Willoughby City Zoning Code
CHAPTER 1145
Industrial Districts
1145.01 PURPOSES.
The Industrial districts include the Limited Industrial (L-I) District and the General Industrial (G-I) District. The regulations set forth in this chapter are established in order to achieve, among others, the following purposes:
(a) To provide, in appropriate and convenient districts, sufficient areas for services, distribution and production of goods to serve the community, promote employment and strengthen the economy of the community;
(b) To provide L-I Districts for establishments that utilize processes in which dust, smoke, fumes, glare, odors or other objectionable influences can be controlled, and which normally generate only limited outdoor activities in association with a principal activity that is conducted primarily indoors.
(c) To provide G-I Districts for establishments that utilize products and processes which involve some dust, smoke, fumes, glare, odors or other objectionable influences, but do not create any dangers to the health and safety of the surrounding neighborhoods, and which involve outdoor storage of goods and supplies as well as access to rail transportation and major truck routes.
(d) To improve the general environment by prohibiting dwellings, institutions and public facilities in Industrial Districts, and by the same act, to make land more readily accessible for industry.
(e) To protect adjacent Residential Districts by restricting the types of manufacturing uses in the surrounding areas to only those not creating objectionable influences beyond their district boundaries and by separating and insulating them from the most intense manufacturing activities.
(f) To promote the most desirable and beneficial use of the land in conformity with the Comprehensive Plan.
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.02 USE REGULATIONS.
Buildings and land shall be used, and buildings shall be designed, erected, altered, moved, or maintained, in whole or in part, in L-I and G-I Districts only for the uses permitted herein.
(a) Permitted Use Schedule Summary. Schedule 1145.03 enumerates those uses that may be located in particular Industrial District as a matter of right as a principal use, uses that may be located in a given district upon obtaining review and approval as a conditional use, and uses that are considered to be accessory to a principal or conditional use.
(1) A use listed in Schedule 1145.03 shall be permitted by right in a district when denoted by the letter "P" provided that all requirements of other City Ordinances and this Zoning Code have been met.
(3) A use listed in Schedule 1145.03 shall be permitted as a conditional use in a district when denoted by the letter "C", provided the Planning Commission first makes the determination that the requirements of Chapter 1155 have been met. Conditional uses are subject to all other application regulations in this Code.
(4) A use listed in Schedule 1145.03 shall be permitted as an accessory use in a district when denoted by the letter "A". Such accessory uses are further regulated in subsequent sections, and shall be permitted as a subordinate building or use if it is clearly incident to and if located on the same zoning lot as the principal building or use.
(5) Any use not specifically listed as either a permitted principal or conditional use shall be a prohibited use in these zoning districts and shall only be permitted upon amendment of this Code and/or the Zoning Map as provided in Chapter 1115 or upon a finding that a use is substantially similar as provided in Section 1109.10.
(b) Compliance with Standards. Although a use may be indicated as a permitted, conditionally permitted, or accessory use in a particular Industrial District, it shall not be approved on a parcel unless it can be located thereon in full compliance with all of the standards and other regulations of this Code applicable to the specific use and parcel in question.
(c) Reference to Use-Specific Regulations. The numbers contained in Schedule 1145.03 in the "Use-Specific Regulations Reference" column are references to additional standards and requirements that apply to the use type listed. The standards referenced apply in all zoning districts where the use is a use permitted by right or a conditional use, unless otherwise expressly stated.
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.03 SCHEDULE OF PERMITTED USES.
LAND USE CATEGORY | Limited Industrial L-1 | General Industrial G-I | Use-Specific Regulations Reference |
(a) OFFICES | |||
(1) Administrative Offices in association with a permitted use | P | P | |
(2) Laboratories/Research Facilities | P | P | |
(3) Professional and Business Offices | P | P | |
(4) Medical Clinics/Urgent Care | C | 1155.04(cc) | |
(b) RETAIL | |||
(1) Retail sale of products produced on the premises or associated with the permitted use | PS | PS | 1155.04(pp) |
(2) Retail, large-format | C | C | 1155.04(gg) |
(c) BUSINESS SERVICES, EQUIPMENT SALES, SUPPLIES | |||
(1) Sales and service of construction equipment, farm machinery, recreational vehicles and other large equipment | C | P | 1155.04(xx) |
(2) Dry cleaning, carpet cleaning, towel supply, etc. | P | P | |
(3) Wholesale, establishment, including greenhouses | P | P | |
(4) Vehicle and equipment repair services including motor and auto body repair and appliance repair | C | P | 1155.04(xx) |
(5) Printing and publishing | P | P | |
(6) Auction warehouse/showrooms | C | C | 1155.04(g) |
(7) Automobile/truck rental agency | C | 1155.04(j) | |
LAND USE CATEGORY | Limited Industrial L-1 | General Industrial G-I | Use-Specific Regulations Reference |
(d) STORAGE/DISTRIBUTION | |||
(1) Warehouse/distribution facility | P | P | |
(2) Construction trades/contractors facility | C | P | 1155.04(q) |
(3) Outdoor activities in association with a principal use: | |||
A. General storage of materials | C | P | 1155.04(ii) |
B. Overnight storage of fleet vehicles used in operation of principal use | A | P | 1155.04(ii) |
C. Outdoor storage of vehicles, trucks and equipment for rental and leasing | C | P | 1155.04(ii) |
(4) Storage and distribution of hazardous materials: | |||
A. Explosives and blasting agents | C | ||
B. Flammable liquids - outside above-ground tanks | C | ||
C. LPG bulk storage | C | ||
D. Combustible liquids in above-ground tanks | C | C | |
E. Flammable gases in above-ground tanks, flammable liquids below ground | C | C | |
(5) Truck terminal | C | P | 1155.04(g) |
(6) Metal salvage, scrap iron or junk storage | C | 1155.04(dd) | |
(7) Storage of unlicensed vehicles, impound lots, auto repossessing | C | 1155.04(tt) | |
(e) MANUFACTURING/PACKAGING/FABRICATION/ASSEMBLY | |||
(1) Food and drink preparation, production and storage | P | P | |
(2) Brewery, winery or distillery production facility | P | P | |
(3) Fabrication and Assembly Operations | P | P | |
(4) commercial or manufacturing process entirely contained within a completely enclosed building (except for off-street parking and incidental loading) that has a clean and non-intrusive character and limited to cutting, extruding, grinding, pressing, bending, welding, cleaning or polishing | P | P | |
(5) Machine shop | P | P | |
LAND USE CATEGORY | Limited Industrial L-1 | General Industrial G-I | Use-Specific Regulations Reference |
(6) Light manufacturing uses that meet the definition and comply with the performance standards | P | P | |
(7) Heavy manufacturing uses that meet the definition and comply with the performance standards | P | ||
(8) Manufacture of products from raw materials | C | 1155.04(bb) | |
(f) OTHER USES | |||
(1) Public utility substations | C | C | |
(2) Public safety facilities | C | C | |
(3) Transmission tower and related facilities | C | C | 1155.04(ww) |
(4) Commercial, indoor | C | 1155.04(aa) | |
(5) Commercial recreation, outdoor | C | 1155.04(gg) | |
(6) Veterinarian office, animal hospital, kennel | C | C | 1155.04(yy) |
(7) Quarry operations | C | 1155.04(ll) | |
(8) Crematories | C | C | 1155.04(r) |
(9) Child day care center | C | 1155.04(o) | |
(10) Vocational, trade or technical school | C | 1155.04(zz) | |
(11) Adult day care facility | C | 1155.04(c) | |
(g) ACCESSORY USES | |||
(1) Medical clinics, lunchrooms, cafeterias, and recreation facilities in association with a permitted use | A | A | |
(2) Employer on-site child care facility | A | A | |
(3) Accessory garage and off-street parking areas | A | A | |
(4) Signs | A | A | |
(5) Trash receptacles | A | A | |
P = Principal Use permitted by right S = Permitted with additional use special standards C = Conditional Use A = Accessory Use Blank Cell means the use is not permitted in the district | |||
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.04 LOT REQUIREMENTS.
The minimum lot area, lot width, and required open space of lots in Industrial Districts are specified in Schedule 1145.04.
Schedule 1145.04
Lot Requirements
L-1 | G-1 | |
(a) Minimum Lot Area (square feet) | 1 acre(1) | 1 acre |
(b) Minimum Lot Width (feet) | 100(2) | 100(2) |
(c) Minimum Landscaped Open Space (% of lot)(3) | 20% | 20% |
NOTES TO SCHEDULE 1145.04 (1) 80,000 square feet for lots abutting Euclid Avenue, Vine Street, Lost Nation, S.R. 91, Erie Street. (2) 200 feet for lots abutting Euclid Avenue, Vine Street, Lost Nation, S.R. 91, Erie Street. (3) See also Section 1145.10 for landscaping requirements. | ||
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.05 PRINCIPAL BUILDING YARD REQUIREMENTS.
Every permitted use of land and structures shall be located on a lot in such a manner as to create and preserve a front yard adjacent to each street on which such lot abuts, a side yard or yards, and a rear yard conforming to the requirements of Schedule 1145.05. Each yard shall be unobstructed by a principal use or principal building, except as otherwise provided in this Code.
(b) Side and rear yards, where adjoining a residential area in a bordering community, shall be the lesser of the minimum requirements set forth in the above schedule or the relevant minimum requirements as to side and rear yard regulations for that bordering community. Under no circumstance, however, shall the appropriate side and rear yard required be less than fifty feet.
Schedule 1145.05
Minimum Required Front, Side and Rear Yards for Principal Buildings
Minimum Depth (in feet) | L-1 | G-1 |
(a) Front yard | 60 | 60 |
(b) Side/Rear yard when yard abuts a non-residential district | 7.5(1) | 7.5(1) |
(c) Side/Rear yard when yard abuts a residential district | 100 | 100 |
NOTES TO SCHEDULE 1145.05 (1) Provided buildings are no closer than 15 feet to the nearest existing building on an adjacent lot. | ||
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.06 PARKING AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITY AREA SETBACK REQUIREMENTS.
Off-street parking and outdoor activity areas shall be located in compliance with the minimum setbacks, measured from the street right-of-way or property line, as specified in Schedule 1145.06, unless otherwise noted.
(a) Off-street parking areas shall not be located in a required front yard.
(b) When permitted, according to Schedule 1145.03, outdoor activities shall comply with the following:
(1) General storage of materials shall include the storage of goods, materials, products or waste materials in containers associated with the principal use.
(2) When permitted as an accessory or conditional use, outdoor activities shall comply with the following:
A. Shall be located in the rear yard only and shall comply with the building setback requirements in Schedule 1145.05.
B. Shall not exceed an area equal to the ground floor area of the building.
C. The bulk storage of sand, gravel, salt and other similar materials shall not be permitted unless the material is effectively prevented from spreading.
D. All materials, goods, equipment and overnight storage of vehicles, shall be enclosed with a solid wall or fence, including solid gates having a minimum height of ten feet. Such fence shall comply with the regulations of Section 1179.03.
Schedule 1145.06
Minimum Parking and Outdoor Activities Setback Requirements
Minimum Depth (in feet) | L-1 | G-1 |
(a) Side/Rear yard when yard abut a non-residential district | ||
(1) Parking areas | 5 | 5 |
(2) Outdoor activities | 5 | 5 |
(b) Side/Rear yard when yard abuts a residential district | ||
(1) Parking areas | 40 | 40 |
(2) Outdoor activities | 100 | 100 |
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.07 HEIGHT REGULATIONS.
Except for appurtenances as defined and regulated in Section 1169.05, the height of a principal or accessory building in any Industrial District shall not exceed forty-five feet.
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.08 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS.
Any use established or changed, and any building or land developed, constructed or used in a Limited Industrial and General Industrial District after the effective date of this Zoning Code (Ord. 1962-66, passed November 26, 1962), shall comply with the performance standards set forth hereinafter for the district in which such use or building is to be located as a precedence to occupancy and use. If any existing use or building is extended, enlarged or reconstructed, the performance standards for the district involved shall apply to such extended, enlarged or reconstructed part or parts of such building or use as a precedence to further use.
(a) Dust and Smoke. Dust and other types of air pollution borne by the wind from sources such as parking areas, storage areas or yards shall be kept to a minimum by appropriate landscaping, paving, oiling and other acceptable treatment.
The emission of smoke, soot, fly ash, fumes and dust shall be controlled by precipitation devices, height of stack, rate of emission or other manner so that the quantity deposited at any Residential or Business District shall not be detrimental to or endanger the public safety, comfort, welfare or adversely affect property values.
(b) Fire and Explosive Hazards.
(1) The storage, utilization and manufacture of materials, goods or products ranging from free to active burning is permitted, provided the materials or products shall be stored, utilized or produced within completely enclosed structures having incombustible exterior walls, and such structure shall be protected throughout by an automatic sprinkler system complying with installation standards prescribed by the National Fire Protection Association.
(2) Materials that produce flammable or explosive vapors or gases under ordinary weather temperatures shall not be permitted in Limited Industrial or General Industrial Districts except such materials as are used or required in emergency equipment or in secondary processes accessory to the main use.
(c) Glare and Heat. Any operation which produces glare or heat contrary to the normal and expected conditions shall be performed within an enclosure in such manner as to not be visible outside the building.
(d) Odorous Matter. The emission of odorous matter in such quantities as to produce a public nuisance or hazard shall not be detectable beyond the lot line in an L-I District and beyond the district boundary line in a G-I District.
(e) Toxic or Noxious Matter. The discharge of toxic or noxious matter across the lot lines wherein such a use is located is prohibited for any period of time and in such concentrations as to be detrimental to or endanger the public health, safety, comfort or welfare or cause injury or damage to property.
(f) Noise. The sound pressure level of any individual operation or operations on a lot in any Industrial District, other than the operation of auto-calls, bells, motor vehicles, sirens or whistles, shall not exceed the average intensity of the street traffic noise at the nearest Residential or Business District.
(g) Vibration. Operations creating intense earth-shaking vibrations shall be set back from and controlled in such a manner as to prevent transmission of vibrations which would be perceptible without the aid of instruments at the lot line in an L-I District or along the district boundary of a G-I District.
(h) Waste Materials. Liquid wastes shall not be discharged into an open reservoir, stream or other open public body of water or a sewer unless treated or controlled so that the amount of solid substances, oils, grease, acids, alkalises and other chemicals shall not exceed the amount permitted by other codes of the State, County or City.
(i) Enforcement. Where determinations can be made by the Building and Zoning Inspector or other authorized City employee, using equipment normally available or obtainable without extraordinary expense, such determinations or evaluation shall be made whenever possible before a notice of violation is issued. Where technical complexity or extraordinary personnel or equipment is required to make the determination, the Planning Commission may, in the case of the offenses under this section, require the owner to either obtain and pay for an independent survey or share in the cost of an independent survey from a professional engineer experienced in the particular specialty.
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.09 ACCESSORY USE REGULATIONS.
Accessory uses, buildings and structures permitted in any Industrial District shall conform to the regulations of this section.
(a) Waste Receptacles. All solid waste products resulting from any permitted principal, conditional or accessory use shall either be disposed of, stored in buildings, or completely enclosed in containers. Such building, container or dumpster may be located in a side or rear yard and shall comply with the minimum parking setbacks established in Schedule 1145.06.
(b) Fences and Walls. Fences and walls may be erected in any Industrial District provided they comply with the regulations of Section 1179.03.
(d) Truck Loading Docks. Truck loading docks shall be recessed, open or enclosed, sufficiently so that no part of a truck shall extend past the front of the building.
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.10 LANDSCAPING AND SCREENING REQUIREMENTS.
Visual screening and landscape buffers shall be provided in accordance with the regulations of Section 1179.03.
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.11 ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT.
The front elevation of all buildings shall be "architecturally treated" with stone, brick, precast concrete or stucco (drivit). The buildings on a corner lot shall have both sides treated. (Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)
1145.12 DEVELOPMENT PLAN REVIEW.
Any new construction of any permitted principal, conditional, or accessory use, or any existing or previously approved development which proposes to expand the floor area, or any change in use which requires a modification in the amount of parking or the site's circulation requires the submission and approval of a development plan pursuant to Section 1109.04.
(Ord. 2020-21. Passed 2-18-20.)