle or party to another, and the parking and storage of tractor and/or other trailer units.
   211. “Water Pumping Plant and Reservoir” means a natural or artificial water storage basin with a pumping station to distribute potable or irrigation water.
   212. “Water Treatment Facility” means the facility or facilities within the water supply system which can alter the physical, chemical, or bacteriological quality of the water.
   213. “Wind Energy System, Accessory” means a wind energy system that is accessory to the main use and is designed to power only the site on which it is constructed.
   214. “Wind Energy System, Commercial” means a wind energy system consisting of one or more wind turbines for commercial generation.