Casper City Zoning Code

Appendix B

LANDSCAPING

* Ordinance history: Ord. 5-91, as amended by Ords. 14-98 and 26-99.

Editor's note: Section 1 of Ord. No. 7-10, adopted April 6, 2010, retitled Appendix B, Landscaping Application, to read as herein set out.

Goal.

To beautify and improve the quality of life within the city.

Objectives.

The landscaping procedures and provisions for the city are designed to meet the following objectives:

To encourage quality development within the city;

To provide a smooth transition between adjoining properties;

To screen service yards, parking lots, and other areas which tend to be a nuisance;

To improve erosion control;

To encourage a sense of commitment to the city and its residents on the part of developers, schools, and government agencies; and

To provide for the health, safety and welfare of the residents of the city.

Definition.

Landscaping means the use of vegetation and inorganic durable materials such as those identified below, to enhance the visual attractiveness of a site and improve erosion control.

For the purposes of satisfying the city subdivision and zoning ordinance, landscaping shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Formal turf areas;

Trees, shrubs, bushes, ground cover or planting;

Sprinkler systems;

Decorative rock, natural or manmade;

Rooftop gardens, exposed aggregate tile or similar decorative materials used in walkways, excluding sidewalks on public property, driveway approaches, and any architectural features attached to the building;

Decorative lighting (standard street lighting or lighting used primarily for security purposes is not considered decorative);

Benches, tables, fountains, planters, kiosks, and public transit shelters, waterfalls, and manmade streams;

Decorative fences, retaining walls, i.e., railroad ties, brick, flagstone;

Ponds, excluding detention and retention ponds;

Berms and mounds.

Procedures.

A detailed landscaping plan shall be submitted for city approval as a part of all site plan applications, according to the procedures set forth in Section 17.12.150 of the Casper Municipal Code. A complete detailed landscaping plan consists of:

A complete, itemized listing of all landscape materials and plants, and final locations of all landscaping materials;

One copy of a landscaping plan (attached as a separate sheet), for every site plan submitted to the community development department for approval. Said landscaping plan shall show, at a minimum, all information required under the section entitled "Landscaping Criteria" in Appendix B of Title 17.

Upon approval of a landscaping plan as a part of a site plan application, the owner shall enter into a site plan agreement with the city addressing all required obligations of the parties, including, but not limited to, landscaping. Said site plan agreement shall address the types, sizes and locations of all landscaping materials.

(Ord. No. 7-10, §§ 2—4, 4-6-2010)

Landscaping Criteria.

The landscaping plan must comply with the following criteria:

Minimum size of plant and other materials shall comply with the criteria and specifications set forth in Building Casper's Urban Forest, A Tree and Shrub Selection and Care Guide.

Inorganic ground cover shall consist of rock, decorative pavers or wood fiber.

If wood fiber is utilized, it shall be a minimum of two inches in depth.

If rock is utilized, it shall be a minimum of one inch in size and a minimum of two inches in depth.

Total inorganic landscaping shall not constitute more than sixty percent of the landscaped area of the land under consideration unless otherwise approved by the community development director. Vegetated areas left in a "natural" state shall not count toward fulfillment of the applicant's minimum landscaping requirements; however, natural areas may be utilized to satisfy the city's minimum "open-space" requirements in a PUD (Planned Unit Development).

Landscaping of off-street parking lots and loading and unloading spaces shall be located so as to break up the expanse of the paving, and shall be of such quality as to improve and enhance the site and its surrounding area. Parking lots of more than fifteen spaces shall have interior planting areas (landscape islands). Parking lot landscape islands shall be located at the ends of each row of parking (one double island to be located at the end of a double row of parking), and generally every fifteen spaces within a row. Each planter area shall be a minimum of six feet in width by eighteen feet in length (one hundred eight square feet in area), and shall contain at least two trees, or one tree and two shrubs. Parking lot landscape islands and perimeter buffer strips may be included in the minimum percentage of the land to be landscaped computation. The total landscaping to be provided need not exceed the minimum percentage outlined in the minimum landscaping percentages table within this section.

Landscaping shall be required along the perimeter lot line(s) of all off-street parking lots which abut any public way, residential property, or property zoned for a less intensive use. Parking lots of one or more acres in size shall be buffered by a landscaping strip, at least ten feet in width, which shall be located between the parking area and the abutting property or roadway and may encroach on the abutting street right-of-way. The minimum width of the required landscaping strip for parking lots less than an acre in size shall be five feet. The plant materials in said parking lot landscaping strips shall be of a height and density to partially screen the parking lots from adjoining properties or public streets. Planting of trees along street frontages shall be required. Trees shall have a maximum spacing requirement of one tree every forty feet. In parking lots with more than one hundred parking spaces, one continuous walkway per customer entrance is required to provide pedestrian access through the parking lot. Said sidewalk shall be a minimum of five feet in width, with a landscaping strip on each side providing a separation from the adjacent parking spaces. The walkway shall extend from the customer entrance to the farthest extent of the parking lot, and shall connect with the adjacent street sidewalk, if existing. Parking lot landscape islands and perimeter buffer strips may be included in the minimum percentage of the land to be landscaped computation. The total landscaping to be provided need not exceed the minimum percentage outlined in the minimum landscaping percentages table within this section.

No artificial trees, bushes, hedges, flowers, or shrubs may be used in landscaping any exterior areas, unless having received prior written approval from the community development director.

No synthetic ground cover, such as astroturf, is to be used for exterior landscaping unless warranted by soil conditions and unless prior written approval has been received from the community development director.

All planted areas must be provided with sprinkler or drip irrigation systems.

The owner or occupant, his successors and assigns, are responsible for irrigating, fertilizing, spraying, pruning, and general maintenance of all plantings and landscaped areas. After twenty-four months, the owner or occupant, his successor and assigns, may substitute alternate landscaping upon approval by the community development director.

Upon demand of the city manager or his designee, the owner shall replace and replant any plant material approved with the site plan that dies, or is not in conformity with the approved landscaping plan. The requirement to replace plant material shall not be assessed to the owner of a vacant property until such time as an active commercial or residential use is established on that property.

Landscaping shall not:

Interfere with the installation, maintenance and repair of any public utilities;

Restrict pedestrian or vehicular access; or

Constitute a traffic hazard (See Figure 17.12.120 Corner Obstructions Diagram).

The owner shall attempt to use the list of recommended plantings found in Appendix B of Title 17, entitled "Plants Conducive to Growth in Casper Area" when selecting landscaping materials.

A minimum percentage of the site shall be landscaped as detailed in Appendix B of Title 17, entitled "Minimum Landscaping Percentages."

The landscape plan shall be prepared by a landscape architect, landscape contractor, or other qualified person.

The landscape plan must be prepared on a scale of one inch equals ten feet or a multiple thereof and must include:

North arrow, scale and date of preparation;

Common address and location of land under consideration;

Location and width of all interior and abutting roads, highways, rights-of-way and railroad rights-of-way;

Easements on the land under consideration;

Adjoining property lines;

The location, type, and size of all existing plant materials, specifying whether the materials are to remain on the site;

The location, type, size and quantity of proposed plant and other landscaping materials;

A written statement specifying the percentage of total landscaped area that is dedicated to both irrigated, organic landscaping, and inorganic, non-irrigated landscaping materials; and

All other significant features.

All landscaping shall consist of a variety of species to enhance biodiversity. The use of water-efficient landscape materials and design (xeriscaping) is encouraged.

Since trees are beneficial to the city of Casper for multiple reasons, including the mitigation of the "heat island effect," trees are a strongly encouraged component of every landscape plan. Furthermore, applicants shall, as a priority, take reasonable precautions to protect and retain existing trees on development sites. Applicants will be given credit for the mature canopy area of both existing and proposed trees toward the city's minimum landscaping percentage requirements.

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 5, 4-6-2010)

Exemptions.

The community development director may permit an exemption from installing landscaping on a site if any one of the following criteria is met:

If the development is located in the C-3 (Central Business) zoning district, and the existing or proposed development pattern precludes the installation of landscaping on-site;

If the development site does not have public water service; or

If the development site lacks adequate or practical space for landscaping.

If an applicant meets any one of the three criteria for landscaping exemptions, and upon written approval of the community development director, applicant shall, prior to the issuance of a building permit, pay the city a fee in lieu of providing landscaping on site. The "in-lieu-of fee" can be applied to offset either all, or a portion of, the entire landscaping requirement. All "in-lieu-of fees" collected by the city shall be utilized for costs associated with installing landscaping on publicly controlled property, such as parks, trails, intersections, or street rights-of-way. The amount of the "in-lieu-of fee" for landscaping shall be determined as follows:

Commercial: 8% of the (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

Industrial: 5% of the (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

Multi-family residential: 7% of (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 6, 4-6-2010)

Performance Security.

All on-site landscaping shall be completed prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, If the landscaping cannot be completed prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy, the property owner may request, in writing, an extension not exceeding six months. If the request demonstrates that as a result of conditions beyond the control of the applicant the landscaping cannot be completed, the community development director is authorized to grant the owner's request for an extension. Once an extension is granted, the building official may issue a certificate of occupancy for the structure.

In the case of an extension granted by the community development director for the installation of landscaping, the owner is required to post, with the city, a performance security in the form of a bond, cash, letter of credit, or other form acceptable to the city. The posted amount shall be in an amount of no less than one hundred twenty-five percent of an itemized estimate prepared by a landscape architect or professional landscaping contractor, for all landscaping material and installation costs necessary to comply with the approved landscaping plan. The community development director shall have the discretion to determine if the amount of the itemized estimate is reasonable, and may request subsequent written estimates to verify the accuracy and validity of the original estimate.

In the case of an extension granted by the community development director for the installation of landscaping, the performance security shall be submitted to the city and accepted by the community development director prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy.

In the case of an extension granted by the community development director for the installation of landscaping, all landscaping shall be completed within six months of the issuance of the certificate of occupancy. If said landscaping is not completed within six months, and/or is not in substantial compliance with the approved landscaping plan, the performance security shall be subject to forfeiture to the city. The city shall have the right to utilize the forfeited funds to install and/or replace the required landscaping.

If the owner is granted an extension by the community development director for the installation of landscaping, the owner shall, prior to the issuance of the certificate of occupancy, grant the city express written permission to enter upon the site to cause the installation of required landscaping if said landscaping has not been completed within six months of the effective date of the certificate of occupancy, and/or if said landscaping is not in substantial compliance with the approved landscaping plan.

The owner shall notify the community development director, in writing, upon completion of the required landscaping. Once the installed landscaping is determined to be acceptable by the community development director, and a letter of completion is issued, the city shall release the applicant's surety.

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 7, 4-6-2010; Res. No. 10-171, 6-15-2010)

MINIMUM LANDSCAPING PERCENTAGES

Size of Site	Minimum Percentage of Land to be Landscaped
Multifamily Sites	10%
Commercial Sites
0 to 19,999 square feet	10%
20,000 square feet to 1 acre	8%
Over 1 acre	6%
Industrial Sites
0 to 19,999 square feet	6%
20,000 square feet to 1 acre	5%
Over 1 acre	4%
ED District
0 to over 1 acre	8%

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 9, 4-6-2010)

PLANTS CONDUCIVE TO GROWTH IN CASPER AREA

Common Name		Height at Maturity	Spacing	Exposure	Comments

1.	Almond (Flowering Almond)*	3′	3′	sun, part shade	Double pink blooms, attractive foliage

2.	Blue Mist (Blue Spirea)	2—3′	3′	sun	Freezes to ground in winter, blue blossoms in fall

3.	Buffalo Berry*	8—12′	8′	sun	Silvery bold foliage, scarlet fruit, drought tolerant

4.	Cherry (Nanking Cherry)	6—8′	4′	sun	Tall slender shrub, attractive foliage, edible fruit

5.	Cherry (Purple leaf Cherry)*	5—7′	5′	sun	Colorful summer foliage, combines well with silver foliage plants

6.	Cherry (Sand Cherry)*	3—4′	4′	sun	Compact plant, glossy foliage, edible fruit, many improved horticultural varieties available

7.	Chokecherry	10—15′	8′	sun, part shade	Tall, tree-like shrub, edible fruit, attractive to birds

8.	Coralberry	3—4′	3′	sun, shade	Good compact shrub, attractive foliage, pink fruits

9.	Cotoneaster (Peking Cotoneaster)*	5—7′	4′	sun, part shade	Glossy foliage leafs early and retains foliage late, showy scarlet fruits, attracts birds

10.	Cotoneaster (European Cotoneaster)*	4—5′	4′	sun, part shade	More compact than Peking Cotoneaster, good for low hedges; excellent recommended replacement for prostrate-type junipers

11.	Cotoneaster (Rock Cotoneaster)*	2′	3′	sun, part shade	Spreading form of cotoneaster, good for rock gardens

12.	Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany	4—6′	5′	sun, part shade	Native, evergreen shrub, drought tolerant, one of our best native species

13.	Currant (Alpine Currant)	3—4′	3′	sun, shade	Very hardy, good for altitudes, scarlet fruits

14.	Dogwood (Redtwig Dogwood)	6—8′	6′	sun, shade	Native, throughout state, improved varieties have more compact growth, winter color

15.	Elder (Elderberry)	6—8′	6′	sun	Showy tall shrub with edible fruits, coarse foliage, attractive to birds

16.	Elder (Golden Elder)	6—8′	6′	sun	Similar to above with yellow foliage

17.	Fragrant Viburnum	5—6′	5′	sun, part shade	Fragrant pink blossoms in clusters, red fruit in fall, attractive to birds

18.	Honeysuckle (Bush Honeysuckle)*	—10′	8′	sun, part shade	Tall open shrub, rapid growing, fragrant blossoms, red berries in fall

19.	Honeysuckle (Red Bush Honeysuckle)*	8—10′	8′	sun, part shade	Similar to above, but with red blossoms

20.	Lilac (Common Lilac)*	8—10′	6′	sun, shade	Hardy, easy to grow, erect habit, sometimes leggy

21.	Lilac (French Hybrid Class)*	6—8′	5′	sun, part shade	Hybrids of above, more compact, growth, many colors

22.	Lilac (Persian Lilac)*	6—8′	6′	sun, part shade	Smaller leaves than common, does not sucker as readily, blossoms not as showy

23.	Peashrub (Siberian Peashrub)*	8—12′	6′	sun	Tall, vigorous growth, drought tolerant, tends to become leggy

24.	Peashrub (Littleleaf Peashrub)*	6—8′	4′	sun	Better species for ornamental use than above, more compact growth, good for hedges

25.	Peashrub (Dwarf Peashrub)	3—4′	3′	sun	Excellent compact shrub for specimen or hedge use, thorny

26.	Plum (Flowering Plum)	6—8′	6′	sun, part shade	Showy double pink blossoms before leaves

27.	Potentilla (Shrubby Cinqefoil)*	2—3′	2′	sun	Excellent native shrub, yellow flowers from June to frost. Many horticultural varieties

28.	Rabbitbrush	2—4′	2—3′	sun	Compact native shrub, good summer foliage, yellow blossoms, interesting winter twigs

29.	Russian Sage*	2—3′	2′	sun	Blue blossoms in late summer, drought and heat tolerant, difficult to find

30.	Silver Sage	3—6′	4′	sun	Attractive silver foliage, half evergreen, little used native with much ornamental value

31.	Serviceberry (Juneberry)	6—8′	5′	sun	Edible bluish fruit, attractive foliage, open coarse growth

32.	Snowberry	3—5′	3′	sun, shade	Compact attractive native shrub, white berries, many horticultural varieties

33.	Soapweed (Adams Needle)	2′	1—2′	sun	Evergreen perennial, attractive swordlike leaves, deep rhizomatous root system

34.	Spirea (Thunberg Spirea)*	3—4′	3′	sun, part shade	Chlorotic in alkaline soils, lacy foliage, white blossoms before leaves

35.	Spirea (Van Houtte Spirea)*	4—5′	4′	sun, part shade	Chlorotic in alkaline soils, white blossoms in clusters after leafing, good hedging plant

36.	Sumac (Rocky Mountain Sumac)*	2—3′	2′	sun, part shade	Compact growth, showy fruits, leaves scarlet in fall, good ornamental native

37.	Sumac (Three-leaf Sumac)*	4—6′	5′	sun	Good summer foliage, compact growth, orange-red berries in fall, red fall foliage
38.	Sumac (Staghorn Sumac)*	10—15′	8—10′	sun, part shade	Large shrub or small tree, interesting stems in winter, red fruits in cluster, red fall foliage

39.	Creeping Juniper	6″	2—4″	sun, shade	Many native varieties, slow growth, good ground cover

40.	Andorra Juniper	1′	3—5′	sun, part shade	Reddish to purplish cast to foliage in winter, easy to grow

41.	Chinese Creeping Juniper	1′	3—5′	sun, part shade	Silver green foliage, flared needles often attacked by spider mites

42.	Bush Juniper (Common Juniper)	2′	4—5′	sun, shade	Native spreading juniper with open form, shears well to compact form

43.	Savin Juniper	2—3′	6′	sun, part shade	Dark green, fine foliage, tolerates more alkaline conditions than Chinese Juniper

44.	Tamarix Juniper	2—3′	5′	sun, shade	One of the best varieties for Wyoming. Compact growth, feathery foliage

45.	Pfitzer Juniper	3—4′	6—7′	sun, part shade	Often chlorotic in alkaline soils, hardy, easy to grow and readily available

46.	Meyer Juniper	3—4′	5′	sun, part shade	Taller spreader with irregular growth, attractive and hardy, adds interest

47.	Mugho Pine	6—15′	6—10′	sun, part shade	Large shrub pine, dark green, rounded form

48.	Dwarf Mugho Pine	3—4′	4′	sun, part shade	Dwarf variety of above, good foundation plant, slow growing

49.	Pinon Pine*	6—15′	6—8′	sun, part shade	Dwarf pine, attractive, often attacked by midges. Prefers dry sites, best of all upright evergreens for drought, however, should not be artificially irrigated

CONIFEROUS TREES (None on poorly drained sites)
50.	Rocky Mountain Juniper	6—20′	8′	sun	Native throughout Wyoming, fine texture, tight whip-cord foliage

51.	Scopulorem Junipers, Medora, Moffet, Welch, Pathfinder, Cologreen, Platinum, Grey Gleem, et al.	6—10′	5—6′	sun	Selected varieties of above, vary in color from dark green to silver, usually more compact and smaller than native specimens

52.	Utah Juniper	6—10′	6′	sun	Compact, often shrubby tree, coarser than scopulorems, drought tolerant

53.	Eastern Red Cedar	20—30′	8′	sun, part shade	Coarser foliage than scopulorems, useful at lower altitudes, vigorous growth

54.	Red Cedar varieties: Canaerti, Burki, Hills, Dundee, Cupressifolia, et al.	6—10′	5—6′	sun, part shade	Selected varieties of above, of variable color and habit of growth

55.	Austrian Pine	50′	20′	sun	Similar to native ponderosa pine, dark green needles, compact growth, requires wind protection

56.	Limber Pine (Western White Pine)	30′	15′	sun	Open growth, gray bark, often twisted and irregular growth, very attractive, requires wind protection

57.	Lodgepole Pine	40′	10′	sun, shade	Slender, erect habit, yellow-green foliage, good for mass plantings, requires wind protection

58.	Ponderosa Pine (Bull Pine) Pinus Ponderosa	50′	20′	sun, part shade	Drought tolerant, long needles, good color, orange colored bark, attractive native species

59.	Blue Spruce (Colorado Spruce)*	50′	20′	sun, part shade	Most used native species, color variable, selected strains of blues available, best of all upright coniferous species

60.	Black Hills Spruce	40′	15′	sun, part shade	Shorter needles than above, compact growth, shears well

61.	Engleman Spruce	50′	20′	sun, shade	Shorter needles and more open growth than blue spruce, graceful form

62.	Scotch Pine	25—50'	35'	sun	Pyramidal when young, becoming more rounded and open with age; well drained sites; not drought resistant

63.	Fir	30—85'	40'	part shade, sun	Broad, dense, pyramidal tree; prefers moisture, but not flooding

64.	Bristlecone Pine	5—15'	10'	part shade, sun	Strong branches, drought tolerant; shallow roots
DECIDUOUS TREES
65.	Ash (Green Ash)*	40′—50′	40′	sun, part shade	Glossy foliage, sturdy, few problems

66.	Boxelder*	40—50′	40′	sun, part shade	Hardy native species, will grow anywhere

67.	Chokecherry*	15—20′		sun, part shade	Good fruit plant, glossy foliage, attracts birds

68.	Cottonless Cottonwood	50—60′	50′	sun	Most widely used species, no cotton

69.	Lanceleaf Cottonwood*	40—50′	40′	sun	Native species, very hardy and drought tolerant

70.	Narrowleaf Cottonwood*	50—60′	50′	sun	Native species, leaves resemble willow, compact growth

71.	Plains Cottonwood*	50—60′	50′	sun	Parent species of cottonless cottonwoods, rapid growing, adaptable

72.	Crabapple (Flowering Crabs)*	15—20′	15′	sun	Good ornamentals, many other species adaptable at lower altitudes, five blight resistant varieties only

73.	Elm	40 - 50'	40'	sun.	Rapid growth, vase shaped, susceptible to Dutch Elm disease

74.	Hackberry*	30—35′	30′	sun	Hardy native species, resembles elms, ridged corky bark, excellent replacement for elms, but slow growing

75.	Honeylocust*	35—40′	40′	sun	Tap rooting tree, lacy foliage, requires deep soil, most desirable of all shade deciduous trees

76.	Plum (Purpleleaf Plum)*	10—15′	10′	sun	Colorful summer foliage, combines well with Russian Olive or Silver Sage

77.	Balsam Poplar	50—80′	50′	sun	State tree, native to higher altitudes, good growth form, poor choice due to short life span (approximately 10 years), most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

78.	Bolleana Poplar	40—50′	40′	sun	Columnar form of White Poplar, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

79.	Carolina Poplar	40—50′	40′	sun	Cottonless variety of poplar, sometimes winter kills at higher altitudes, most rapid growing of deciduous trees
80.	White Poplar (Silver Poplar)	35—40′	40′	sun	Leaves dark green above, silver underside, rapid growing, sturdy, suckers readily from roots, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

81.	Lombardy Poplar	40—50′	6—10′	sun	Columnar form of black poplar, subject to canker disease, limited use, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

82.	Quaking Aspen	30—50′	6—20′	sun, part shade	Native, suckers from roots, good for clump or mass plantings, dry sites only, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

83.	Staghorn Sumac*	15—20′	10	sun, shade	Interesting growth form, showy red fruits, suckers from roots, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

84.	Linden	50—70'	40'	shade, sun	Pyramidal when young, becoming rounded when mature; flowers

85.	Bur Oak	40—70'	40'	part shade, sun	Long lived tree, strong branches, spreading crown

86.	Kentucky Coffeetree	60—75'	35'	sun	Accepts variety of soils, excellent ornamental or street tree

87.	Northern Catalpa	30—75'	20'	sun	Flowers, large leaves; adaptable to variety of soil and water conditions

88.	Black Walnut	30—75'	30'	sun	Edible nuts, adapts to variety of soils, crown is open and spreading

89.	Black Locust	30—50'	30'	sun	Fast growing, adapted to variety of soils, seedlings susceptible to winter dieback

90.	Mountain Ash	25—35'	25'	part shade, sun	Upright, narrow, spreading growth habit; drought tolerant, but prefers moist well drained soils

91.	Ohio Buckeye	20—40'	25'	sun	Dense, oblong crown, becoming rounded with age; not drought resistant

92.	Tatarian Maple	18—30'	20'	part shade, sun	Multi-stemmed, rounded; prefers moist, well drained soils; moderate drought tolerance

93.	Amur Maple	15—20'	15'	part shade, sun	Multi-stemmed, variably rounded small tree; prefers moist, well drained soils; moderate drought tolerance

94.	Amur Maackia	20—30'	20'	part/full sun	Grows on difficult sites; open, spreading crown, variety of soils; moderate drought tolerance

95.	Hawthorn	15—20'	15'	sun	Broadly rounded, low branches, white flowers, red fruit, thorny stems; moderate drought tolerance

96.	Apricot	10—40'	10—20'	sun	Fast growing, spreading; winter hardy, drought resistant, white flowers, edible fruit

97.	Peach	10—15'	15'	part shade, sun	Edible fruit, spreading habit; moderately drought tolerant
* Indicates highly reliable for growth in Casper area.
** This list is not meant to be definitive or include all possible species that would grow in the Casper area, but lists the most highly reliable species requiring a minimum amount of care.

(Ord. No. 7-10, §§ 10—12, 4-6-2010)

Casper City Zoning Code

Appendix B

LANDSCAPING

* Ordinance history: Ord. 5-91, as amended by Ords. 14-98 and 26-99.

Editor's note: Section 1 of Ord. No. 7-10, adopted April 6, 2010, retitled Appendix B, Landscaping Application, to read as herein set out.

Goal.

To beautify and improve the quality of life within the city.

Objectives.

The landscaping procedures and provisions for the city are designed to meet the following objectives:

To encourage quality development within the city;

To provide a smooth transition between adjoining properties;

To screen service yards, parking lots, and other areas which tend to be a nuisance;

To improve erosion control;

To encourage a sense of commitment to the city and its residents on the part of developers, schools, and government agencies; and

To provide for the health, safety and welfare of the residents of the city.

Definition.

Landscaping means the use of vegetation and inorganic durable materials such as those identified below, to enhance the visual attractiveness of a site and improve erosion control.

For the purposes of satisfying the city subdivision and zoning ordinance, landscaping shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Formal turf areas;

Trees, shrubs, bushes, ground cover or planting;

Sprinkler systems;

Decorative rock, natural or manmade;

Decorative lighting (standard street lighting or lighting used primarily for security purposes is not considered decorative);

Benches, tables, fountains, planters, kiosks, and public transit shelters, waterfalls, and manmade streams;

Decorative fences, retaining walls, i.e., railroad ties, brick, flagstone;

Ponds, excluding detention and retention ponds;

Berms and mounds.

Procedures.

A complete, itemized listing of all landscape materials and plants, and final locations of all landscaping materials;

(Ord. No. 7-10, §§ 2—4, 4-6-2010)

Landscaping Criteria.

The landscaping plan must comply with the following criteria:

Minimum size of plant and other materials shall comply with the criteria and specifications set forth in Building Casper's Urban Forest, A Tree and Shrub Selection and Care Guide.

Inorganic ground cover shall consist of rock, decorative pavers or wood fiber.

If wood fiber is utilized, it shall be a minimum of two inches in depth.

If rock is utilized, it shall be a minimum of one inch in size and a minimum of two inches in depth.

No artificial trees, bushes, hedges, flowers, or shrubs may be used in landscaping any exterior areas, unless having received prior written approval from the community development director.

All planted areas must be provided with sprinkler or drip irrigation systems.

Landscaping shall not:

Interfere with the installation, maintenance and repair of any public utilities;

Restrict pedestrian or vehicular access; or

Constitute a traffic hazard (See Figure 17.12.120 Corner Obstructions Diagram).

The owner shall attempt to use the list of recommended plantings found in Appendix B of Title 17, entitled "Plants Conducive to Growth in Casper Area" when selecting landscaping materials.

A minimum percentage of the site shall be landscaped as detailed in Appendix B of Title 17, entitled "Minimum Landscaping Percentages."

The landscape plan shall be prepared by a landscape architect, landscape contractor, or other qualified person.

The landscape plan must be prepared on a scale of one inch equals ten feet or a multiple thereof and must include:

North arrow, scale and date of preparation;

Common address and location of land under consideration;

Location and width of all interior and abutting roads, highways, rights-of-way and railroad rights-of-way;

Easements on the land under consideration;

Adjoining property lines;

The location, type, and size of all existing plant materials, specifying whether the materials are to remain on the site;

The location, type, size and quantity of proposed plant and other landscaping materials;

A written statement specifying the percentage of total landscaped area that is dedicated to both irrigated, organic landscaping, and inorganic, non-irrigated landscaping materials; and

All other significant features.

All landscaping shall consist of a variety of species to enhance biodiversity. The use of water-efficient landscape materials and design (xeriscaping) is encouraged.

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 5, 4-6-2010)

Exemptions.

The community development director may permit an exemption from installing landscaping on a site if any one of the following criteria is met:

If the development is located in the C-3 (Central Business) zoning district, and the existing or proposed development pattern precludes the installation of landscaping on-site;

If the development site does not have public water service; or

If the development site lacks adequate or practical space for landscaping.

Commercial: 8% of the (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

Industrial: 5% of the (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

Multi-family residential: 7% of (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 6, 4-6-2010)

Performance Security.

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 7, 4-6-2010; Res. No. 10-171, 6-15-2010)

MINIMUM LANDSCAPING PERCENTAGES

Size of Site	Minimum Percentage of Land to be Landscaped
Multifamily Sites	10%
Commercial Sites
0 to 19,999 square feet	10%
20,000 square feet to 1 acre	8%
Over 1 acre	6%
Industrial Sites
0 to 19,999 square feet	6%
20,000 square feet to 1 acre	5%
Over 1 acre	4%
ED District
0 to over 1 acre	8%

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 9, 4-6-2010)

PLANTS CONDUCIVE TO GROWTH IN CASPER AREA

Common Name		Height at Maturity	Spacing	Exposure	Comments

1.	Almond (Flowering Almond)*	3′	3′	sun, part shade	Double pink blooms, attractive foliage

2.	Blue Mist (Blue Spirea)	2—3′	3′	sun	Freezes to ground in winter, blue blossoms in fall

3.	Buffalo Berry*	8—12′	8′	sun	Silvery bold foliage, scarlet fruit, drought tolerant

4.	Cherry (Nanking Cherry)	6—8′	4′	sun	Tall slender shrub, attractive foliage, edible fruit

5.	Cherry (Purple leaf Cherry)*	5—7′	5′	sun	Colorful summer foliage, combines well with silver foliage plants

6.	Cherry (Sand Cherry)*	3—4′	4′	sun	Compact plant, glossy foliage, edible fruit, many improved horticultural varieties available

7.	Chokecherry	10—15′	8′	sun, part shade	Tall, tree-like shrub, edible fruit, attractive to birds

8.	Coralberry	3—4′	3′	sun, shade	Good compact shrub, attractive foliage, pink fruits

9.	Cotoneaster (Peking Cotoneaster)*	5—7′	4′	sun, part shade	Glossy foliage leafs early and retains foliage late, showy scarlet fruits, attracts birds

10.	Cotoneaster (European Cotoneaster)*	4—5′	4′	sun, part shade	More compact than Peking Cotoneaster, good for low hedges; excellent recommended replacement for prostrate-type junipers

11.	Cotoneaster (Rock Cotoneaster)*	2′	3′	sun, part shade	Spreading form of cotoneaster, good for rock gardens

12.	Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany	4—6′	5′	sun, part shade	Native, evergreen shrub, drought tolerant, one of our best native species

13.	Currant (Alpine Currant)	3—4′	3′	sun, shade	Very hardy, good for altitudes, scarlet fruits

14.	Dogwood (Redtwig Dogwood)	6—8′	6′	sun, shade	Native, throughout state, improved varieties have more compact growth, winter color

15.	Elder (Elderberry)	6—8′	6′	sun	Showy tall shrub with edible fruits, coarse foliage, attractive to birds

16.	Elder (Golden Elder)	6—8′	6′	sun	Similar to above with yellow foliage

17.	Fragrant Viburnum	5—6′	5′	sun, part shade	Fragrant pink blossoms in clusters, red fruit in fall, attractive to birds

18.	Honeysuckle (Bush Honeysuckle)*	—10′	8′	sun, part shade	Tall open shrub, rapid growing, fragrant blossoms, red berries in fall

19.	Honeysuckle (Red Bush Honeysuckle)*	8—10′	8′	sun, part shade	Similar to above, but with red blossoms

20.	Lilac (Common Lilac)*	8—10′	6′	sun, shade	Hardy, easy to grow, erect habit, sometimes leggy

21.	Lilac (French Hybrid Class)*	6—8′	5′	sun, part shade	Hybrids of above, more compact, growth, many colors

22.	Lilac (Persian Lilac)*	6—8′	6′	sun, part shade	Smaller leaves than common, does not sucker as readily, blossoms not as showy

23.	Peashrub (Siberian Peashrub)*	8—12′	6′	sun	Tall, vigorous growth, drought tolerant, tends to become leggy

24.	Peashrub (Littleleaf Peashrub)*	6—8′	4′	sun	Better species for ornamental use than above, more compact growth, good for hedges

25.	Peashrub (Dwarf Peashrub)	3—4′	3′	sun	Excellent compact shrub for specimen or hedge use, thorny

26.	Plum (Flowering Plum)	6—8′	6′	sun, part shade	Showy double pink blossoms before leaves

27.	Potentilla (Shrubby Cinqefoil)*	2—3′	2′	sun	Excellent native shrub, yellow flowers from June to frost. Many horticultural varieties

28.	Rabbitbrush	2—4′	2—3′	sun	Compact native shrub, good summer foliage, yellow blossoms, interesting winter twigs

29.	Russian Sage*	2—3′	2′	sun	Blue blossoms in late summer, drought and heat tolerant, difficult to find

30.	Silver Sage	3—6′	4′	sun	Attractive silver foliage, half evergreen, little used native with much ornamental value

31.	Serviceberry (Juneberry)	6—8′	5′	sun	Edible bluish fruit, attractive foliage, open coarse growth

32.	Snowberry	3—5′	3′	sun, shade	Compact attractive native shrub, white berries, many horticultural varieties

33.	Soapweed (Adams Needle)	2′	1—2′	sun	Evergreen perennial, attractive swordlike leaves, deep rhizomatous root system

34.	Spirea (Thunberg Spirea)*	3—4′	3′	sun, part shade	Chlorotic in alkaline soils, lacy foliage, white blossoms before leaves

35.	Spirea (Van Houtte Spirea)*	4—5′	4′	sun, part shade	Chlorotic in alkaline soils, white blossoms in clusters after leafing, good hedging plant

36.	Sumac (Rocky Mountain Sumac)*	2—3′	2′	sun, part shade	Compact growth, showy fruits, leaves scarlet in fall, good ornamental native

37.	Sumac (Three-leaf Sumac)*	4—6′	5′	sun	Good summer foliage, compact growth, orange-red berries in fall, red fall foliage
38.	Sumac (Staghorn Sumac)*	10—15′	8—10′	sun, part shade	Large shrub or small tree, interesting stems in winter, red fruits in cluster, red fall foliage

39.	Creeping Juniper	6″	2—4″	sun, shade	Many native varieties, slow growth, good ground cover

40.	Andorra Juniper	1′	3—5′	sun, part shade	Reddish to purplish cast to foliage in winter, easy to grow

41.	Chinese Creeping Juniper	1′	3—5′	sun, part shade	Silver green foliage, flared needles often attacked by spider mites

42.	Bush Juniper (Common Juniper)	2′	4—5′	sun, shade	Native spreading juniper with open form, shears well to compact form

43.	Savin Juniper	2—3′	6′	sun, part shade	Dark green, fine foliage, tolerates more alkaline conditions than Chinese Juniper

44.	Tamarix Juniper	2—3′	5′	sun, shade	One of the best varieties for Wyoming. Compact growth, feathery foliage

45.	Pfitzer Juniper	3—4′	6—7′	sun, part shade	Often chlorotic in alkaline soils, hardy, easy to grow and readily available

46.	Meyer Juniper	3—4′	5′	sun, part shade	Taller spreader with irregular growth, attractive and hardy, adds interest

47.	Mugho Pine	6—15′	6—10′	sun, part shade	Large shrub pine, dark green, rounded form

48.	Dwarf Mugho Pine	3—4′	4′	sun, part shade	Dwarf variety of above, good foundation plant, slow growing

49.	Pinon Pine*	6—15′	6—8′	sun, part shade	Dwarf pine, attractive, often attacked by midges. Prefers dry sites, best of all upright evergreens for drought, however, should not be artificially irrigated

CONIFEROUS TREES (None on poorly drained sites)
50.	Rocky Mountain Juniper	6—20′	8′	sun	Native throughout Wyoming, fine texture, tight whip-cord foliage

51.	Scopulorem Junipers, Medora, Moffet, Welch, Pathfinder, Cologreen, Platinum, Grey Gleem, et al.	6—10′	5—6′	sun	Selected varieties of above, vary in color from dark green to silver, usually more compact and smaller than native specimens

52.	Utah Juniper	6—10′	6′	sun	Compact, often shrubby tree, coarser than scopulorems, drought tolerant

53.	Eastern Red Cedar	20—30′	8′	sun, part shade	Coarser foliage than scopulorems, useful at lower altitudes, vigorous growth

54.	Red Cedar varieties: Canaerti, Burki, Hills, Dundee, Cupressifolia, et al.	6—10′	5—6′	sun, part shade	Selected varieties of above, of variable color and habit of growth

55.	Austrian Pine	50′	20′	sun	Similar to native ponderosa pine, dark green needles, compact growth, requires wind protection

56.	Limber Pine (Western White Pine)	30′	15′	sun	Open growth, gray bark, often twisted and irregular growth, very attractive, requires wind protection

57.	Lodgepole Pine	40′	10′	sun, shade	Slender, erect habit, yellow-green foliage, good for mass plantings, requires wind protection

58.	Ponderosa Pine (Bull Pine) Pinus Ponderosa	50′	20′	sun, part shade	Drought tolerant, long needles, good color, orange colored bark, attractive native species

59.	Blue Spruce (Colorado Spruce)*	50′	20′	sun, part shade	Most used native species, color variable, selected strains of blues available, best of all upright coniferous species

60.	Black Hills Spruce	40′	15′	sun, part shade	Shorter needles than above, compact growth, shears well

61.	Engleman Spruce	50′	20′	sun, shade	Shorter needles and more open growth than blue spruce, graceful form

62.	Scotch Pine	25—50'	35'	sun	Pyramidal when young, becoming more rounded and open with age; well drained sites; not drought resistant

63.	Fir	30—85'	40'	part shade, sun	Broad, dense, pyramidal tree; prefers moisture, but not flooding

64.	Bristlecone Pine	5—15'	10'	part shade, sun	Strong branches, drought tolerant; shallow roots
DECIDUOUS TREES
65.	Ash (Green Ash)*	40′—50′	40′	sun, part shade	Glossy foliage, sturdy, few problems

66.	Boxelder*	40—50′	40′	sun, part shade	Hardy native species, will grow anywhere

67.	Chokecherry*	15—20′		sun, part shade	Good fruit plant, glossy foliage, attracts birds

68.	Cottonless Cottonwood	50—60′	50′	sun	Most widely used species, no cotton

69.	Lanceleaf Cottonwood*	40—50′	40′	sun	Native species, very hardy and drought tolerant

70.	Narrowleaf Cottonwood*	50—60′	50′	sun	Native species, leaves resemble willow, compact growth

71.	Plains Cottonwood*	50—60′	50′	sun	Parent species of cottonless cottonwoods, rapid growing, adaptable

72.	Crabapple (Flowering Crabs)*	15—20′	15′	sun	Good ornamentals, many other species adaptable at lower altitudes, five blight resistant varieties only

73.	Elm	40 - 50'	40'	sun.	Rapid growth, vase shaped, susceptible to Dutch Elm disease

74.	Hackberry*	30—35′	30′	sun	Hardy native species, resembles elms, ridged corky bark, excellent replacement for elms, but slow growing

75.	Honeylocust*	35—40′	40′	sun	Tap rooting tree, lacy foliage, requires deep soil, most desirable of all shade deciduous trees

76.	Plum (Purpleleaf Plum)*	10—15′	10′	sun	Colorful summer foliage, combines well with Russian Olive or Silver Sage

77.	Balsam Poplar	50—80′	50′	sun	State tree, native to higher altitudes, good growth form, poor choice due to short life span (approximately 10 years), most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

78.	Bolleana Poplar	40—50′	40′	sun	Columnar form of White Poplar, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

79.	Carolina Poplar	40—50′	40′	sun	Cottonless variety of poplar, sometimes winter kills at higher altitudes, most rapid growing of deciduous trees
80.	White Poplar (Silver Poplar)	35—40′	40′	sun	Leaves dark green above, silver underside, rapid growing, sturdy, suckers readily from roots, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

81.	Lombardy Poplar	40—50′	6—10′	sun	Columnar form of black poplar, subject to canker disease, limited use, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

82.	Quaking Aspen	30—50′	6—20′	sun, part shade	Native, suckers from roots, good for clump or mass plantings, dry sites only, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

83.	Staghorn Sumac*	15—20′	10	sun, shade	Interesting growth form, showy red fruits, suckers from roots, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

84.	Linden	50—70'	40'	shade, sun	Pyramidal when young, becoming rounded when mature; flowers

85.	Bur Oak	40—70'	40'	part shade, sun	Long lived tree, strong branches, spreading crown

86.	Kentucky Coffeetree	60—75'	35'	sun	Accepts variety of soils, excellent ornamental or street tree

87.	Northern Catalpa	30—75'	20'	sun	Flowers, large leaves; adaptable to variety of soil and water conditions

88.	Black Walnut	30—75'	30'	sun	Edible nuts, adapts to variety of soils, crown is open and spreading

89.	Black Locust	30—50'	30'	sun	Fast growing, adapted to variety of soils, seedlings susceptible to winter dieback

90.	Mountain Ash	25—35'	25'	part shade, sun	Upright, narrow, spreading growth habit; drought tolerant, but prefers moist well drained soils

91.	Ohio Buckeye	20—40'	25'	sun	Dense, oblong crown, becoming rounded with age; not drought resistant

92.	Tatarian Maple	18—30'	20'	part shade, sun	Multi-stemmed, rounded; prefers moist, well drained soils; moderate drought tolerance

93.	Amur Maple	15—20'	15'	part shade, sun	Multi-stemmed, variably rounded small tree; prefers moist, well drained soils; moderate drought tolerance

94.	Amur Maackia	20—30'	20'	part/full sun	Grows on difficult sites; open, spreading crown, variety of soils; moderate drought tolerance

95.	Hawthorn	15—20'	15'	sun	Broadly rounded, low branches, white flowers, red fruit, thorny stems; moderate drought tolerance

96.	Apricot	10—40'	10—20'	sun	Fast growing, spreading; winter hardy, drought resistant, white flowers, edible fruit

97.	Peach	10—15'	15'	part shade, sun	Edible fruit, spreading habit; moderately drought tolerant
* Indicates highly reliable for growth in Casper area.
** This list is not meant to be definitive or include all possible species that would grow in the Casper area, but lists the most highly reliable species requiring a minimum amount of care.

(Ord. No. 7-10, §§ 10—12, 4-6-2010)

Casper City Zoning Code

Appendix B

LANDSCAPING

* Ordinance history: Ord. 5-91, as amended by Ords. 14-98 and 26-99.

Editor's note: Section 1 of Ord. No. 7-10, adopted April 6, 2010, retitled Appendix B, Landscaping Application, to read as herein set out.

Goal.

To beautify and improve the quality of life within the city.

Objectives.

The landscaping procedures and provisions for the city are designed to meet the following objectives:

To encourage quality development within the city;

To provide a smooth transition between adjoining properties;

To screen service yards, parking lots, and other areas which tend to be a nuisance;

To improve erosion control;

To encourage a sense of commitment to the city and its residents on the part of developers, schools, and government agencies; and

To provide for the health, safety and welfare of the residents of the city.

Definition.

Landscaping means the use of vegetation and inorganic durable materials such as those identified below, to enhance the visual attractiveness of a site and improve erosion control.

For the purposes of satisfying the city subdivision and zoning ordinance, landscaping shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Formal turf areas;

Trees, shrubs, bushes, ground cover or planting;

Sprinkler systems;

Decorative rock, natural or manmade;

Decorative lighting (standard street lighting or lighting used primarily for security purposes is not considered decorative);

Benches, tables, fountains, planters, kiosks, and public transit shelters, waterfalls, and manmade streams;

Decorative fences, retaining walls, i.e., railroad ties, brick, flagstone;

Ponds, excluding detention and retention ponds;

Berms and mounds.

Procedures.

A complete, itemized listing of all landscape materials and plants, and final locations of all landscaping materials;

(Ord. No. 7-10, §§ 2—4, 4-6-2010)

Landscaping Criteria.

The landscaping plan must comply with the following criteria:

Minimum size of plant and other materials shall comply with the criteria and specifications set forth in Building Casper's Urban Forest, A Tree and Shrub Selection and Care Guide.

Inorganic ground cover shall consist of rock, decorative pavers or wood fiber.

If wood fiber is utilized, it shall be a minimum of two inches in depth.

If rock is utilized, it shall be a minimum of one inch in size and a minimum of two inches in depth.

No artificial trees, bushes, hedges, flowers, or shrubs may be used in landscaping any exterior areas, unless having received prior written approval from the community development director.

All planted areas must be provided with sprinkler or drip irrigation systems.

Landscaping shall not:

Interfere with the installation, maintenance and repair of any public utilities;

Restrict pedestrian or vehicular access; or

Constitute a traffic hazard (See Figure 17.12.120 Corner Obstructions Diagram).

The owner shall attempt to use the list of recommended plantings found in Appendix B of Title 17, entitled "Plants Conducive to Growth in Casper Area" when selecting landscaping materials.

A minimum percentage of the site shall be landscaped as detailed in Appendix B of Title 17, entitled "Minimum Landscaping Percentages."

The landscape plan shall be prepared by a landscape architect, landscape contractor, or other qualified person.

The landscape plan must be prepared on a scale of one inch equals ten feet or a multiple thereof and must include:

North arrow, scale and date of preparation;

Common address and location of land under consideration;

Location and width of all interior and abutting roads, highways, rights-of-way and railroad rights-of-way;

Easements on the land under consideration;

Adjoining property lines;

The location, type, and size of all existing plant materials, specifying whether the materials are to remain on the site;

The location, type, size and quantity of proposed plant and other landscaping materials;

A written statement specifying the percentage of total landscaped area that is dedicated to both irrigated, organic landscaping, and inorganic, non-irrigated landscaping materials; and

All other significant features.

All landscaping shall consist of a variety of species to enhance biodiversity. The use of water-efficient landscape materials and design (xeriscaping) is encouraged.

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 5, 4-6-2010)

Exemptions.

The community development director may permit an exemption from installing landscaping on a site if any one of the following criteria is met:

If the development is located in the C-3 (Central Business) zoning district, and the existing or proposed development pattern precludes the installation of landscaping on-site;

If the development site does not have public water service; or

If the development site lacks adequate or practical space for landscaping.

Commercial: 8% of the (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

Industrial: 5% of the (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

Multi-family residential: 7% of (building permit) valuation of the structure(s)

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 6, 4-6-2010)

Performance Security.

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 7, 4-6-2010; Res. No. 10-171, 6-15-2010)

MINIMUM LANDSCAPING PERCENTAGES

Size of Site	Minimum Percentage of Land to be Landscaped
Multifamily Sites	10%
Commercial Sites
0 to 19,999 square feet	10%
20,000 square feet to 1 acre	8%
Over 1 acre	6%
Industrial Sites
0 to 19,999 square feet	6%
20,000 square feet to 1 acre	5%
Over 1 acre	4%
ED District
0 to over 1 acre	8%

(Ord. No. 7-10, § 9, 4-6-2010)

PLANTS CONDUCIVE TO GROWTH IN CASPER AREA

Common Name		Height at Maturity	Spacing	Exposure	Comments

1.	Almond (Flowering Almond)*	3′	3′	sun, part shade	Double pink blooms, attractive foliage

2.	Blue Mist (Blue Spirea)	2—3′	3′	sun	Freezes to ground in winter, blue blossoms in fall

3.	Buffalo Berry*	8—12′	8′	sun	Silvery bold foliage, scarlet fruit, drought tolerant

4.	Cherry (Nanking Cherry)	6—8′	4′	sun	Tall slender shrub, attractive foliage, edible fruit

5.	Cherry (Purple leaf Cherry)*	5—7′	5′	sun	Colorful summer foliage, combines well with silver foliage plants

6.	Cherry (Sand Cherry)*	3—4′	4′	sun	Compact plant, glossy foliage, edible fruit, many improved horticultural varieties available

7.	Chokecherry	10—15′	8′	sun, part shade	Tall, tree-like shrub, edible fruit, attractive to birds

8.	Coralberry	3—4′	3′	sun, shade	Good compact shrub, attractive foliage, pink fruits

9.	Cotoneaster (Peking Cotoneaster)*	5—7′	4′	sun, part shade	Glossy foliage leafs early and retains foliage late, showy scarlet fruits, attracts birds

10.	Cotoneaster (European Cotoneaster)*	4—5′	4′	sun, part shade	More compact than Peking Cotoneaster, good for low hedges; excellent recommended replacement for prostrate-type junipers

11.	Cotoneaster (Rock Cotoneaster)*	2′	3′	sun, part shade	Spreading form of cotoneaster, good for rock gardens

12.	Curl-leaf Mountain Mahogany	4—6′	5′	sun, part shade	Native, evergreen shrub, drought tolerant, one of our best native species

13.	Currant (Alpine Currant)	3—4′	3′	sun, shade	Very hardy, good for altitudes, scarlet fruits

14.	Dogwood (Redtwig Dogwood)	6—8′	6′	sun, shade	Native, throughout state, improved varieties have more compact growth, winter color

15.	Elder (Elderberry)	6—8′	6′	sun	Showy tall shrub with edible fruits, coarse foliage, attractive to birds

16.	Elder (Golden Elder)	6—8′	6′	sun	Similar to above with yellow foliage

17.	Fragrant Viburnum	5—6′	5′	sun, part shade	Fragrant pink blossoms in clusters, red fruit in fall, attractive to birds

18.	Honeysuckle (Bush Honeysuckle)*	—10′	8′	sun, part shade	Tall open shrub, rapid growing, fragrant blossoms, red berries in fall

19.	Honeysuckle (Red Bush Honeysuckle)*	8—10′	8′	sun, part shade	Similar to above, but with red blossoms

20.	Lilac (Common Lilac)*	8—10′	6′	sun, shade	Hardy, easy to grow, erect habit, sometimes leggy

21.	Lilac (French Hybrid Class)*	6—8′	5′	sun, part shade	Hybrids of above, more compact, growth, many colors

22.	Lilac (Persian Lilac)*	6—8′	6′	sun, part shade	Smaller leaves than common, does not sucker as readily, blossoms not as showy

23.	Peashrub (Siberian Peashrub)*	8—12′	6′	sun	Tall, vigorous growth, drought tolerant, tends to become leggy

24.	Peashrub (Littleleaf Peashrub)*	6—8′	4′	sun	Better species for ornamental use than above, more compact growth, good for hedges

25.	Peashrub (Dwarf Peashrub)	3—4′	3′	sun	Excellent compact shrub for specimen or hedge use, thorny

26.	Plum (Flowering Plum)	6—8′	6′	sun, part shade	Showy double pink blossoms before leaves

27.	Potentilla (Shrubby Cinqefoil)*	2—3′	2′	sun	Excellent native shrub, yellow flowers from June to frost. Many horticultural varieties

28.	Rabbitbrush	2—4′	2—3′	sun	Compact native shrub, good summer foliage, yellow blossoms, interesting winter twigs

29.	Russian Sage*	2—3′	2′	sun	Blue blossoms in late summer, drought and heat tolerant, difficult to find

30.	Silver Sage	3—6′	4′	sun	Attractive silver foliage, half evergreen, little used native with much ornamental value

31.	Serviceberry (Juneberry)	6—8′	5′	sun	Edible bluish fruit, attractive foliage, open coarse growth

32.	Snowberry	3—5′	3′	sun, shade	Compact attractive native shrub, white berries, many horticultural varieties

33.	Soapweed (Adams Needle)	2′	1—2′	sun	Evergreen perennial, attractive swordlike leaves, deep rhizomatous root system

34.	Spirea (Thunberg Spirea)*	3—4′	3′	sun, part shade	Chlorotic in alkaline soils, lacy foliage, white blossoms before leaves

35.	Spirea (Van Houtte Spirea)*	4—5′	4′	sun, part shade	Chlorotic in alkaline soils, white blossoms in clusters after leafing, good hedging plant

36.	Sumac (Rocky Mountain Sumac)*	2—3′	2′	sun, part shade	Compact growth, showy fruits, leaves scarlet in fall, good ornamental native

37.	Sumac (Three-leaf Sumac)*	4—6′	5′	sun	Good summer foliage, compact growth, orange-red berries in fall, red fall foliage
38.	Sumac (Staghorn Sumac)*	10—15′	8—10′	sun, part shade	Large shrub or small tree, interesting stems in winter, red fruits in cluster, red fall foliage

39.	Creeping Juniper	6″	2—4″	sun, shade	Many native varieties, slow growth, good ground cover

40.	Andorra Juniper	1′	3—5′	sun, part shade	Reddish to purplish cast to foliage in winter, easy to grow

41.	Chinese Creeping Juniper	1′	3—5′	sun, part shade	Silver green foliage, flared needles often attacked by spider mites

42.	Bush Juniper (Common Juniper)	2′	4—5′	sun, shade	Native spreading juniper with open form, shears well to compact form

43.	Savin Juniper	2—3′	6′	sun, part shade	Dark green, fine foliage, tolerates more alkaline conditions than Chinese Juniper

44.	Tamarix Juniper	2—3′	5′	sun, shade	One of the best varieties for Wyoming. Compact growth, feathery foliage

45.	Pfitzer Juniper	3—4′	6—7′	sun, part shade	Often chlorotic in alkaline soils, hardy, easy to grow and readily available

46.	Meyer Juniper	3—4′	5′	sun, part shade	Taller spreader with irregular growth, attractive and hardy, adds interest

47.	Mugho Pine	6—15′	6—10′	sun, part shade	Large shrub pine, dark green, rounded form

48.	Dwarf Mugho Pine	3—4′	4′	sun, part shade	Dwarf variety of above, good foundation plant, slow growing

49.	Pinon Pine*	6—15′	6—8′	sun, part shade	Dwarf pine, attractive, often attacked by midges. Prefers dry sites, best of all upright evergreens for drought, however, should not be artificially irrigated

CONIFEROUS TREES (None on poorly drained sites)
50.	Rocky Mountain Juniper	6—20′	8′	sun	Native throughout Wyoming, fine texture, tight whip-cord foliage

51.	Scopulorem Junipers, Medora, Moffet, Welch, Pathfinder, Cologreen, Platinum, Grey Gleem, et al.	6—10′	5—6′	sun	Selected varieties of above, vary in color from dark green to silver, usually more compact and smaller than native specimens

52.	Utah Juniper	6—10′	6′	sun	Compact, often shrubby tree, coarser than scopulorems, drought tolerant

53.	Eastern Red Cedar	20—30′	8′	sun, part shade	Coarser foliage than scopulorems, useful at lower altitudes, vigorous growth

54.	Red Cedar varieties: Canaerti, Burki, Hills, Dundee, Cupressifolia, et al.	6—10′	5—6′	sun, part shade	Selected varieties of above, of variable color and habit of growth

55.	Austrian Pine	50′	20′	sun	Similar to native ponderosa pine, dark green needles, compact growth, requires wind protection

56.	Limber Pine (Western White Pine)	30′	15′	sun	Open growth, gray bark, often twisted and irregular growth, very attractive, requires wind protection

57.	Lodgepole Pine	40′	10′	sun, shade	Slender, erect habit, yellow-green foliage, good for mass plantings, requires wind protection

58.	Ponderosa Pine (Bull Pine) Pinus Ponderosa	50′	20′	sun, part shade	Drought tolerant, long needles, good color, orange colored bark, attractive native species

59.	Blue Spruce (Colorado Spruce)*	50′	20′	sun, part shade	Most used native species, color variable, selected strains of blues available, best of all upright coniferous species

60.	Black Hills Spruce	40′	15′	sun, part shade	Shorter needles than above, compact growth, shears well

61.	Engleman Spruce	50′	20′	sun, shade	Shorter needles and more open growth than blue spruce, graceful form

62.	Scotch Pine	25—50'	35'	sun	Pyramidal when young, becoming more rounded and open with age; well drained sites; not drought resistant

63.	Fir	30—85'	40'	part shade, sun	Broad, dense, pyramidal tree; prefers moisture, but not flooding

64.	Bristlecone Pine	5—15'	10'	part shade, sun	Strong branches, drought tolerant; shallow roots
DECIDUOUS TREES
65.	Ash (Green Ash)*	40′—50′	40′	sun, part shade	Glossy foliage, sturdy, few problems

66.	Boxelder*	40—50′	40′	sun, part shade	Hardy native species, will grow anywhere

67.	Chokecherry*	15—20′		sun, part shade	Good fruit plant, glossy foliage, attracts birds

68.	Cottonless Cottonwood	50—60′	50′	sun	Most widely used species, no cotton

69.	Lanceleaf Cottonwood*	40—50′	40′	sun	Native species, very hardy and drought tolerant

70.	Narrowleaf Cottonwood*	50—60′	50′	sun	Native species, leaves resemble willow, compact growth

71.	Plains Cottonwood*	50—60′	50′	sun	Parent species of cottonless cottonwoods, rapid growing, adaptable

72.	Crabapple (Flowering Crabs)*	15—20′	15′	sun	Good ornamentals, many other species adaptable at lower altitudes, five blight resistant varieties only

73.	Elm	40 - 50'	40'	sun.	Rapid growth, vase shaped, susceptible to Dutch Elm disease

74.	Hackberry*	30—35′	30′	sun	Hardy native species, resembles elms, ridged corky bark, excellent replacement for elms, but slow growing

75.	Honeylocust*	35—40′	40′	sun	Tap rooting tree, lacy foliage, requires deep soil, most desirable of all shade deciduous trees

76.	Plum (Purpleleaf Plum)*	10—15′	10′	sun	Colorful summer foliage, combines well with Russian Olive or Silver Sage

77.	Balsam Poplar	50—80′	50′	sun	State tree, native to higher altitudes, good growth form, poor choice due to short life span (approximately 10 years), most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

78.	Bolleana Poplar	40—50′	40′	sun	Columnar form of White Poplar, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

79.	Carolina Poplar	40—50′	40′	sun	Cottonless variety of poplar, sometimes winter kills at higher altitudes, most rapid growing of deciduous trees
80.	White Poplar (Silver Poplar)	35—40′	40′	sun	Leaves dark green above, silver underside, rapid growing, sturdy, suckers readily from roots, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

81.	Lombardy Poplar	40—50′	6—10′	sun	Columnar form of black poplar, subject to canker disease, limited use, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

82.	Quaking Aspen	30—50′	6—20′	sun, part shade	Native, suckers from roots, good for clump or mass plantings, dry sites only, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

83.	Staghorn Sumac*	15—20′	10	sun, shade	Interesting growth form, showy red fruits, suckers from roots, most rapid growing of all deciduous trees

84.	Linden	50—70'	40'	shade, sun	Pyramidal when young, becoming rounded when mature; flowers

85.	Bur Oak	40—70'	40'	part shade, sun	Long lived tree, strong branches, spreading crown

86.	Kentucky Coffeetree	60—75'	35'	sun	Accepts variety of soils, excellent ornamental or street tree

87.	Northern Catalpa	30—75'	20'	sun	Flowers, large leaves; adaptable to variety of soil and water conditions

88.	Black Walnut	30—75'	30'	sun	Edible nuts, adapts to variety of soils, crown is open and spreading

89.	Black Locust	30—50'	30'	sun	Fast growing, adapted to variety of soils, seedlings susceptible to winter dieback

90.	Mountain Ash	25—35'	25'	part shade, sun	Upright, narrow, spreading growth habit; drought tolerant, but prefers moist well drained soils

91.	Ohio Buckeye	20—40'	25'	sun	Dense, oblong crown, becoming rounded with age; not drought resistant

92.	Tatarian Maple	18—30'	20'	part shade, sun	Multi-stemmed, rounded; prefers moist, well drained soils; moderate drought tolerance

93.	Amur Maple	15—20'	15'	part shade, sun	Multi-stemmed, variably rounded small tree; prefers moist, well drained soils; moderate drought tolerance

94.	Amur Maackia	20—30'	20'	part/full sun	Grows on difficult sites; open, spreading crown, variety of soils; moderate drought tolerance

95.	Hawthorn	15—20'	15'	sun	Broadly rounded, low branches, white flowers, red fruit, thorny stems; moderate drought tolerance

96.	Apricot	10—40'	10—20'	sun	Fast growing, spreading; winter hardy, drought resistant, white flowers, edible fruit

97.	Peach	10—15'	15'	part shade, sun	Edible fruit, spreading habit; moderately drought tolerant
* Indicates highly reliable for growth in Casper area.
** This list is not meant to be definitive or include all possible species that would grow in the Casper area, but lists the most highly reliable species requiring a minimum amount of care.

(Ord. No. 7-10, §§ 10—12, 4-6-2010)