Richmond City Zoning Code

APPENDIX A

- GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHING PEAK HOUR TRIP CREDITS FOR TDM MEASURES

(Not adopted into Article XV)

All new developments subject to the TDM program is required to show a 15 percent reduction in peak hour vehicle trips from ITE standard rates. Peak hour is defined as the hour when greatest traffic volume occurs; it generally occurs during morning and afternoon commute times. Traffic counts are obtained during a.m. and p.m. peak periods and the volume from the heaviest hour of a.m. or p.m. traffic is used to define peak hour for those time periods.

Transportation Demand Management	Number of Peak Hour Trips Credited	Rationale
Secure bicycle storage	One peak hour trip will be credited for every 0.8 new bike lockers/racks installed and maintained. Lockers/racks must be installed within 100 feet of the building.	Experience has shown that bicycle commuters will average using this mode one-third of the time, especially during warmer summer months.
Showers and changing rooms	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each new combination shower and changing room installed. An additional 5 peak hour trips will be credited when installed in combination with at least 5 bike lockers.	5 to 1 ratio based on cost to build and the likelihood that bicycle utilization will increase.
Operation of a dedicated shuttle service during the peak period to a rail station	One peak hour trip will be credited for each peak-hour round trip seat on the shuttle. Increases to two trips if a Guaranteed Ride Home Program is also in place.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one seat in a shuttle equals one auto trip reduced); utilization increases when a guaranteed ride home program is also made available.
Guaranteed Ride Home Program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each 10% of site commuters who reported using non-auto or high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) modes of transportation as their "primary mode of transportation" to/from work on the most recent employee transportation survey.	The availability of a guaranteed ride home will have greater impact at employment sites that have a lower share of employees who regularly commute by driving alone. Yield's an effective 10% increase in the percentage of commuters choosing not to drive alone.
Charging employees for parking	Two peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot charged out at least $20 per month for one year.	Two to one ratio reflects the relative importance of parking charges for vehicle trip reduction.
Subsidizing transit tickets for employees	One peak hour trip will be credited for each transit pass that is subsidized at least $20 per month for one year. One additional trip will be credited if the subsidy is increased to $75 for parents using transit to take a child to childcare enroute to work.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one transit pass equals one auto trip reduced).
Subsidizing pedestrians/bicyclists who commute to work	One peak hour trip will be credited for each employee that is subsidized at least $20 per month for one year.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (One pedestrian/bicyclist equals one auto trip reduced).
Creation of preferential parking for carpoolers	One peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot reserved.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one reserved parking spot equals a minimum of one auto trip reduced).
Creation of preferential parking for vanpoolers	2 peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot reserved.	Preferential parking provides an added incentive to commute by vanpool (this credit assumes that 1—2 passengers per van would otherwise have chosen to drive alone, were it not for the preferential parking.
Implementation of a vanpool program	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each vanpool arranged by a specific program operated at the site of the development.	The average van capacity is seven. This credit assumes that at least five of seven passenger trips taken by vanpool during the peak hour represent trips that would otherwise be taken by driving alone.
Operation of a commute assistance center, offering on site, one stop shopping for transit and commute alternatives information	One peak hour trip will be credited for each feature added to the information center; and an additional one peak hour trip will be credited for 40 employees on site. Features may include: • Transit information brochure rack with maps and schedules • Real-time transit arrival/next bus/train information display • On-site transit ticket sales • Educational programs to support commute alternatives	Short of there being major disincentives to driving, having an on-site TDM program offering commute assistance is fundamental to an effective TDM program.
Survey employees to examine use and best practices	Two peak hour trips will be credited for a survey developed to be administered twice yearly	Professional best estimate with the goal of finding best practices to achieve the mode shift goal.
Parking cash out program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each parking spot where the employee is offered and takes a cash payment in return for not using parking at the employment site.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one cashed out parking spot equals one auto trip reduced).
Compressed workweek program	One peak hour trip will be credited for every 5 employees that are offered the opportunity to work four compressed days per week.	Typical participating employees will take 20% fewer vehicle trips to the work site each week.
Flextime: Implementation of an alternate hours workweek program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each employee that is offered the opportunity to work staggered work hours.	Employees working alternative, or non-conventional work hours are assumed to be commuting to/from the worksite outside of the observed hours of peak demand for access to/from the site.
On-site amenities	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each feature added to the job site. Features may include: • banking • grocery shopping • clothes cleaning • exercise facilities • child care center	Professional "best estimate." Assumes vehicle trip reduction resulting from internal capture, wherein commuters visit multiple establishments on each trip.
Child care services	One trip will be credited for every two child care slots at the job site.	Professional "best estimate."
Shared parking	Five peak hour trips will be credited for every 50 parking spaces subject to an agreement with an existing development to share existing parking.	Shared parking encourages internal capture, with circulation and visitation to multiple establishments made by non-auto mode.
Participate in/create/sponsor a Transportation Management Association	Five peak hour trips will be credited for every 200 employees at an organization participating in a TMA.	Generally acceptable TDM practices. A TMA can help promote, administer, and implement.

Consultant Team
Michael V. Dyett, FAICP	Project Manager
Vicki Hill	Director of Environmental Services
Monica Szydlik	Senior Associate
Kate Didech	Associate Planner
Isha Bhattarai	Senior GIS Specialist
Mark Chambers	Senior Cartographer
Angela Wang	Planner
Ella Wise	Planner
Karina Schneider	Project Associate

Richmond City Zoning Code

APPENDIX A

- GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHING PEAK HOUR TRIP CREDITS FOR TDM MEASURES

(Not adopted into Article XV)

Transportation Demand Management	Number of Peak Hour Trips Credited	Rationale
Secure bicycle storage	One peak hour trip will be credited for every 0.8 new bike lockers/racks installed and maintained. Lockers/racks must be installed within 100 feet of the building.	Experience has shown that bicycle commuters will average using this mode one-third of the time, especially during warmer summer months.
Showers and changing rooms	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each new combination shower and changing room installed. An additional 5 peak hour trips will be credited when installed in combination with at least 5 bike lockers.	5 to 1 ratio based on cost to build and the likelihood that bicycle utilization will increase.
Operation of a dedicated shuttle service during the peak period to a rail station	One peak hour trip will be credited for each peak-hour round trip seat on the shuttle. Increases to two trips if a Guaranteed Ride Home Program is also in place.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one seat in a shuttle equals one auto trip reduced); utilization increases when a guaranteed ride home program is also made available.
Guaranteed Ride Home Program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each 10% of site commuters who reported using non-auto or high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) modes of transportation as their "primary mode of transportation" to/from work on the most recent employee transportation survey.	The availability of a guaranteed ride home will have greater impact at employment sites that have a lower share of employees who regularly commute by driving alone. Yield's an effective 10% increase in the percentage of commuters choosing not to drive alone.
Charging employees for parking	Two peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot charged out at least $20 per month for one year.	Two to one ratio reflects the relative importance of parking charges for vehicle trip reduction.
Subsidizing transit tickets for employees	One peak hour trip will be credited for each transit pass that is subsidized at least $20 per month for one year. One additional trip will be credited if the subsidy is increased to $75 for parents using transit to take a child to childcare enroute to work.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one transit pass equals one auto trip reduced).
Subsidizing pedestrians/bicyclists who commute to work	One peak hour trip will be credited for each employee that is subsidized at least $20 per month for one year.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (One pedestrian/bicyclist equals one auto trip reduced).
Creation of preferential parking for carpoolers	One peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot reserved.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one reserved parking spot equals a minimum of one auto trip reduced).
Creation of preferential parking for vanpoolers	2 peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot reserved.	Preferential parking provides an added incentive to commute by vanpool (this credit assumes that 1—2 passengers per van would otherwise have chosen to drive alone, were it not for the preferential parking.
Implementation of a vanpool program	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each vanpool arranged by a specific program operated at the site of the development.	The average van capacity is seven. This credit assumes that at least five of seven passenger trips taken by vanpool during the peak hour represent trips that would otherwise be taken by driving alone.
Operation of a commute assistance center, offering on site, one stop shopping for transit and commute alternatives information	One peak hour trip will be credited for each feature added to the information center; and an additional one peak hour trip will be credited for 40 employees on site. Features may include: • Transit information brochure rack with maps and schedules • Real-time transit arrival/next bus/train information display • On-site transit ticket sales • Educational programs to support commute alternatives	Short of there being major disincentives to driving, having an on-site TDM program offering commute assistance is fundamental to an effective TDM program.
Survey employees to examine use and best practices	Two peak hour trips will be credited for a survey developed to be administered twice yearly	Professional best estimate with the goal of finding best practices to achieve the mode shift goal.
Parking cash out program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each parking spot where the employee is offered and takes a cash payment in return for not using parking at the employment site.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one cashed out parking spot equals one auto trip reduced).
Compressed workweek program	One peak hour trip will be credited for every 5 employees that are offered the opportunity to work four compressed days per week.	Typical participating employees will take 20% fewer vehicle trips to the work site each week.
Flextime: Implementation of an alternate hours workweek program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each employee that is offered the opportunity to work staggered work hours.	Employees working alternative, or non-conventional work hours are assumed to be commuting to/from the worksite outside of the observed hours of peak demand for access to/from the site.
On-site amenities	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each feature added to the job site. Features may include: • banking • grocery shopping • clothes cleaning • exercise facilities • child care center	Professional "best estimate." Assumes vehicle trip reduction resulting from internal capture, wherein commuters visit multiple establishments on each trip.
Child care services	One trip will be credited for every two child care slots at the job site.	Professional "best estimate."
Shared parking	Five peak hour trips will be credited for every 50 parking spaces subject to an agreement with an existing development to share existing parking.	Shared parking encourages internal capture, with circulation and visitation to multiple establishments made by non-auto mode.
Participate in/create/sponsor a Transportation Management Association	Five peak hour trips will be credited for every 200 employees at an organization participating in a TMA.	Generally acceptable TDM practices. A TMA can help promote, administer, and implement.

Consultant Team
Michael V. Dyett, FAICP	Project Manager
Vicki Hill	Director of Environmental Services
Monica Szydlik	Senior Associate
Kate Didech	Associate Planner
Isha Bhattarai	Senior GIS Specialist
Mark Chambers	Senior Cartographer
Angela Wang	Planner
Ella Wise	Planner
Karina Schneider	Project Associate

Richmond City Zoning Code

APPENDIX A

- GUIDELINES FOR ESTABLISHING PEAK HOUR TRIP CREDITS FOR TDM MEASURES

(Not adopted into Article XV)

Transportation Demand Management	Number of Peak Hour Trips Credited	Rationale
Secure bicycle storage	One peak hour trip will be credited for every 0.8 new bike lockers/racks installed and maintained. Lockers/racks must be installed within 100 feet of the building.	Experience has shown that bicycle commuters will average using this mode one-third of the time, especially during warmer summer months.
Showers and changing rooms	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each new combination shower and changing room installed. An additional 5 peak hour trips will be credited when installed in combination with at least 5 bike lockers.	5 to 1 ratio based on cost to build and the likelihood that bicycle utilization will increase.
Operation of a dedicated shuttle service during the peak period to a rail station	One peak hour trip will be credited for each peak-hour round trip seat on the shuttle. Increases to two trips if a Guaranteed Ride Home Program is also in place.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one seat in a shuttle equals one auto trip reduced); utilization increases when a guaranteed ride home program is also made available.
Guaranteed Ride Home Program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each 10% of site commuters who reported using non-auto or high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) modes of transportation as their "primary mode of transportation" to/from work on the most recent employee transportation survey.	The availability of a guaranteed ride home will have greater impact at employment sites that have a lower share of employees who regularly commute by driving alone. Yield's an effective 10% increase in the percentage of commuters choosing not to drive alone.
Charging employees for parking	Two peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot charged out at least $20 per month for one year.	Two to one ratio reflects the relative importance of parking charges for vehicle trip reduction.
Subsidizing transit tickets for employees	One peak hour trip will be credited for each transit pass that is subsidized at least $20 per month for one year. One additional trip will be credited if the subsidy is increased to $75 for parents using transit to take a child to childcare enroute to work.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one transit pass equals one auto trip reduced).
Subsidizing pedestrians/bicyclists who commute to work	One peak hour trip will be credited for each employee that is subsidized at least $20 per month for one year.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (One pedestrian/bicyclist equals one auto trip reduced).
Creation of preferential parking for carpoolers	One peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot reserved.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one reserved parking spot equals a minimum of one auto trip reduced).
Creation of preferential parking for vanpoolers	2 peak hour trips will be credited for each parking spot reserved.	Preferential parking provides an added incentive to commute by vanpool (this credit assumes that 1—2 passengers per van would otherwise have chosen to drive alone, were it not for the preferential parking.
Implementation of a vanpool program	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each vanpool arranged by a specific program operated at the site of the development.	The average van capacity is seven. This credit assumes that at least five of seven passenger trips taken by vanpool during the peak hour represent trips that would otherwise be taken by driving alone.
Operation of a commute assistance center, offering on site, one stop shopping for transit and commute alternatives information	One peak hour trip will be credited for each feature added to the information center; and an additional one peak hour trip will be credited for 40 employees on site. Features may include: • Transit information brochure rack with maps and schedules • Real-time transit arrival/next bus/train information display • On-site transit ticket sales • Educational programs to support commute alternatives	Short of there being major disincentives to driving, having an on-site TDM program offering commute assistance is fundamental to an effective TDM program.
Survey employees to examine use and best practices	Two peak hour trips will be credited for a survey developed to be administered twice yearly	Professional best estimate with the goal of finding best practices to achieve the mode shift goal.
Parking cash out program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each parking spot where the employee is offered and takes a cash payment in return for not using parking at the employment site.	Yields a one-to-one ratio (one cashed out parking spot equals one auto trip reduced).
Compressed workweek program	One peak hour trip will be credited for every 5 employees that are offered the opportunity to work four compressed days per week.	Typical participating employees will take 20% fewer vehicle trips to the work site each week.
Flextime: Implementation of an alternate hours workweek program	One peak hour trip will be credited for each employee that is offered the opportunity to work staggered work hours.	Employees working alternative, or non-conventional work hours are assumed to be commuting to/from the worksite outside of the observed hours of peak demand for access to/from the site.
On-site amenities	Five peak hour trips will be credited for each feature added to the job site. Features may include: • banking • grocery shopping • clothes cleaning • exercise facilities • child care center	Professional "best estimate." Assumes vehicle trip reduction resulting from internal capture, wherein commuters visit multiple establishments on each trip.
Child care services	One trip will be credited for every two child care slots at the job site.	Professional "best estimate."
Shared parking	Five peak hour trips will be credited for every 50 parking spaces subject to an agreement with an existing development to share existing parking.	Shared parking encourages internal capture, with circulation and visitation to multiple establishments made by non-auto mode.
Participate in/create/sponsor a Transportation Management Association	Five peak hour trips will be credited for every 200 employees at an organization participating in a TMA.	Generally acceptable TDM practices. A TMA can help promote, administer, and implement.

Consultant Team
Michael V. Dyett, FAICP	Project Manager
Vicki Hill	Director of Environmental Services
Monica Szydlik	Senior Associate
Kate Didech	Associate Planner
Isha Bhattarai	Senior GIS Specialist
Mark Chambers	Senior Cartographer
Angela Wang	Planner
Ella Wise	Planner
Karina Schneider	Project Associate