The R-1 and R-2 Single-Family Residential Districts are intended to continue the historic development pattern of primarily single-family detached dwellings, with two-unit dwellings and limited detached accessory dwellings along with other residentially related facilities which serve the residents in the district.

(Ord. No. 787, § 1, 6-20-2022)

In a Single-Family Residential District, no building or land shall be used and no building shall be erected except for one or more of the following specified uses unless otherwise provided in this ordinance:

1.

Single-family detached dwellings provided that such dwellings meet the following minimum standards:

a.

The dwelling and any additions to said dwelling shall be permanently anchored to a foundation. The foundation shall be constructed in accordance with the city building code and all state regulations.

b.

The dwelling shall have permanently attached steps connected to the exterior door areas or to porches connected to said door areas where there is a difference in elevation between the dwelling floor and exterior grade or porch of seven and one-half inches or more.

c.

The dwelling unit shall have a minimum footprint of 600 square feet, not including an attached garage.

d.

The dwelling roof shall meet the live load standards of the city building code.

e.

Wheels, towing or transportation mechanisms shall be removed from mobile- or modular-type dwelling units. The mobile or modular dwelling units shall be installed pursuant to the manufacturer's setup instructions.

f.

In addition to the requirements of paragraphs a., e. above, in the case of a mobile home, the mobile home shall be secured by an anchoring system compatible with those required by the Michigan Mobile Home Commission regulations. Mobile homes shall also comply with U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development construction safety and energy standards. (Effective June 16, 1976.)

2.

Publicly owned marinas, libraries, parks, parkways and recreational facilities.

3.

Cemeteries which lawfully occupied land at the time of the adoption of this ordinance.

4.

Public, parochial and other private elementary schools offering courses in general education and not operated for profit.

5.

Accessory building and uses customarily incident to any of the above-permitted uses, including:

a.

Sales of personal items from a private residence, such as garage or yard sales, are allowed for no more than three days in any 90-day period.

6.

Bed and breakfast operations as a subordinate use to single-family dwelling units and subject to city licensing provisions.

7.

Home businesses subject to the following:

a.

Are incidental to the primary residential use.

b.

Are conducted entirely within a structure and not evident in any way from the street or from any neighboring premises.

c.

Do not involve any outdoor activities, and have no visible display or storage of goods from outside the dwelling unit.

d.

Business is carried on only by the inhabitants of the building.

e.

Do not change the character of the building in which it is conducted.

f.

Do not constitute, create or increase a nuisance.

g.

Employ only mechanical equipment which is similar in power usage and type used for household purposes, home offices, or hobby workshops.

h.

Devote no more than the equivalent of 25 percent of the principal building to the home business wherever located.

i.

Business-related traffic is restricted to between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.

j.

Must not require business-related parking in excess of two spaces.

k.

Must not generate vehicle trips in excess of ten trips per day.

8.

Two-family attached dwellings subject to the following standards:

a.

All regulations as contained in article XVI, section 1600, schedule limiting height, bulk, density and area by zoning district, in accordance with the district in which the parcel is located.

b.

A two-family dwelling shall meet parking requirements of section 1704.

c.

Two-family attached dwellings shall be architecturally compatible in size and character with the surrounding neighborhood.

d.

A two-family dwelling shall not allow a garage to protrude beyond the front building plane.

e.

For conversion of an existing building, the second dwelling entrance shall only be located on a non-street fronting building facade.

f.

An exterior stairway to an upper level dwelling shall only be located on the side or rear of the structure and within the required building setbacks.

9.

One detached accessory dwelling unit (ADU) is allowed per residential lot subject to staff review and approval that the following standards are met:

a.

An ADU is permitted on a parcel that has one single-family dwelling as the permitted principal use.

b.

The property owner shall occupy either the ADU or the single-family dwelling on the property, except for temporary absences not to exceed a combined total of six months in a calendar year, and be the primary residence of the property owner.

c.

An ADU shall not exceed 600 square feet.

d.

The property cannot exceed the lot coverage allowances of section 1600 of the zoning ordinance.

e.

At least one off-street parking space shall be provided for the ADU. Tandem or stacked parking in a driveway may count toward the off-street parking requirement.

f.

An ADU is not allowed on a property with a shared driveway.

g.

Leasing or rental of the ADU for less than three months is prohibited.

h.

The accessory dwelling unit shall not have separate utility laterals.

i.

A deed restriction that runs with the land, on a form to be provided by the city, shall be filed with the register of deeds prior to issuance of a zoning permit, and it shall incorporate the following restrictions:

1.

The ADU shall not be sold separately from the single-family dwelling.

2.

Shall specify the owner occupancy requirement and rental time limit.

3.

The deed restriction shall be in effect until the ADU is removed.

j.

No more than ten new accessory dwelling units shall be permitted in a calendar year.

k.

The ADU cannot exceed 1½ stories and 16 feet, or the height of the principal structure, whichever is less.

l.

ADUs are only allowed in a rear yard and must have a minimum side-yard setback of five feet, and a rear-yard setback of five feet. If located on an alley, accessory building setbacks shall apply.

m.

ADUs shall be compatible in appearance with the neighborhood.

(Ord. No. 542, § B, 5-3-1982; Ord. No. 558, § 2, 5-7-1984; Ord. No. 628, § 1, 9-17-1990; Ord. No. 723, § 1, 2-7-2011; Ord. No. 724, § 1, 2-21-2011; Ord. No. 725, § 1, 4-25-2011; Ord. No. 751, § 1, 8-3-2015; Ord. No. 787, §§ 2, 3, 6-20-2022)

Cross reference— Bed and breakfast operations, ch. 6.

The following uses shall be permitted, subject to the conditions hereinafter imposed for each use and subject further to the review and approval of the site plan and section 1717, Standards of review.

1.

Churches and other facilities normally incidental thereto subject to the following conditions:

a.

Buildings of greater than maximum height allowed in article XVI, Schedule of Regulations may be allowed provided front, side and rear yards are increased above the minimum required yards by one foot for each foot of building height that exceeds the maximum height allowed.

b.

The site has frontage or direct access to an existing or planned principal or minor arterial.

2.

Public, parochial and private intermediate and/or secondary schools offering courses in general education, not operated for profit when the site has frontage or direct access to an existing or planned principal or minor arterial.

3.

Utility and public service buildings and uses (without storage yards) when operating requirements necessitate the locating of said building within the district in order to serve the immediate vicinity.

4.

Non-public recreational areas and recreation facilities when not operated for profit and primarily intended to serve residents of a planned development.

5.

Cemeteries subject to the following:

a.

All sides of the cemetery shall be adequately screened from any residential view.

b.

All access to said site shall be directly from a principal or minor arterial.

6.

Municipal office buildings when in character with the neighborhood.

7.

Accessory buildings and uses customarily incident to any of the above permitted uses.

8.

Two-family attached dwellings subject to the following standards:

a.

All regulations as contained in article XVI, section 1600, Schedule limiting height, bulk, density and area by zoning district, in accordance with the district in which the parcel is located.

b.

A two-family dwelling shall meet parking requirements of section 1704.

c.

A two-family dwelling shall not allow a garage to protrude beyond the front building plane.

(Ord. No. 501, § 1, 12-5-1977; Ord. No. 632, § 3, 10-21-1991; Ord. No. 751, § 1, 8-3-2015; Ord. No. 782, § 1, 8-2-2021)

See article XVI Schedule of Regulations limiting the height and bulk of buildings, the minimum size of lot permitted by land use, the maximum density permitted, and providing minimum yard setback requirements.