Herndon City Zoning Code

ARTICLE X

- PARKING, LOADING AND CIRCULATION

Sec. 78-100.- Off-street parking, loading and circulation.

The following sections contain provisions pertaining to off-street parking, loading and circulation.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.1. - Off-street parking, generally.

(a)

Purpose and intent. These provisions are intended to relieve traffic congestion in the streets, to minimize any detrimental effects of off-street parking areas on adjacent properties, to provide adequate parking to support the uses, to ensure proper loading configuration and access, and to ensure the proper and uniform development of parking areas throughout the town.

(b)

Applicability. Off-street parking and loading spaces for each use shall be provided in accordance with the standards established in this section.

(c)

Standards. The off-street parking and loading standards of this section shall apply to development in every zoning district unless otherwise stated within this chapter.

(d)

Responsibility for provision. The responsibility for providing the off-street parking and loading required by this section shall be that of the owner of the land requiring parking and loading facilities. Review for compliance with the standards of this section shall occur at the time of any application for official zoning map amendment subject to proffers, special exception, site plan, preliminary subdivision plan, zoning appropriateness permit or zoning inspection permit.

(e)

Change of use. Off-street parking and loading shall be provided for any change of use or manner of operation that would, based on the minimum standards established in this section, result in a requirement for more parking or loading spaces than the existing use. When a proposed use requires more parking spaces than the use it is replacing, the owner, owner's agent, or condominium association shall provide the zoning administrator with a parking study providing a summary of all existing uses and their parking requirements, any vacant square footage and its anticipated parking requirements, and the proposed use and parking requirements and the number of conforming parking spaces.

(f)

Expansions and alterations. The off-street parking and loading standards of this section shall apply when an existing structure or use is expanded, enlarged, or otherwise increased in capacity. For structures and uses that are nonconforming, see Article XVI, Nonconformities.

(g)

Use of stacking area, parking area, or loading space. All vehicular stacking areas, parking areas, and loading spaces required by this section shall be used only for those purposes. Any other use, including but not limited to any repair work or service of any kind, shall constitute a separate commercial use of the space in violation of this chapter. Repair and maintenance of the pavement itself is permitted as needed.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.2. - Minimum off-street parking and loading standards.

(a)

Minimum number of parking spaces required in R-15, R-10, RTC, RM, CS, CO, O&LI, PD-R, PD-B, PD-W, PD-UR zoning districts. Unless otherwise expressly stated in this chapter, off-street parking spaces in the R-15, R-10, RTC, RM, CS, CO, O&LI, PD-R, PD-B, PD-W, PD-UR zoning districts shall be provided in accordance with Table 78-100.2(a): Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, below:

TABLE 78-100.2(a): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS FOR R-15, R-10, RTC, RM, CS, CO, O&LI, PD-R, PD-B, PD-W, PD-UR ZONING DISTRICTS
USE TYPE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF SPACES
RESIDENTIAL USE CATEGORY
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	Public Street Frontage: 2 spaces per dwelling unit with frontage on a public street;
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	Private Street Frontage: 3 spaces per dwelling unit with frontage on a private street.
Duplex and Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse	2.33 spaces per dwelling unit
Multi-Family Dwellings	Efficiency/Studio Unit: 1 space per unit
	One Bedroom Unit: 1.5 spaces per unit
	Two Bedrooms or more: 2 spaces per unit
Housing for the Elderly	1.5 spaces per dwelling unit, plus .25 per dwelling unit for visitors.
Assisted Living for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities and Convalescent Homes for Long and Short-Term Care	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Group Home	1 space per four beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees.
Bed and Breakfast Establishment	1 space per guestroom, in addition to the dwelling's required parking spaces.
EDUCATION USE CATEGORY
Childcare Center, Daycare Center or Preschool	1 space per employee, and 1 space per 5 children at maximum occupancy. As accessory uses, see section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics. See also section 78-71.2.
Post-Secondary Education and Career Schools	1.5 spaces per 2 students of design capacity
School, Public or Private (K-12)	1 space per 15 students, except in the case of schools where students are permitted to drive and park at the school, there shall be 1 parking space per vehicle permitted to park.
GOVERNMENT FACILITIES USE CATEGORY
Government Buildings, Facilities and uses not Otherwise Categorized	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
INSTITUTIONAL USE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES USE CATEGORY
Cemetery	See section 78-100.3(b) Uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Community Centers	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
Convalescent Home	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Hospital	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Library	1 space per 500 square feet of floor area.
Museum, Fine Arts Center	1 space per 500 square feet of floor area.
Religious Institution, with or without any Accessory Schools, Daycare Centers, or Recreational Facilities	1 space per 4 worship spaces in the principal place of worship.
Senior Center	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
Social Service and Similar Community Service Uses	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
EATING ESTABLISHMENTS USE CATEGORY
Restaurant	1 space per 4 seats, plus 1 per each 2 employees on duty during peak shift.
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION FACILITIES, SMALL
Craft Breweries, Micro-Distilleries, Micro-Cideries, Micro-Wineries (without on-site vineyards)	1 space per 150 per square feet of gross floor area.
Brewpubs	1 space per four 4 seats plus 1 per each 2 employees on duty during peak shift for any floor area dedicated to the eating establishment. 1 space per 150 square feet of gross floor area dedicated to the alcohol production facility.
OFFICE USE CATEGORY
All Office Uses, excluding any medical or health related services (see "health care facility")	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
INDOOR ENTERTAINMENT USE CATEGORY
Commercial Recreation/Entertainment, Indoor	1 space per each 3 seats or other accommodations, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENT USE CATEGORY
Commercial Recreation/Entertainment, Outdoor	1 space per each 3 seats or other accommodations, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
Private Swimming Pools	1 space per each 3 persons included in the capacity for the facility, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
PERSONAL SERVICES AND RETAIL SALES USE CATEGORY
Animal Hospital, Animal Shelter, Kennel, Pet Day Care, Veterinary Clinic and similar uses.	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area.
Artist's Studio or Gallery	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area
Dry-cleaning/Laundry Drop-Off and Pick-Up Without On-site Cleaning, Laundromats	1 space per 250 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 per establishment.
Durable Goods Sales	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area.
Financial Institution	1 space per 300 square feet of floor area.
Funeral Home	1 space per each 5 seats, provided that there shall be not less than 20 spaces for each chapel or parlor. 1 space for each employee, hearse, ambulance and other business-related vehicles shall be provided.
Health Care Facility including Medical Offices	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
Health Care Laboratory	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area
Mailing and packing service	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area.
Personal services, general	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
Pharmacy	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
Product Repair and Services	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 spaces per establishment.
Retail Sales	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
School of Special Instruction	1 space per 2 students at peak hour capacity. See also section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Other Personal Services and Retail Sales Uses	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area.
VEHICLE SALES AND SERVICES USE CATEGORY
Vehicle Rental and Sales as a Principal Use	1 customer and 1 employee parking space for each 1,200 square feet of display area.
Vehicle Repair; Transmission and Muffler Shops, Sales of Vehicle Parts and Tires	3 for each repair bay for the servicing of vehicles, not including the repair bay, plus 1 parking space for each employee on duty.
Vehicle Full Service Wash and Detailing	20 standing or parking spaces for waiting vehicles for each wash rack, plus 1 parking space for each 2 employees.
Recreational Vehicle Rental and Sales	1 customer and 1 employee parking space for each 1,200 square feet of display area.
LODGING BUSINESSES USE CATEGORY
Conference Center	1 per guestroom
Hotel, Motel or Inn	1 per guestroom
COMMERCIAL UTILITIES USE CATEGORY
Commercial Communication Tower, Freestanding	1 per site
Electrical Substation	1 per site
Telecommunication Switching Station	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Utility-Related Maintenance and Storage Yards	See section 78-100.3.B, uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE USE CATEGORY
Dry Cleaning or Laundry Plants	1 per 250 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 spaces for any one establishment.
Scientific Research and Scientific Development	1 per 300 square feet of gross floor area
All Other Industrial Service Uses	Uses consisting of the manufacture, processing, assembly, or storage, the following spaces shall be assigned: 1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
All Other Industrial Service Uses	All others: 1 per 300 square feet of gross floor area
LIGHT MANUFACTURING USE CATEGORY
Light manufacturing Uses	For uses consisting of the manufacture, processing, assembly, or storage associated with retail uses, the following spaces shall be assigned: 1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Light manufacturing Uses	Otherwise shall not include elevator shafts, structured parking or atrium space not designed for occupancy and not occupied.
SELF-SERVICE STORAGE USE CATEGORY
Self-Service Storage Uses	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING USE CATEGORY
Bus Maintenance Facility for Public Bus Service	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Parking Facility, Commercial, Permanent	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
WAREHOUSING USE CATEGORY
Electronic Warehousing	1 per 6,000 square feet of floor area designated for such use.
Warehouse (storage)	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
WHOLESALE SALES USE CATEGORY
Contractor's Materials	1 space for each 400 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Wholesale Establishment	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.

(b)

Minimum number of parking spaces required in PD-TD, CC AND PD-D zoning districts. Unless otherwise expressly stated in this chapter, off-street parking spaces in the PD-TD, CC, PD-D zoning districts shall be provided in accordance with Table 78-100.2(b): Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, below:

TABLE 78-100.2(b): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS IN THE PD-TD, CC and PD-D ZONING DISTRICTS (see section 78-100.7 for public parking options)
USE TYPE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF CAR SPACES	REQUIRED NUMBER OF BICYCLE SPACES
RESIDENTIAL USE CATEGORY
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	2 spaces per dwelling	0
Duplex, Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse Dwellings	2 spaces per dwelling	0
Multi-Family	1.5 spaces per dwelling unit	1 interior or exterior long-term covered space per every 5 units; 1 short-term space per every 12 units
OFFICE
Office Uses including General Business, Medical, Professional and Governmental	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
COMMERCIAL
Retail, Personal Service	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Restaurant, and other Nonresidential and Non-Office Uses	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Craft Breweries, Micro-Distilleries, Micro Cideries, Micro-Wineries (without on-site Vineyard)	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Brewpubs (eating establishment where food is prepared and served but also to produce alcoholic beverages on a small scale)	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area

(c)

Minimum number of parking spaces required in PD-TOC. Unless otherwise expressly stated in this chapter, off-street parking spaces in the PD-TOC, zoning district shall be provided in accordance with Table 78-100.2(c): Table of Parking Standards PD-TOC.

TABLE 78-100.2(c): PARKING STANDARDS PD-TOC GFA = Gross Floor Area (in square feet)
USE	SPACE PER UNIT OF MEASURE	MINIMUM PARKING LONG- TERM USE	MINIMUM PARKING INTERIM USE	MINIMUM BICYCLE PARKING
Residential	Per Dwelling Unit	1.0	1.6	0.75
Hotel	Per Hotel Unit	.75	.90	0.10
Hotel with Conference Center	Per Hotel Unit	1.0	1.2	0.15
Retail, Personal Service, Restaurant (including all ground-floor public assembly space and retail space)	Per 1,000 GFA	1.25	3.0	0.25
Office and Other Nonresidential/Hotel Uses above the Ground-Floor	Per 1,000 GFA	2.0	3.0	.20

(d)

Loading space standards. The minimum number of off-street loading spaces shall be provided on-site for all developments specified in Table 78-100.2(d): Required Off-Street Loading Spaces, depending on the use or its gross floor area.

TABLE 78-100.2(d) REQUIRED MINIMUM OFF-STREET LOADING SPACES GFA = Gross Floor Area (in square feet)
LAND USE	GROSS FLOOR AREA (in square feet)	MINIMUM NUMBER OF SPACES
Multi-Family Uses with More than 50 Units	N/A	1 per each 200 units or fraction thereof
Offices and Personal Service Establishments	6,000 +	1
Space Used by, Designed for, or Adaptable to Retail Use	3,000—14,999	1
	15,000—49,999	2
	50,000—99,999	3
	100,000 +	4, plus 1 for each additional 100,000 gfa above 100,000 sf
Telecommunications Uses	6,000 +	1 per each 6,000 gfa
Wholesale, Light Industrial and Manufacturing Uses	Up to 15,000	1
	15,000—49,999	2
	50,000 +	3, plus 1 per each additional 50,000 gfa above 50,000 sf
All Other Commercial and Industrial Uses	Less than 40,000	1
	40,000 to 100,000	2
	100,000—160,000	3
	160,000—240,000	4
	240,000—320,000	5
	320,000—400,000	6
	Above 400,000	1 per each 90,000 GFA above 400,000 GFA of area

(e)

Minimum number of parking spaces required in PD-TRG1 and PD-TRG2 zoning districts. Unless otherwise expressly stated in this chapter, off-street parking spaces in the PD-TRG1 and PD-TRG2 zoning districts shall be provided in accordance with Table 78-100.2(e): Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, below:

TABLE 78-100.2(e): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING IN THE PD-TRG1 AND PD-TRG2 DISTRICTS
USE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF CAR SPACES	REQUIRED NUMBER OF BICYCLE PARKING
Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse Dwellings	2 spaces per dwelling unit	1 space per every 10 units, to be located on common area.
Multifamily Residential	1.25 spaces per dwelling unit; may be reduced to 1 space per dwelling unit for properties located within 0.25 miles of the Herndon Metro Station and the submission of a Transportation Demand Management Plan.	1 space per every 5 units
Non-residential uses	1 space per 500 square feet of gross floor area

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017; Ord. No. 19-O-20, § 1, 7-9-2019; Ord. No. 25-O-01, § 1, 1-28-2025; Ord. No. 25-O-13, § 1, 8-12-2025)

Sec. 78-100.3. - Determination of off-street parking and loading requirements (including mixed uses, variable uses, unspecified uses, and accessible spaces).

(a)

Parking and loading standards for unlisted uses. Parking and loading standards for uses not specifically listed in Tables 78-100.2(a)—(c), Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, or Table 78-100(d), Required Off-Street Loading Spaces, shall be determined by the zoning administrator based on the standards for the closest comparable use or by reference to standard parking and loading resources published by the National Parking Association or the American Planning Association. The zoning administrator may alternately require, for such uses not specifically listed, that the applicant submit a parking or loading demand study that justifies estimates of parking or loading demand based on the recommendations of the Institute of Traffic Engineers or other credible source, and includes relevant data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same or comparable to the proposed use in terms of density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location.

(b)

Parking and loading standards for uses with variable parking demand characteristics. Uses that reference this section in Table 78-100.2(a), Minimum Off-street Parking Standards for the R-15, R-10, RTC, RM, CS, CO, O&LI, PD-R, PD-B, PD-W zoning districts, may have widely varying parking and loading demand characteristics, making it difficult to establish a single off-street parking or loading standard. Upon receiving a development application for a use subject to these standards, the zoning administrator shall apply the off-street parking and loading standard specified for the listed use that is deemed most similar to the proposed use or establish minimum off-street parking standards on the basis of a parking and loading study prepared by the applicant. Such a study shall include estimates of parking demand based on recommendations of the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE), or other acceptable estimates as approved by the zoning administrator, and should include other reliable data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same as or comparable with the proposed use. Comparability will be determined by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location. The study shall document the source of data used to develop the recommendations.

(c)

Parking standards for mixed uses. Unless otherwise approved, lots containing more than one use shall provide parking spaces in an amount equal to the total of the requirements for all individual uses.

(d)

Parking standards for accessible spaces for persons with disabilities. When provided as a required accessibility improvement, accessible off-street parking spaces and related access aisles and accessible routes shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code and the Town of Herndon Public Facilities Manual. Additional information concerning the number of required accessible parking spaces for persons with disabilities as well as required signage should be obtained from the office of the Town of Herndon building official.

(e)

Parking standards for religious institutions. Required parking spaces may be located on a parking lot which is accessory to another principal use which is not open or operating at the time worship services are conducted if this lot is located within 600 feet by the shortest route of effective pedestrian access, from the religious institution.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.4. - Computation of off-street parking and loading requirements.

(a)

Computation of required off-street parking spaces. The following provisions shall be used for the purpose of computing required off-street standing and parking or loading space:

(1)

Gross floor area. The gross floor area shall be used where calculations are based on floor area. For office uses, health care laboratory, scientific research and development, light manufacturing, gross floor area calculations shall not include elevator shafts, structured parking or atrium space not designed for occupancy and not occupied.

(2)

Fractional spaces. When application of the requirements would result in a fractional space, the fraction shall be counted as one space.

(3)

Uncertainty of proposed use. If there is any uncertainty as to the amount of parking space required as a result of indefiniteness of the proposed use of the building or land, the maximum requirement for the general type of use that is involved shall govern.

(b)

Maximum number of spaces permitted for commercial or service and industrial uses. For any use categorized as a commercial or service and industrial use in Table 78-72(d), Table of Principal Permitted and Allowed Uses, off-street vehicle parking spaces shall not be provided in an amount that is more than 125 percent of the minimum requirements established in Table 78-100.2(a), Minimum Off-street Parking Standards.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.5. - Construction, dimension and design standards for off-street parking, loading and stacking.

(a)

Construction of parking and loading areas. Construction of off-street parking and loading areas shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Approval required. Construction of any parking area shall require review and approval in accordance with the terms of this chapter.

(2)

Construction of off-street parking and loading facilities before zoning permit issuance. All off-street parking and loading facilities shall be completed prior to the issuance of a zoning inspection permit or a zoning appropriateness permit for the use or uses they serve. In the case of phased development, off-street parking and loading need only be provided for the portions of the development for which a zoning inspection permit or zoning appropriateness permit is being issued.

(3)

Construction materials. The ground surface of parking and stacking areas shall be paved with a durable, dust free and hard material, such as bituminous hot mix or Portland cement, concrete, or some comparable material. Such paving shall be maintained for safe and convenient use at all times. See also section 78-100.8(b)(4), standards for alternative materials.

(b)

Dimensional standards for parking spaces and aisles. Off-street parking spaces, areas and access aisles areas shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Dimensions of parking spaces and aisles. Notwithstanding similar provisions in the Herndon Public Facilities Manual, the minimum dimensions for standard car parking spaces and parking lot aisles shall be provided as shown in Table 78-100.4(b)(1): Dimensional Standards for Parking Spaces and Aisles; below:

TABLE 78-100(b)(1) DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS FOR PARKING SPACES AND AISLES
PARKING ANGLE	STALL WIDTH (FT)	DEPTH OF STALLS (FT) PERPENDICULAR TO AISLE	ONE-WAY AISLE	TWO-WAY AISLE (FT)*
45°	8.5	19.0	15.5	18.0
60°	8.5	20.0	17.0	19.0
90°	8.5	18.0 (See section 78-100(b)(2))	23.0	23.0

(2)

Fire lanes and aisle width. Where required, fire lanes shall comply with the Virginia Uniform Statewide Fire Prevention Code as amended by the Fairfax County Code as found in the Town of Herndon adopted Public Facilities Manual.

(3)

Depth of stall reduction. For a parking space at a 90 degree angle the depth of the stall may be reduced by up to one and one-half feet where the zoning administrator determines that adequate "head-in" overhang exists exclusive of required planting or screening requirements, and sidewalks.

(4)

Dimensions of parking spaces within parking structures. Parking structures may be subject to dimensional adjustments based on utilization, but in no case, shall the standard space width be less than eight and one-half feet. Reduction in design standards shall be subject to approval by the approving authority.

(c)

Design of parking and stacking areas. Every stacking and parking area shall be provided with safe and convenient access to a street and shall be improved in accordance with the standards of this section:

(1)

Sufficient area and access. For every land use, there shall be provided sufficient area for access by and for the off-street standing and parking of all motor vehicles that may be expected to come to the establishment at any time under normal conditions for any purpose, whether driven by patrons, customers, purveyors, guests, employees or otherwise.

(2)

Access to public streets and alleys. All parking areas shall be located and designed so as to avoid undue interference with the use of public streets and alleys. Parking areas shall provide suitable maneuvering room so that all vehicles may enter an abutting street in a forward direction.

(3)

Backing into public streets generally prohibited. The backing of a motor vehicle onto a public street from a parking area shall be prohibited, except from lots used for single-family detached, townhouse, and two-family dwellings.

(4)

Visibility of parking areas. To the extent possible, the visibility of parking areas from public streets shall be reduced by placing at least 20 to 40 percent of the parking to the rear or side of buildings facing public streets. Ideally, no more than one two-sided bay of nose-in parking should be placed between the building(s) and the street.

(5)

Required distance from buildings. All parking areas, other than spaces required on individual lots for single-family detached or single-family attached dwellings, and attached parking garages, shall be separated at least ten feet from buildings to allow room for sidewalks, landscaping, and other plantings between the building and the parking area. This separation may be eliminated in the rear of buildings in areas designed for unloading and loading of materials.

(6)

Sufficient access for parking and removal of vehicles. In calculating any required parking area (other than for parking spaces required for single-family detached, townhouse, and two-family dwellings), sufficient access and maneuver space shall be provided to permit the parking and removal of any vehicle without moving other vehicles.

(7)

Delineation of spaces. All parking spaces shall be delineated and periodically restored to maintain a clear identification of separate parking stalls.

(8)

Screening and landscaping. Screening and landscaping for off-street parking and vehicular stacking areas shall be provided as required in section 78-110.5, vehicular use areas.

(9)

Exterior lighting. Exterior lighting for stacking areas and parking areas shall comply with the standards in section 78-130.9, exterior lighting standards.

(10)

Maintenance. Parking facilities shall be continually maintained in compliance with the approved site plan or subdivision plan, and shall be free of litter and debris at all times.

(d)

Driveways for individual residential units shall be a minimum length of 20 feet.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017; Ord. No. 25-O-01, § 1, 1-28-2025)

Sec. 78-100.6. - Dimension and design standards for off-street loading spaces.

(a)

Dimensional standards for off-street loading space and access aisles. Each loading space required by this section shall be at least 17 feet wide by 25 feet long (or deep), with at least 14 feet of overhead clearance. Each loading space shall have adequate, unobstructed means for the ingress and egress of vehicles, and a minimum aisle width of 24 feet.

(b)

Design standards for off-street loading spaces. Off-Street loading spaces shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Location. The spaces shall be located adjacent to the buildings, loading doors, in an area that promotes their practical use.

(2)

Delineation and signage. All loading spaces shall be delineated by signage and striping and labeling of the pavement.

(3)

Access. Every loading area shall be provided with safe and convenient access to a street, but in no case, shall the loading space extend into the required aisle of the parking lot.

(4)

Materials. The ground surface of loading areas shall be paved with a durable, dust free and hard material, such as bituminous hot mix or Portland cement, concrete, or some comparable material. Such paving shall be maintained for safe and convenient use at all times.

(5)

Landscaping. Loading areas shall be landscaped in accordance with section 78-110.5, vehicular use areas and section 78-114.2, Screening Standards for certain features.

(6)

Exterior lighting. Exterior lighting for loading areas shall comply with the standards in section 78-130.9, exterior lighting standards.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.7. - Public parking options.

(a)

Public shared parking. Parking requirements may be met through public shared parking in certain areas of the town, subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Applicability. The provisions of this subsection apply to land designated planned development downtown (PD-D), planned development traditional downtown (PD-TD) and land zoned central commercial district (CC) in sectors 1 and 2 of the Herndon Downtown, as described in the Herndon 2030 Comprehensive Plan, adopted August 12, 2008 as amended (sectors 1 and 2), where the development applicant has voluntarily respectively proffered or chosen participation in the public shared parking program. In the absence of such a proffer or choice, the other parking requirements set out in this chapter apply to the development.

(2)

Purpose. The town plans for the provision of public shared parking spaces to serve development and revitalization in sectors 1 and 2. It is the policy of the town that provision of public shared parking spaces or facilities shall be a public-private undertaking to advance the town's public purpose of providing public parking in sectors 1 and 2 for new and expanding development so that the public benefit may be served and sectors 1 and 2 may be adaptively reused and revitalized.

(3)

Procedure. If public shared parking spaces are available at the time of town council adoption of a zoning map amendment, or staff approval of a site plan or permit, in lieu of providing parking spaces to fulfill the off-street parking standards of this chapter a development applicant or owner may respectively proffer or elect to pay to the town 60 percent of the per space capital cost per subsection 78-100.7(a)(4), below and 50 percent of the per space yearly operation, maintenance and administration cost.

(4)

Public shared parking cost calculations. Capital and operations costs for public shared parking spaces shall be determined and certified by the town manager, based on an annual review of parking construction costs for projects of comparable scale in the Washington Metropolitan Area or the Commonwealth of Virginia. The projected capital cost of public shared parking spaces to serve development and revitalization in sectors 1 and 2 of the Herndon Downtown is approximately $14,700.00 per space; and annual cost of operations, maintenance and administration of public shared parking spaces is $156.00 per space. The town council, by ordinance, may prospectively adjust the capital cost and the yearly cost for operation, maintenance and administration to reflect the actual cost of these elements, as determined by certification of the town manager. The adjustment may not occur more than once every calendar year.

(5)

Computation of public shared parking space and loading requirements. The following standards shall apply to public shared parking:

Parking space standards shall be computed at the rate of 3.3 spaces per 1,000 gross square feet of nonresidential floor area in the proposed development.

Parking space standards shall be computed at the rate of 1.5 per dwelling unit of which only 0.5 or less may be in the form of public shared parking. Public shared parking for residential development is limited to multi-family uses.

In case of conflict with the standards in Table 78-100.2(a), the standards in this subsection prevail.

Reserved spaces shall not be counted for the purpose of computing the required number of spaces except those spaces reserved for and marked for use by persons with disabilities.

There shall be no double counting of public shared parking spaces.

In cases where public shared parking is used (see section 78-100.7(a)) the developer or owner shall provide loading spaces on site, unless physically impossible due to existing development, as determined by the zoning administrator. In the latter case, the developer or owner may provide such spaces in the public shared parking lot or facility by special arrangements, to accommodate loading space size requirements.

(6)

Limitations on use of public shared parking areas. Vehicle storage, vehicle repair and recreational vehicle parking shall not be permitted in public shared parking areas.

(7)

Town authority and public shared parking facilities. Any public shared parking provided by the town, shall be controlled by the town through lease, license, or fee ownership of the land, real estate, or other facilities within sectors 1 and 2 for public shared parking pursuant to this section. The town shall provide such land, real estate, or other facilities upon the physical occupancy of such building or structure, to which such parking pertains, as certified in writing by the zoning administrator and filed in the office of the town clerk. The town council shall declare by resolution public land, real estate, or other facilities to be used for public shared parking. The town council by resolution may amend the declaration; may substitute new land, real estate, or other facilities for land, real estate or other facilities formerly so declared; or may release land, real estate, or other facilities from such a declaration. The gross number of spaces designated by the town and available as set out above as public shared parking shall be equivalent to or greater than the gross number of spaces allocated through development approval for participation in the public shared parking program.

(8)

Public shared parking option runs with land. A public shared parking option shall attach to the land and bind the successors and assigns of the person who applied for and is provided the rights and responsibilities of public shared parking.

(9)

Town retains police power over public land used for public shared parking facilities. In declaring public land to be used for public shared parking, the town council retains full police power over the land. The land shall be characterized as land in the nature of a public street or public square. The town council, among other powers, may restrict condition, authorize temporary private use of under general law, temporarily prevent, or otherwise control the terms of public use of this land, while substantively realizing the goal of providing public parking.

(b)

Public parking alternative. Parking requirements may be met through a public parking alternative in certain areas of the town, subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Applicability. The provisions of this subsection apply to land designated planned development downtown (PD-D), planned development traditional downtown (PD-TD) and land zoned central commercial district (CC) in sectors 1 and 2 of the Herndon Downtown, as described in the Herndon 2030 Comprehensive Plan, adopted August 12, 2008 as amended (sectors 1 and 2), where the development applicant has voluntarily respectively proffered or chosen participation in the public parking alternative program. In the absence of such a proffer or choice, the other parking requirements set out in this chapter apply to the development.

(2)

Purpose. The town plans for the provision of an adequate number of public parking spaces to serve development and revitalization in sectors 1 and 2. It is the policy of the town that provision of public parking spaces or facilities shall be a public-private undertaking to advance the town's public purpose of providing public parking in sectors 1 and 2 so that the public benefit may be served and sectors 1 and 2 may be adaptively reused and revitalized.

(3)

Procedure. A development applicant may respectively proffer or elect to dedicate to the town up to 100 percent of those parking spaces serving proposed ground floor commercial uses, and up to 0.5 parking spaces per proposed multi-family unit located on the property in question.

(4)

Public parking alternative payment calculations. The town shall pay to the development applicant or its successor 40 percent of the per space capital cost, to be determined at the time of proffer or dedication, and 50 percent of the per space yearly operation, maintenance and administration cost. Such capital and operations costs shall be determined and certified by the town manager, based on an annual review of parking construction costs for projects of comparable scale in the Washington Metropolitan Area and Commonwealth of Virginia. The town council, by ordinance, may prospectively adjust the capital cost and the yearly cost for operation, maintenance and administration to reflect the actual cost of these elements, as determined by certification of the town manager. The adjustment may not occur more than once every calendar year.

(5)

Computation of spaces for the public parking alternative. The following standards shall apply to parking provided under the public parking alternative.

Parking space standards shall be computed at the rate of 3.3 spaces per 1,000 gross square feet of ground floor commercial space in the proposed development. Additional commercial square footage shall be parked on site and paid for in full by the developer or private property owner.

Parking space standards for multi-family units shall be computed at the rate of 1.5 per dwelling unit of which only 0.5 or less may be in the form of parking under the public parking alternative program. The developer or private property owner shall be responsible for providing the remaining private parking spaces per unit at full cost.

In case of conflict with the standards of Table 78-100.2(a) the standards in this subsection prevail.

(6)

Limitations on use of public parking alternative areas. Vehicle storage, vehicle repair and recreational vehicle parking shall not be permitted in public parking alternative areas.

(7)

Public parking alternative option runs with land. The public parking alternative option shall attach to the land and bind the successors and assigns of the person who applied for and is provided the rights and responsibilities of public shared parking.

(8)

Town authority and public parking alternative program spaces. Spaces designated as public though the public parking alternative program shall be under the control of the town and the town shall have the authority to control and manage the public parking as it sees fit. The town council shall possess full police power over the portion of land or structure designated as public though the public parking alternative program land. The land shall be characterized as land in the nature of a public street or public square. The town council, among other powers, may restrict, condition, authorize temporary private use of under general law, temporarily prevent, or otherwise control the terms of public use of this land, while substantively realizing the goal of providing public parking.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.8. - Parking alternatives.

(a)

Town council review. For developments that are the subject of a zoning map amendment, special exception, or preliminary subdivision plan, the town council may consider, approve, or disapprove requests for the following alternatives to providing the number of required off-street parking spaces required by Table 78-100.2 Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards, in accordance with the respective standards.

(1)

Inter-parcel access. For all developments, the town council by ordinance, may determine to approve an inter-parcel connection with a corresponding reduction of parking as to the requirements of Table 78-100.2(a) Minimum Off-street Parking Standards. Any such reduction shall be the minimum necessary to accommodate the inter-parcel connection.

(2)

Standards for inter-parcel access. The town council shall be guided by these standards in the determination for inter-parcel access: (i) improvement in the traffic or pedestrian safety or convenience of traffic circulation; and adequate storm water management.

(3)

Inter-parcel access agreement. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require an applicant landowner to achieve an inter-parcel connection agreement with another adjacent landowner. The town council however, may require that the applicant landowner make physical or planning provisions for the eventual completion of an inter-parcel connector to achieve the reduced parking to accommodate the inter-parcel connection. Any agreement to achieve inter-parcel connection must be in recordable form and recorded by the parties to the agreement in the land records of the Circuit Court of Fairfax County.

(b)

Zoning administrator review. For developments that have not been approved under a zoning map amendment, special exception, or preliminary subdivision plan, and are the subject of a zoning inspection permit or a zoning appropriateness permit, the zoning administrator may consider requests for the following alternatives to mitigate existing conditions that may be insurmountable or too onerous to provide the number of required off-street parking spaces required by Table 78-100.2(a): Minimum Off-street Parking Standards, in accordance with the respective standards.

(1)

Standards for private shared parking for land uses with different operating hours or different peak business periods.

Shared parking spaces are to be located within 500 feet of the primary entrance of all uses served, unless remote parking shuttle bus service is provided. Shared parking spaces are not separated from the use they serve by an arterial or collector road. In addition, adequate and safe pedestrian access is provided from and to the shared parking areas.

A shared parking area is located on a site with the same or more intensive zoning classification than required for the primary uses served.

Those wishing to use shared parking as a means of satisfying the off-street parking standards must submit a shared parking request to the zoning administrator that justifies the feasibility of shared parking. Justification includes information on the size and type of the proposed development, the composition of tenants, the anticipated rate of parking turnover, and the anticipated peak parking and traffic loads for all uses that share off-street parking spaces.

The maximum reduction in the number of parking spaces required for all uses sharing the parking area shall be 35 percent.

Directional signage that meets the requirements of this chapter shall be added to direct the public to the shared parking spaces. It is preferable for the employees of the affected establishment to utilize these spaces.

A shared parking plan is enforced through written agreement among all owners of record. An attested copy of the agreement between the owners of record is submitted to the zoning administrator for review prior to its recordation by the owners. Recordation of the agreement takes place before issuance of a building permit, zoning inspection permit or zoning appropriateness permit for any use to be served by the shared parking area. A shared parking agreement may be revoked by the applicant only if all required off-street parking spaces are provided in accordance with the requirements of Table 78-100.2(a): Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards. If the zoning administrator determines that a change in use of any establishment involved in the shared parking agreement necessitates a change in the agreement to satisfy the parking requirements of the new use or uses, the applicant shall amend the agreement accordingly and provide the additional parking needed to comply with the parking requirements of Table 78-100.2(a): Minimum Off-Street Parking Standards.

(2)

Off-site parking. Parking shall be located on the same site as the principal use. Parking that is off-site and off-street may be permitted only where there are practical difficulties in the location of the parking area on-site or if the public safety or public convenience, or both, is better served by the location of required parking on another parcel of land. The zoning administrator may permit off-site parking if the zoning administrator determines that the following standards are met:

The parking area is located on land under the same ownership or the use it serves.

A pedestrian way, not more than 600 feet in length, is established from the parking area to the use to be served.

The parking area is convenient to use without causing unreasonable:

Hazard to pedestrians;

Hazard to vehicular traffic;

Traffic congestion;

Interference with commercial activity or convenient access to other parking areas in the vicinity;

Detriment to the appropriate use of business property in the vicinity; or

Detriment to any abutting residential neighborhood.

(3)

Standards for valet and tandem parking. Tandem parking is permitted for nonresidential uses only if all of the standards below are satisfied:

Limited tandem parking for commercial and industrial uses is provided only for development that requires 75 or more parking spaces.

No more than 30 percent of the total number of spaces is designated as tandem.

A valet parking attendant is on duty during hours of operation.

(4)

Standards for alternative materials. The zoning administrator may approve alternative materials based on the following standards:

Porous parking area surfacing may be considered for purposes of facilitating on-site stormwater control or environmental conservation. It is not intended for porous parking area surfacing to facilitate temporary parking arrangements or economy of site development.

In accordance with the Herndon Public Facilities Manual, as a special asphaltic paving material that allows stormwater to infiltrate at a high rate. Infiltrated water is temporarily retained below the pavement within a high-void aggregate base. Porous pavement is applicable as a substitute for conventional asphalt pavement on parking areas.

Porous parking area surfacing materials are not located on easements for underground utilities, in accordance with the Herndon Public Facilities Manual.

In accordance with section 78-115(a), for a reduction in the minimum number of required parking spaces for tree preservation, alternative paving materials may be required by the zoning administrator in cases where required parking areas encroach upon critical root zones.

Porous parking areas are properly maintained.

Where possible porous parking area surfacing materials are used in areas proximate to and in combination with on-site stormwater control devices.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.9. - Parking restrictions and specific standards for certain uses and in certain districts.

(a)

Limitations on tandem parking for residential uses. For any residential use, a maximum of three tandem (stacked) spaces, inclusive of garage parking, shall be permitted on a per dwelling unit basis to meet the required parking in accordance with the following standards:

(1)

For residents only. Vehicles using any stacked parking spaces shall be under the control and use of residents of the same dwelling unit.

(2)

Townhouses. For townhouse dwellings, no more than two-thirds of the required parking shall be met using tandem spaces.

(3)

Multi-family. For multi-family dwellings, no more than ten percent of the required parking shall be met using tandem spaces.

(b)

Limitations on parking in residential districts. The follow regulations apply in the R-10, R-15, RTC, and RM districts

(1)

Parking must be on same parcel. Off-street parking areas and off-street loading space appurtenant to any use permitted in residential districts shall be provided on the same parcel of land occupied by the use to which the area or space is appurtenant.

(2)

No parking in required yards. No person shall park any motor vehicle, vehicle, trailer, or semi-trailer on the front, side or rear yard of any lot, improved with a single-family dwelling, zoned for residential use, except on a lawfully paved surface. For corner lots, the front yard for this purpose shall be the lot area bounded by streets, the side lot lines, and the dwelling facades that face the streets. In accordance with Article III, Residential Districts, the minimum distance between paved surface and the property line shall be two feet.

(3)

Limitation on paved area. Except on any lot improved with a single-family attached dwelling, no paved surface used for parking shall exceed 35 percent of the size of the front yard of the lot. See also the table of dimensional standards in section 78-30.6, Specific Use Standards for Residential Districts, and section 78-80.1(g)(2), Restricted in Residential Zoning Districts, and other applicable standards from Article VIII, Accessory Uses and Structures.

(4)

Limitations on recreational vehicles in residential districts. Recreational vehicles owned or rented by occupants of the property may be parked on private property in residential districts in accordance with the following requirements and shall not be parked within required parking spaces:

For single-family detached and duplex dwellings, recreational vehicles shall be parked on a paved surface behind the front setback line of the principal structure and shall not exceed two recreational vehicles per dwelling.

For townhouse dwellings, recreational vehicles may be parked in community designated parking areas provided that the parking area was designated for recreational vehicles and approved on a site plan. The total number of recreational vehicles parked in the designated parking area at any one time may not exceed one per five dwellings. The designated parking area shall be screened from view of the public right-of-way.

For multi-family dwellings, recreational vehicles may be parked in designated parking areas provided that the parking area is no closer than 200 feet to any public right-of-way, and the use of the parking area for these purposes was shown on an approved site plan or was otherwise approved by the zoning administrator, in writing. The designated parking area shall be screened from view of the public right-of-way. The total number of recreational vehicles parked in the designated parking area at any one time may not exceed one per five dwellings.

(5)

Limitations on commercial vehicles in residential districts. The parking of commercial vehicles in residential districts shall comply with the following standard and parking of commercial vehicles on private property used for residential purposes in areas zoned for residential use shall conform to the following regulations:

Except as provided below in this section, no person shall park any commercial vehicle on private property used for residential purposes in the town in areas zoned for residential use, except in a fully enclosed building with a vehicle door not exceeding nine feet in height over grade.

No person shall park any commercial vehicle on private property used for residential purposes in the town in areas zoned for residential use in a fully enclosed (or other) building with a vehicle door exceeding nine feet in height over grade.

One resident of each single-family detached or attached, garden court, or two-family dwelling unit in areas zoned for residential use may park, per dwelling unit, outside a fully enclosed building, one vehicle licensed as a taxicab or limousine on such private property or one vehicle described in subparagraph (8) of the definition of commercial vehicle found in section 42-1 of this Code or one pick-up truck that is used for a commercial purpose but without external racks or ladders; and, for lots or parcels 20,000 square feet or more in size, one step van or panel truck with a registered gross weight, or gross vehicle weight rating as defined in Code of Virginia § 46.2-341.4, of 12,000 pounds or more, behind the rear building line of the main building, provided in all such cases other vehicles are permitted to park there.

One resident of each multi-family residential unit in areas zoned for residential use may park, per dwelling unit, outside a fully enclosed building, one vehicle licensed as a taxicab or limousine or one vehicle described in subparagraph (8) of the definition of commercial vehicle found in section 42-1 of the Herndon Code or one pick-up truck that is used for a commercial purpose but without external racks or ladders, (i) on such private property, provided other vehicles are permitted to park there; or (ii) in lawfully designated private community parking areas (if any) approved for parking of commercial vehicles in writing by the entity managing the private community parking area. Or, (if no such managing entity exists and for zoning purposes only) the zoning administrator may make such designation using the following standards: mitigation of visual, auditory, and operational effects on residents of the surrounding residential area and prevention of use of residential property for commercial purposes.

The provisions of this section shall not apply to a commercial vehicle when picking up or discharging passengers or when temporarily parked pursuant to the performance of work or service at a particular location.

(c)

Limitations on parking in commercial districts and industrial districts. Parking of recreational vehicles for over 12 hours is prohibited within business districts in accordance with section 78-80.4(q)(7), recreational vehicle parking and storage.

(d)

Specific parking, loading and circulation standards for the PD-TOC district. The following standards pertaining to parking, loading and circulation shall apply in the PD-TOC District.

(1)

Access drives. Motor vehicle, service and emergency access associated with development governed by a development plan as described in section 78-802, density, shall be designed as described within the Urban Design and Architectural Guidelines for the Herndon Transit-Oriented Core. Such access drives, whether located within one parcel or across multiple parcels, shall not be less than 40 feet in width from building façade to building façade. Any vehicle standing or parking accommodations shall be in addition to the 40-foot minimum width.

(2)

Parking requirements by use in the PD-TOC districts. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 78-100.3, off-street parking standards, parking for uses established in the PD-TOC district shall be provided as set forth below. In connection with its approval of a development plan pursuant to section 78-50.8 or upon separate application by one or more property owners, the town council may reduce the minimum off-street parking and loading requirements for a proposed development when it is demonstrated by the applicant and determined by the council that such reduction furthers the goals of the adopted comprehensive plan. In support of an application for a reduction in parking and loading spaces, the applicant shall submit a statement regarding how the proposed number of parking and loading spaces is adequate to serve the proposed uses within the development; a descriptions of any planned valet parking, tandem parking, and shuttle arrangements that will be implemented for the proposed use(s) and how such spaces or shuttles will be managed; and a statement regarding how the proposed number of parking spaces addresses the goals of the comprehensive plan. Required bicycle parking shall not be on balconies or within public rights-of-way.

(3)

Accessible parking spaces for persons with disabilities in PD-TOC. When provided as a required accessibility improvement, accessible off-street parking spaces and related access aisles and accessible routes shall be in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code and the town public facilities manual. The number of accessible parking spaces shall be included in the required number of parking spaces. Each such accessible parking space shall be designated as reserved for persons with disabilities by an above grade sign in conformance with the design and content specifications of the public facilities manual.

(4)

Motorcycle parking in the PD-TOC. Within the PD-TOC district up to two and one-half percent of required parking spaces may be sized for motorcycles.

(5)

Tandem parking in the PD-TOC. Within the PD-TOC district, tandem parking is permitted when valet parking is provided during operating hours, or when the spaces are dedicated to a single dwelling unit, or when a fully automated parking system has been installed in a parking area.

(6)

Loading spaces in the PD-TOC. Development within the PD-TOC shall provide adequate loading spaces as determined at the time of development plan or site plan approval, based upon recognized standards for the type and mix of uses. All loading spaces shall be screened from view preferably by their location within the structure of the building and will not be located along Herndon Parkway frontage or façade. The dimensions, access, and screening of loading spaces shall be determined at the time of development plan or site plan approval.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.10. - Circulation and traffic.

(a)

Purpose and intent. These provisions are intended to relieve traffic congestion in the streets, promote the safe operation of vehicles in public rights-of-way, coordinate the interface of public rights-of-way with private rights-of-way, and ensure the proper and uniform development of utilities, curb cuts and other features affecting streets, safe circulation and traffic control.

(b)

Applicability. The following sections contain provisions pertaining to circulation and traffic control and the standards of these sections shall apply to development in every zoning district.

(c)

Circulation standards. Circulation standards are provided to help ensure that access points to development are designed to provide safe and smooth traffic flow, controlled turning movements, and safe and efficient pedestrian ways. The standards promote the provisions of turn lanes, through lanes, medians and devices to guide traffic flow where existing or anticipated traffic flows indicate that such lanes or devices are necessary to provide safe and adequate access and egress to the site. The objective is for development to have a safe and adequate on-site traffic circulation system, and for the on-site traffic circulation system to be integrated with the off-site circulation system of the town.

(1)

Vehicular movement. Vehicular movement will be subject to the following provisions:

Principal vehicular access to the proposed development is from roads with adequate capacity to support existing traffic, and the external traffic estimated to be generated by the development.

On-site roads shall be designed to ensure emergency service vehicles have access to all lots and development on the site.

During site development, adjoining streets are improved to provide on-street parallel parking in front of the development with the exception of development frontage on arterials and collector streets.

On-street parallel parking is not used to meet on-site parking requirements, except where approved as part of a planned development district.

(2)

Pedestrian movement. Pedestrian movement will be subject to the following provisions:

Pedestrian access is designed so as to provide safe and convenient pedestrian ways to, from and within the proposed development. Pedestrian ways within the development are provided to connect the buildings within the development.

Sidewalks are provided on both sides of every street (including private streets), except in cases where environmental or topographic features make such provision impractical.

Connections to existing or planned sidewalks are made at the property boundaries by incorporating and continuing all sidewalks stubbed to or shown as stubbed to the boundary of the development by previously approved plans. In addition, future sidewalk connections to adjacent developable parcels are located at planned or current street connections along each side of the development's boundary.

Developed recreation space and open space intended for pedestrian use, and schools, religious institutions, and other pedestrian-oriented uses, are connected by pedestrian ways to residential and office uses, with a minimum of street crossings. Where possible, office and residential uses are to be connected by an integrated pedestrian way system.

Pedestrian crossing(s) at the perimeter of the development are marked and controlled. Where pedestrians are exposed to substantial vehicular traffic, barriers may be warranted to prevent crossing at other than designated points.

Pedestrian passages over and under vehicular routes are used wherever possible.

Bicycle paths, trails or lanes are coordinated with the on-site traffic circulation and pedestrian system, to the maximum extent feasible. Where feasible, bicycle crossings and pedestrian crossings are combined.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Herndon City Zoning Code

ARTICLE X

- PARKING, LOADING AND CIRCULATION

Sec. 78-100.- Off-street parking, loading and circulation.

The following sections contain provisions pertaining to off-street parking, loading and circulation.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.1. - Off-street parking, generally.

(a)

(b)

Applicability. Off-street parking and loading spaces for each use shall be provided in accordance with the standards established in this section.

(c)

Standards. The off-street parking and loading standards of this section shall apply to development in every zoning district unless otherwise stated within this chapter.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.2. - Minimum off-street parking and loading standards.

(a)

TABLE 78-100.2(a): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS FOR R-15, R-10, RTC, RM, CS, CO, O&LI, PD-R, PD-B, PD-W, PD-UR ZONING DISTRICTS
USE TYPE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF SPACES
RESIDENTIAL USE CATEGORY
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	Public Street Frontage: 2 spaces per dwelling unit with frontage on a public street;
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	Private Street Frontage: 3 spaces per dwelling unit with frontage on a private street.
Duplex and Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse	2.33 spaces per dwelling unit
Multi-Family Dwellings	Efficiency/Studio Unit: 1 space per unit
	One Bedroom Unit: 1.5 spaces per unit
	Two Bedrooms or more: 2 spaces per unit
Housing for the Elderly	1.5 spaces per dwelling unit, plus .25 per dwelling unit for visitors.
Assisted Living for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities and Convalescent Homes for Long and Short-Term Care	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Group Home	1 space per four beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees.
Bed and Breakfast Establishment	1 space per guestroom, in addition to the dwelling's required parking spaces.
EDUCATION USE CATEGORY
Childcare Center, Daycare Center or Preschool	1 space per employee, and 1 space per 5 children at maximum occupancy. As accessory uses, see section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics. See also section 78-71.2.
Post-Secondary Education and Career Schools	1.5 spaces per 2 students of design capacity
School, Public or Private (K-12)	1 space per 15 students, except in the case of schools where students are permitted to drive and park at the school, there shall be 1 parking space per vehicle permitted to park.
GOVERNMENT FACILITIES USE CATEGORY
Government Buildings, Facilities and uses not Otherwise Categorized	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
INSTITUTIONAL USE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES USE CATEGORY
Cemetery	See section 78-100.3(b) Uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Community Centers	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
Convalescent Home	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Hospital	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Library	1 space per 500 square feet of floor area.
Museum, Fine Arts Center	1 space per 500 square feet of floor area.
Religious Institution, with or without any Accessory Schools, Daycare Centers, or Recreational Facilities	1 space per 4 worship spaces in the principal place of worship.
Senior Center	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
Social Service and Similar Community Service Uses	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
EATING ESTABLISHMENTS USE CATEGORY
Restaurant	1 space per 4 seats, plus 1 per each 2 employees on duty during peak shift.
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION FACILITIES, SMALL
Craft Breweries, Micro-Distilleries, Micro-Cideries, Micro-Wineries (without on-site vineyards)	1 space per 150 per square feet of gross floor area.
Brewpubs	1 space per four 4 seats plus 1 per each 2 employees on duty during peak shift for any floor area dedicated to the eating establishment. 1 space per 150 square feet of gross floor area dedicated to the alcohol production facility.
OFFICE USE CATEGORY
All Office Uses, excluding any medical or health related services (see "health care facility")	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
INDOOR ENTERTAINMENT USE CATEGORY
Commercial Recreation/Entertainment, Indoor	1 space per each 3 seats or other accommodations, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENT USE CATEGORY
Commercial Recreation/Entertainment, Outdoor	1 space per each 3 seats or other accommodations, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
Private Swimming Pools	1 space per each 3 persons included in the capacity for the facility, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
PERSONAL SERVICES AND RETAIL SALES USE CATEGORY
Animal Hospital, Animal Shelter, Kennel, Pet Day Care, Veterinary Clinic and similar uses.	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area.
Artist's Studio or Gallery	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area
Dry-cleaning/Laundry Drop-Off and Pick-Up Without On-site Cleaning, Laundromats	1 space per 250 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 per establishment.
Durable Goods Sales	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area.
Financial Institution	1 space per 300 square feet of floor area.
Funeral Home	1 space per each 5 seats, provided that there shall be not less than 20 spaces for each chapel or parlor. 1 space for each employee, hearse, ambulance and other business-related vehicles shall be provided.
Health Care Facility including Medical Offices	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
Health Care Laboratory	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area
Mailing and packing service	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area.
Personal services, general	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
Pharmacy	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
Product Repair and Services	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 spaces per establishment.
Retail Sales	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
School of Special Instruction	1 space per 2 students at peak hour capacity. See also section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Other Personal Services and Retail Sales Uses	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area.
VEHICLE SALES AND SERVICES USE CATEGORY
Vehicle Rental and Sales as a Principal Use	1 customer and 1 employee parking space for each 1,200 square feet of display area.
Vehicle Repair; Transmission and Muffler Shops, Sales of Vehicle Parts and Tires	3 for each repair bay for the servicing of vehicles, not including the repair bay, plus 1 parking space for each employee on duty.
Vehicle Full Service Wash and Detailing	20 standing or parking spaces for waiting vehicles for each wash rack, plus 1 parking space for each 2 employees.
Recreational Vehicle Rental and Sales	1 customer and 1 employee parking space for each 1,200 square feet of display area.
LODGING BUSINESSES USE CATEGORY
Conference Center	1 per guestroom
Hotel, Motel or Inn	1 per guestroom
COMMERCIAL UTILITIES USE CATEGORY
Commercial Communication Tower, Freestanding	1 per site
Electrical Substation	1 per site
Telecommunication Switching Station	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Utility-Related Maintenance and Storage Yards	See section 78-100.3.B, uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE USE CATEGORY
Dry Cleaning or Laundry Plants	1 per 250 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 spaces for any one establishment.
Scientific Research and Scientific Development	1 per 300 square feet of gross floor area
All Other Industrial Service Uses	Uses consisting of the manufacture, processing, assembly, or storage, the following spaces shall be assigned: 1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
All Other Industrial Service Uses	All others: 1 per 300 square feet of gross floor area
LIGHT MANUFACTURING USE CATEGORY
Light manufacturing Uses	For uses consisting of the manufacture, processing, assembly, or storage associated with retail uses, the following spaces shall be assigned: 1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Light manufacturing Uses	Otherwise shall not include elevator shafts, structured parking or atrium space not designed for occupancy and not occupied.
SELF-SERVICE STORAGE USE CATEGORY
Self-Service Storage Uses	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING USE CATEGORY
Bus Maintenance Facility for Public Bus Service	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Parking Facility, Commercial, Permanent	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
WAREHOUSING USE CATEGORY
Electronic Warehousing	1 per 6,000 square feet of floor area designated for such use.
Warehouse (storage)	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
WHOLESALE SALES USE CATEGORY
Contractor's Materials	1 space for each 400 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Wholesale Establishment	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.

(b)

TABLE 78-100.2(b): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS IN THE PD-TD, CC and PD-D ZONING DISTRICTS (see section 78-100.7 for public parking options)
USE TYPE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF CAR SPACES	REQUIRED NUMBER OF BICYCLE SPACES
RESIDENTIAL USE CATEGORY
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	2 spaces per dwelling	0
Duplex, Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse Dwellings	2 spaces per dwelling	0
Multi-Family	1.5 spaces per dwelling unit	1 interior or exterior long-term covered space per every 5 units; 1 short-term space per every 12 units
OFFICE
Office Uses including General Business, Medical, Professional and Governmental	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
COMMERCIAL
Retail, Personal Service	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Restaurant, and other Nonresidential and Non-Office Uses	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Craft Breweries, Micro-Distilleries, Micro Cideries, Micro-Wineries (without on-site Vineyard)	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Brewpubs (eating establishment where food is prepared and served but also to produce alcoholic beverages on a small scale)	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area

(c)

TABLE 78-100.2(c): PARKING STANDARDS PD-TOC GFA = Gross Floor Area (in square feet)
USE	SPACE PER UNIT OF MEASURE	MINIMUM PARKING LONG- TERM USE	MINIMUM PARKING INTERIM USE	MINIMUM BICYCLE PARKING
Residential	Per Dwelling Unit	1.0	1.6	0.75
Hotel	Per Hotel Unit	.75	.90	0.10
Hotel with Conference Center	Per Hotel Unit	1.0	1.2	0.15
Retail, Personal Service, Restaurant (including all ground-floor public assembly space and retail space)	Per 1,000 GFA	1.25	3.0	0.25
Office and Other Nonresidential/Hotel Uses above the Ground-Floor	Per 1,000 GFA	2.0	3.0	.20

(d)

TABLE 78-100.2(d) REQUIRED MINIMUM OFF-STREET LOADING SPACES GFA = Gross Floor Area (in square feet)
LAND USE	GROSS FLOOR AREA (in square feet)	MINIMUM NUMBER OF SPACES
Multi-Family Uses with More than 50 Units	N/A	1 per each 200 units or fraction thereof
Offices and Personal Service Establishments	6,000 +	1
Space Used by, Designed for, or Adaptable to Retail Use	3,000—14,999	1
	15,000—49,999	2
	50,000—99,999	3
	100,000 +	4, plus 1 for each additional 100,000 gfa above 100,000 sf
Telecommunications Uses	6,000 +	1 per each 6,000 gfa
Wholesale, Light Industrial and Manufacturing Uses	Up to 15,000	1
	15,000—49,999	2
	50,000 +	3, plus 1 per each additional 50,000 gfa above 50,000 sf
All Other Commercial and Industrial Uses	Less than 40,000	1
	40,000 to 100,000	2
	100,000—160,000	3
	160,000—240,000	4
	240,000—320,000	5
	320,000—400,000	6
	Above 400,000	1 per each 90,000 GFA above 400,000 GFA of area

(e)

TABLE 78-100.2(e): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING IN THE PD-TRG1 AND PD-TRG2 DISTRICTS
USE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF CAR SPACES	REQUIRED NUMBER OF BICYCLE PARKING
Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse Dwellings	2 spaces per dwelling unit	1 space per every 10 units, to be located on common area.
Multifamily Residential	1.25 spaces per dwelling unit; may be reduced to 1 space per dwelling unit for properties located within 0.25 miles of the Herndon Metro Station and the submission of a Transportation Demand Management Plan.	1 space per every 5 units
Non-residential uses	1 space per 500 square feet of gross floor area

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017; Ord. No. 19-O-20, § 1, 7-9-2019; Ord. No. 25-O-01, § 1, 1-28-2025; Ord. No. 25-O-13, § 1, 8-12-2025)

Sec. 78-100.3. - Determination of off-street parking and loading requirements (including mixed uses, variable uses, unspecified uses, and accessible spaces).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.4. - Computation of off-street parking and loading requirements.

(a)

Computation of required off-street parking spaces. The following provisions shall be used for the purpose of computing required off-street standing and parking or loading space:

(1)

(2)

Fractional spaces. When application of the requirements would result in a fractional space, the fraction shall be counted as one space.

(3)

(b)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.5. - Construction, dimension and design standards for off-street parking, loading and stacking.

(a)

Construction of parking and loading areas. Construction of off-street parking and loading areas shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Approval required. Construction of any parking area shall require review and approval in accordance with the terms of this chapter.

(2)

(3)

(b)

Dimensional standards for parking spaces and aisles. Off-street parking spaces, areas and access aisles areas shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

TABLE 78-100(b)(1) DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS FOR PARKING SPACES AND AISLES
PARKING ANGLE	STALL WIDTH (FT)	DEPTH OF STALLS (FT) PERPENDICULAR TO AISLE	ONE-WAY AISLE	TWO-WAY AISLE (FT)*
45°	8.5	19.0	15.5	18.0
60°	8.5	20.0	17.0	19.0
90°	8.5	18.0 (See section 78-100(b)(2))	23.0	23.0

(2)

(3)

(4)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Delineation of spaces. All parking spaces shall be delineated and periodically restored to maintain a clear identification of separate parking stalls.

(8)

Screening and landscaping. Screening and landscaping for off-street parking and vehicular stacking areas shall be provided as required in section 78-110.5, vehicular use areas.

(9)

Exterior lighting. Exterior lighting for stacking areas and parking areas shall comply with the standards in section 78-130.9, exterior lighting standards.

(10)

Maintenance. Parking facilities shall be continually maintained in compliance with the approved site plan or subdivision plan, and shall be free of litter and debris at all times.

(d)

Driveways for individual residential units shall be a minimum length of 20 feet.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017; Ord. No. 25-O-01, § 1, 1-28-2025)

Sec. 78-100.6. - Dimension and design standards for off-street loading spaces.

(a)

(b)

Design standards for off-street loading spaces. Off-Street loading spaces shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Location. The spaces shall be located adjacent to the buildings, loading doors, in an area that promotes their practical use.

(2)

Delineation and signage. All loading spaces shall be delineated by signage and striping and labeling of the pavement.

(3)

Access. Every loading area shall be provided with safe and convenient access to a street, but in no case, shall the loading space extend into the required aisle of the parking lot.

(4)

(5)

Landscaping. Loading areas shall be landscaped in accordance with section 78-110.5, vehicular use areas and section 78-114.2, Screening Standards for certain features.

(6)

Exterior lighting. Exterior lighting for loading areas shall comply with the standards in section 78-130.9, exterior lighting standards.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.7. - Public parking options.

(a)

Public shared parking. Parking requirements may be met through public shared parking in certain areas of the town, subject to the following provisions:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Computation of public shared parking space and loading requirements. The following standards shall apply to public shared parking:

Parking space standards shall be computed at the rate of 3.3 spaces per 1,000 gross square feet of nonresidential floor area in the proposed development.

In case of conflict with the standards in Table 78-100.2(a), the standards in this subsection prevail.

Reserved spaces shall not be counted for the purpose of computing the required number of spaces except those spaces reserved for and marked for use by persons with disabilities.

There shall be no double counting of public shared parking spaces.

(6)

Limitations on use of public shared parking areas. Vehicle storage, vehicle repair and recreational vehicle parking shall not be permitted in public shared parking areas.

(7)

(8)

(9)

(b)

Public parking alternative. Parking requirements may be met through a public parking alternative in certain areas of the town, subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Applicability. The provisions of this subsection apply to land designated planned development downtown (PD-D), planned development traditional downtown (PD-TD) and land zoned central commercial district (CC) in sectors 1 and 2 of the Herndon Downtown, as described in the Herndon 2030 Comprehensive Plan, adopted August 12, 2008 as amended (sectors 1 and 2), where the development applicant has voluntarily respectively proffered or chosen participation in the public parking alternative program. In the absence of such a proffer or choice, the other parking requirements set out in this chapter apply to the development.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Computation of spaces for the public parking alternative. The following standards shall apply to parking provided under the public parking alternative.

In case of conflict with the standards of Table 78-100.2(a) the standards in this subsection prevail.

(6)

Limitations on use of public parking alternative areas. Vehicle storage, vehicle repair and recreational vehicle parking shall not be permitted in public parking alternative areas.

(7)

(8)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.8. - Parking alternatives.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1)

Standards for private shared parking for land uses with different operating hours or different peak business periods.

A shared parking area is located on a site with the same or more intensive zoning classification than required for the primary uses served.

The maximum reduction in the number of parking spaces required for all uses sharing the parking area shall be 35 percent.

(2)

The parking area is located on land under the same ownership or the use it serves.

A pedestrian way, not more than 600 feet in length, is established from the parking area to the use to be served.

The parking area is convenient to use without causing unreasonable:

Hazard to pedestrians;

Hazard to vehicular traffic;

Traffic congestion;

Interference with commercial activity or convenient access to other parking areas in the vicinity;

Detriment to the appropriate use of business property in the vicinity; or

Detriment to any abutting residential neighborhood.

(3)

Standards for valet and tandem parking. Tandem parking is permitted for nonresidential uses only if all of the standards below are satisfied:

Limited tandem parking for commercial and industrial uses is provided only for development that requires 75 or more parking spaces.

No more than 30 percent of the total number of spaces is designated as tandem.

A valet parking attendant is on duty during hours of operation.

(4)

Standards for alternative materials. The zoning administrator may approve alternative materials based on the following standards:

Porous parking area surfacing materials are not located on easements for underground utilities, in accordance with the Herndon Public Facilities Manual.

Porous parking areas are properly maintained.

Where possible porous parking area surfacing materials are used in areas proximate to and in combination with on-site stormwater control devices.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.9. - Parking restrictions and specific standards for certain uses and in certain districts.

(a)

(1)

For residents only. Vehicles using any stacked parking spaces shall be under the control and use of residents of the same dwelling unit.

(2)

Townhouses. For townhouse dwellings, no more than two-thirds of the required parking shall be met using tandem spaces.

(3)

Multi-family. For multi-family dwellings, no more than ten percent of the required parking shall be met using tandem spaces.

(b)

Limitations on parking in residential districts. The follow regulations apply in the R-10, R-15, RTC, and RM districts

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(c)

(d)

Specific parking, loading and circulation standards for the PD-TOC district. The following standards pertaining to parking, loading and circulation shall apply in the PD-TOC District.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Motorcycle parking in the PD-TOC. Within the PD-TOC district up to two and one-half percent of required parking spaces may be sized for motorcycles.

(5)

(6)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.10. - Circulation and traffic.

(a)

(b)

Applicability. The following sections contain provisions pertaining to circulation and traffic control and the standards of these sections shall apply to development in every zoning district.

(c)

(1)

Vehicular movement. Vehicular movement will be subject to the following provisions:

Principal vehicular access to the proposed development is from roads with adequate capacity to support existing traffic, and the external traffic estimated to be generated by the development.

On-site roads shall be designed to ensure emergency service vehicles have access to all lots and development on the site.

On-street parallel parking is not used to meet on-site parking requirements, except where approved as part of a planned development district.

(2)

Pedestrian movement. Pedestrian movement will be subject to the following provisions:

Sidewalks are provided on both sides of every street (including private streets), except in cases where environmental or topographic features make such provision impractical.

Pedestrian passages over and under vehicular routes are used wherever possible.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Herndon City Zoning Code

ARTICLE X

- PARKING, LOADING AND CIRCULATION

Sec. 78-100.- Off-street parking, loading and circulation.

The following sections contain provisions pertaining to off-street parking, loading and circulation.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.1. - Off-street parking, generally.

(a)

(b)

Applicability. Off-street parking and loading spaces for each use shall be provided in accordance with the standards established in this section.

(c)

Standards. The off-street parking and loading standards of this section shall apply to development in every zoning district unless otherwise stated within this chapter.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.2. - Minimum off-street parking and loading standards.

(a)

TABLE 78-100.2(a): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS FOR R-15, R-10, RTC, RM, CS, CO, O&LI, PD-R, PD-B, PD-W, PD-UR ZONING DISTRICTS
USE TYPE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF SPACES
RESIDENTIAL USE CATEGORY
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	Public Street Frontage: 2 spaces per dwelling unit with frontage on a public street;
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	Private Street Frontage: 3 spaces per dwelling unit with frontage on a private street.
Duplex and Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse	2.33 spaces per dwelling unit
Multi-Family Dwellings	Efficiency/Studio Unit: 1 space per unit
	One Bedroom Unit: 1.5 spaces per unit
	Two Bedrooms or more: 2 spaces per unit
Housing for the Elderly	1.5 spaces per dwelling unit, plus .25 per dwelling unit for visitors.
Assisted Living for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities and Convalescent Homes for Long and Short-Term Care	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Group Home	1 space per four beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees.
Bed and Breakfast Establishment	1 space per guestroom, in addition to the dwelling's required parking spaces.
EDUCATION USE CATEGORY
Childcare Center, Daycare Center or Preschool	1 space per employee, and 1 space per 5 children at maximum occupancy. As accessory uses, see section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics. See also section 78-71.2.
Post-Secondary Education and Career Schools	1.5 spaces per 2 students of design capacity
School, Public or Private (K-12)	1 space per 15 students, except in the case of schools where students are permitted to drive and park at the school, there shall be 1 parking space per vehicle permitted to park.
GOVERNMENT FACILITIES USE CATEGORY
Government Buildings, Facilities and uses not Otherwise Categorized	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
INSTITUTIONAL USE AND COMMUNITY SERVICES USE CATEGORY
Cemetery	See section 78-100.3(b) Uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Community Centers	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
Convalescent Home	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Hospital	1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space for each 2 employees, plus 1 space for each doctor assigned to the facility per shift.
Library	1 space per 500 square feet of floor area.
Museum, Fine Arts Center	1 space per 500 square feet of floor area.
Religious Institution, with or without any Accessory Schools, Daycare Centers, or Recreational Facilities	1 space per 4 worship spaces in the principal place of worship.
Senior Center	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
Social Service and Similar Community Service Uses	1 space per 50 square feet of floor area.
EATING ESTABLISHMENTS USE CATEGORY
Restaurant	1 space per 4 seats, plus 1 per each 2 employees on duty during peak shift.
ALCOHOL PRODUCTION FACILITIES, SMALL
Craft Breweries, Micro-Distilleries, Micro-Cideries, Micro-Wineries (without on-site vineyards)	1 space per 150 per square feet of gross floor area.
Brewpubs	1 space per four 4 seats plus 1 per each 2 employees on duty during peak shift for any floor area dedicated to the eating establishment. 1 space per 150 square feet of gross floor area dedicated to the alcohol production facility.
OFFICE USE CATEGORY
All Office Uses, excluding any medical or health related services (see "health care facility")	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
INDOOR ENTERTAINMENT USE CATEGORY
Commercial Recreation/Entertainment, Indoor	1 space per each 3 seats or other accommodations, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
OUTDOOR ENTERTAINMENT USE CATEGORY
Commercial Recreation/Entertainment, Outdoor	1 space per each 3 seats or other accommodations, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
Private Swimming Pools	1 space per each 3 persons included in the capacity for the facility, and 1 space per each attendant, employee or participant.
PERSONAL SERVICES AND RETAIL SALES USE CATEGORY
Animal Hospital, Animal Shelter, Kennel, Pet Day Care, Veterinary Clinic and similar uses.	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area.
Artist's Studio or Gallery	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area
Dry-cleaning/Laundry Drop-Off and Pick-Up Without On-site Cleaning, Laundromats	1 space per 250 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 per establishment.
Durable Goods Sales	1 space per 400 square feet of floor area.
Financial Institution	1 space per 300 square feet of floor area.
Funeral Home	1 space per each 5 seats, provided that there shall be not less than 20 spaces for each chapel or parlor. 1 space for each employee, hearse, ambulance and other business-related vehicles shall be provided.
Health Care Facility including Medical Offices	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area.
Health Care Laboratory	1 space per 300 square feet of gross floor area
Mailing and packing service	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area.
Personal services, general	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
Pharmacy	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
Product Repair and Services	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 spaces per establishment.
Retail Sales	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area
School of Special Instruction	1 space per 2 students at peak hour capacity. See also section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Other Personal Services and Retail Sales Uses	1 space per 200 square feet of floor area.
VEHICLE SALES AND SERVICES USE CATEGORY
Vehicle Rental and Sales as a Principal Use	1 customer and 1 employee parking space for each 1,200 square feet of display area.
Vehicle Repair; Transmission and Muffler Shops, Sales of Vehicle Parts and Tires	3 for each repair bay for the servicing of vehicles, not including the repair bay, plus 1 parking space for each employee on duty.
Vehicle Full Service Wash and Detailing	20 standing or parking spaces for waiting vehicles for each wash rack, plus 1 parking space for each 2 employees.
Recreational Vehicle Rental and Sales	1 customer and 1 employee parking space for each 1,200 square feet of display area.
LODGING BUSINESSES USE CATEGORY
Conference Center	1 per guestroom
Hotel, Motel or Inn	1 per guestroom
COMMERCIAL UTILITIES USE CATEGORY
Commercial Communication Tower, Freestanding	1 per site
Electrical Substation	1 per site
Telecommunication Switching Station	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
Utility-Related Maintenance and Storage Yards	See section 78-100.3.B, uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE USE CATEGORY
Dry Cleaning or Laundry Plants	1 per 250 square feet of floor area, but not less than 3 spaces for any one establishment.
Scientific Research and Scientific Development	1 per 300 square feet of gross floor area
All Other Industrial Service Uses	Uses consisting of the manufacture, processing, assembly, or storage, the following spaces shall be assigned: 1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
All Other Industrial Service Uses	All others: 1 per 300 square feet of gross floor area
LIGHT MANUFACTURING USE CATEGORY
Light manufacturing Uses	For uses consisting of the manufacture, processing, assembly, or storage associated with retail uses, the following spaces shall be assigned: 1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Light manufacturing Uses	Otherwise shall not include elevator shafts, structured parking or atrium space not designed for occupancy and not occupied.
SELF-SERVICE STORAGE USE CATEGORY
Self-Service Storage Uses	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
TRANSPORTATION AND PARKING USE CATEGORY
Bus Maintenance Facility for Public Bus Service	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Parking Facility, Commercial, Permanent	See section 78-100.3(b), uses with variable parking demand characteristics.
WAREHOUSING USE CATEGORY
Electronic Warehousing	1 per 6,000 square feet of floor area designated for such use.
Warehouse (storage)	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
WHOLESALE SALES USE CATEGORY
Contractor's Materials	1 space for each 400 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.
Wholesale Establishment	1 space for each 1,000 square feet of floor area, or 1 space for each 2 employees, whichever is greater.

(b)

TABLE 78-100.2(b): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS IN THE PD-TD, CC and PD-D ZONING DISTRICTS (see section 78-100.7 for public parking options)
USE TYPE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF CAR SPACES	REQUIRED NUMBER OF BICYCLE SPACES
RESIDENTIAL USE CATEGORY
Single-Family Detached Dwelling	2 spaces per dwelling	0
Duplex, Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse Dwellings	2 spaces per dwelling	0
Multi-Family	1.5 spaces per dwelling unit	1 interior or exterior long-term covered space per every 5 units; 1 short-term space per every 12 units
OFFICE
Office Uses including General Business, Medical, Professional and Governmental	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
COMMERCIAL
Retail, Personal Service	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Restaurant, and other Nonresidential and Non-Office Uses	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Craft Breweries, Micro-Distilleries, Micro Cideries, Micro-Wineries (without on-site Vineyard)	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area
Brewpubs (eating establishment where food is prepared and served but also to produce alcoholic beverages on a small scale)	3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area	1 short-term space per every 1,500 square feet of gross floor area

(c)

TABLE 78-100.2(c): PARKING STANDARDS PD-TOC GFA = Gross Floor Area (in square feet)
USE	SPACE PER UNIT OF MEASURE	MINIMUM PARKING LONG- TERM USE	MINIMUM PARKING INTERIM USE	MINIMUM BICYCLE PARKING
Residential	Per Dwelling Unit	1.0	1.6	0.75
Hotel	Per Hotel Unit	.75	.90	0.10
Hotel with Conference Center	Per Hotel Unit	1.0	1.2	0.15
Retail, Personal Service, Restaurant (including all ground-floor public assembly space and retail space)	Per 1,000 GFA	1.25	3.0	0.25
Office and Other Nonresidential/Hotel Uses above the Ground-Floor	Per 1,000 GFA	2.0	3.0	.20

(d)

TABLE 78-100.2(d) REQUIRED MINIMUM OFF-STREET LOADING SPACES GFA = Gross Floor Area (in square feet)
LAND USE	GROSS FLOOR AREA (in square feet)	MINIMUM NUMBER OF SPACES
Multi-Family Uses with More than 50 Units	N/A	1 per each 200 units or fraction thereof
Offices and Personal Service Establishments	6,000 +	1
Space Used by, Designed for, or Adaptable to Retail Use	3,000—14,999	1
	15,000—49,999	2
	50,000—99,999	3
	100,000 +	4, plus 1 for each additional 100,000 gfa above 100,000 sf
Telecommunications Uses	6,000 +	1 per each 6,000 gfa
Wholesale, Light Industrial and Manufacturing Uses	Up to 15,000	1
	15,000—49,999	2
	50,000 +	3, plus 1 per each additional 50,000 gfa above 50,000 sf
All Other Commercial and Industrial Uses	Less than 40,000	1
	40,000 to 100,000	2
	100,000—160,000	3
	160,000—240,000	4
	240,000—320,000	5
	320,000—400,000	6
	Above 400,000	1 per each 90,000 GFA above 400,000 GFA of area

(e)

TABLE 78-100.2(e): MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING IN THE PD-TRG1 AND PD-TRG2 DISTRICTS
USE	REQUIRED NUMBER OF CAR SPACES	REQUIRED NUMBER OF BICYCLE PARKING
Townhouse Dwellings and Stacked Townhouse Dwellings	2 spaces per dwelling unit	1 space per every 10 units, to be located on common area.
Multifamily Residential	1.25 spaces per dwelling unit; may be reduced to 1 space per dwelling unit for properties located within 0.25 miles of the Herndon Metro Station and the submission of a Transportation Demand Management Plan.	1 space per every 5 units
Non-residential uses	1 space per 500 square feet of gross floor area

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017; Ord. No. 19-O-20, § 1, 7-9-2019; Ord. No. 25-O-01, § 1, 1-28-2025; Ord. No. 25-O-13, § 1, 8-12-2025)

Sec. 78-100.3. - Determination of off-street parking and loading requirements (including mixed uses, variable uses, unspecified uses, and accessible spaces).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.4. - Computation of off-street parking and loading requirements.

(a)

Computation of required off-street parking spaces. The following provisions shall be used for the purpose of computing required off-street standing and parking or loading space:

(1)

(2)

Fractional spaces. When application of the requirements would result in a fractional space, the fraction shall be counted as one space.

(3)

(b)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.5. - Construction, dimension and design standards for off-street parking, loading and stacking.

(a)

Construction of parking and loading areas. Construction of off-street parking and loading areas shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Approval required. Construction of any parking area shall require review and approval in accordance with the terms of this chapter.

(2)

(3)

(b)

Dimensional standards for parking spaces and aisles. Off-street parking spaces, areas and access aisles areas shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

TABLE 78-100(b)(1) DIMENSIONAL STANDARDS FOR PARKING SPACES AND AISLES
PARKING ANGLE	STALL WIDTH (FT)	DEPTH OF STALLS (FT) PERPENDICULAR TO AISLE	ONE-WAY AISLE	TWO-WAY AISLE (FT)*
45°	8.5	19.0	15.5	18.0
60°	8.5	20.0	17.0	19.0
90°	8.5	18.0 (See section 78-100(b)(2))	23.0	23.0

(2)

(3)

(4)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Delineation of spaces. All parking spaces shall be delineated and periodically restored to maintain a clear identification of separate parking stalls.

(8)

Screening and landscaping. Screening and landscaping for off-street parking and vehicular stacking areas shall be provided as required in section 78-110.5, vehicular use areas.

(9)

Exterior lighting. Exterior lighting for stacking areas and parking areas shall comply with the standards in section 78-130.9, exterior lighting standards.

(10)

Maintenance. Parking facilities shall be continually maintained in compliance with the approved site plan or subdivision plan, and shall be free of litter and debris at all times.

(d)

Driveways for individual residential units shall be a minimum length of 20 feet.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017; Ord. No. 25-O-01, § 1, 1-28-2025)

Sec. 78-100.6. - Dimension and design standards for off-street loading spaces.

(a)

(b)

Design standards for off-street loading spaces. Off-Street loading spaces shall be subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Location. The spaces shall be located adjacent to the buildings, loading doors, in an area that promotes their practical use.

(2)

Delineation and signage. All loading spaces shall be delineated by signage and striping and labeling of the pavement.

(3)

Access. Every loading area shall be provided with safe and convenient access to a street, but in no case, shall the loading space extend into the required aisle of the parking lot.

(4)

(5)

Landscaping. Loading areas shall be landscaped in accordance with section 78-110.5, vehicular use areas and section 78-114.2, Screening Standards for certain features.

(6)

Exterior lighting. Exterior lighting for loading areas shall comply with the standards in section 78-130.9, exterior lighting standards.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.7. - Public parking options.

(a)

Public shared parking. Parking requirements may be met through public shared parking in certain areas of the town, subject to the following provisions:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Computation of public shared parking space and loading requirements. The following standards shall apply to public shared parking:

Parking space standards shall be computed at the rate of 3.3 spaces per 1,000 gross square feet of nonresidential floor area in the proposed development.

In case of conflict with the standards in Table 78-100.2(a), the standards in this subsection prevail.

Reserved spaces shall not be counted for the purpose of computing the required number of spaces except those spaces reserved for and marked for use by persons with disabilities.

There shall be no double counting of public shared parking spaces.

(6)

Limitations on use of public shared parking areas. Vehicle storage, vehicle repair and recreational vehicle parking shall not be permitted in public shared parking areas.

(7)

(8)

(9)

(b)

Public parking alternative. Parking requirements may be met through a public parking alternative in certain areas of the town, subject to the following provisions:

(1)

Applicability. The provisions of this subsection apply to land designated planned development downtown (PD-D), planned development traditional downtown (PD-TD) and land zoned central commercial district (CC) in sectors 1 and 2 of the Herndon Downtown, as described in the Herndon 2030 Comprehensive Plan, adopted August 12, 2008 as amended (sectors 1 and 2), where the development applicant has voluntarily respectively proffered or chosen participation in the public parking alternative program. In the absence of such a proffer or choice, the other parking requirements set out in this chapter apply to the development.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Computation of spaces for the public parking alternative. The following standards shall apply to parking provided under the public parking alternative.

In case of conflict with the standards of Table 78-100.2(a) the standards in this subsection prevail.

(6)

Limitations on use of public parking alternative areas. Vehicle storage, vehicle repair and recreational vehicle parking shall not be permitted in public parking alternative areas.

(7)

(8)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.8. - Parking alternatives.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1)

Standards for private shared parking for land uses with different operating hours or different peak business periods.

A shared parking area is located on a site with the same or more intensive zoning classification than required for the primary uses served.

The maximum reduction in the number of parking spaces required for all uses sharing the parking area shall be 35 percent.

(2)

The parking area is located on land under the same ownership or the use it serves.

A pedestrian way, not more than 600 feet in length, is established from the parking area to the use to be served.

The parking area is convenient to use without causing unreasonable:

Hazard to pedestrians;

Hazard to vehicular traffic;

Traffic congestion;

Interference with commercial activity or convenient access to other parking areas in the vicinity;

Detriment to the appropriate use of business property in the vicinity; or

Detriment to any abutting residential neighborhood.

(3)

Standards for valet and tandem parking. Tandem parking is permitted for nonresidential uses only if all of the standards below are satisfied:

Limited tandem parking for commercial and industrial uses is provided only for development that requires 75 or more parking spaces.

No more than 30 percent of the total number of spaces is designated as tandem.

A valet parking attendant is on duty during hours of operation.

(4)

Standards for alternative materials. The zoning administrator may approve alternative materials based on the following standards:

Porous parking area surfacing materials are not located on easements for underground utilities, in accordance with the Herndon Public Facilities Manual.

Porous parking areas are properly maintained.

Where possible porous parking area surfacing materials are used in areas proximate to and in combination with on-site stormwater control devices.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.9. - Parking restrictions and specific standards for certain uses and in certain districts.

(a)

(1)

For residents only. Vehicles using any stacked parking spaces shall be under the control and use of residents of the same dwelling unit.

(2)

Townhouses. For townhouse dwellings, no more than two-thirds of the required parking shall be met using tandem spaces.

(3)

Multi-family. For multi-family dwellings, no more than ten percent of the required parking shall be met using tandem spaces.

(b)

Limitations on parking in residential districts. The follow regulations apply in the R-10, R-15, RTC, and RM districts

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(c)

(d)

Specific parking, loading and circulation standards for the PD-TOC district. The following standards pertaining to parking, loading and circulation shall apply in the PD-TOC District.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Motorcycle parking in the PD-TOC. Within the PD-TOC district up to two and one-half percent of required parking spaces may be sized for motorcycles.

(5)

(6)

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)

Sec. 78-100.10. - Circulation and traffic.

(a)

(b)

Applicability. The following sections contain provisions pertaining to circulation and traffic control and the standards of these sections shall apply to development in every zoning district.

(c)

(1)

Vehicular movement. Vehicular movement will be subject to the following provisions:

Principal vehicular access to the proposed development is from roads with adequate capacity to support existing traffic, and the external traffic estimated to be generated by the development.

On-site roads shall be designed to ensure emergency service vehicles have access to all lots and development on the site.

On-street parallel parking is not used to meet on-site parking requirements, except where approved as part of a planned development district.

(2)

Pedestrian movement. Pedestrian movement will be subject to the following provisions:

Sidewalks are provided on both sides of every street (including private streets), except in cases where environmental or topographic features make such provision impractical.

Pedestrian passages over and under vehicular routes are used wherever possible.

(Ord. No. 17-O-13, 8-8-2017)