The provisions of this Chapter shall be known as the Off-street Parking and Loading Requirements. The purpose of these regulations is to require adequate off-street parking and loading, thereby reducing traffic congestion, allowing more efficient utilization of on-street parking, promoting more efficient loading operations, and reducing the use of public streets for loading purposes. Except as may otherwise be specified in Chapter 17.101E for the D-CE Zones, these requirements shall apply to the indicated activities as specified hereinafter. See Chapter 17.101E Central Estuary District Zones Regulations for parking regulations specific to Boat and Marine-Related Sales, Rental, Repair and Servicing for the D-CE Central Estuary District Zones.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13168, § 5(Exh. A-2), 6-18-2013; Prior planning code § 7500)

A.

New Parking and Loading to Be Provided for New Facilities and Additions to Existing Facilities. The off-street parking and loading requirements of this Chapter shall only apply to activities occupying any portion of new facilities and new additions to existing facilities. The required amount of new parking and loading shall be based on the cumulative increase in floor area, or other applicable unit of measurement, and any minimum size for which parking or loading is required in Articles II and IV of this Chapter.

B.

Changes in Activity within an Existing Facility. No additional parking and loading spaces are required for a change of activity within an existing facility. However, if the number of existing parking spaces on the lot equals or is less than required, then these parking spaces must be preserved with the change of activity. If there are more parking spaces on the lot than required, then the number of spaces can be reduced to the minimum required.

C.

New Living Units in Existing Facilities. Except as provided for Accessory Dwelling Units in Section 17.103.080 and Chapter 17.88, no additional parking and loading spaces are required for newly established living units located entirely within an existing facility and outside of the S-9 Fire Safety Protection Combining Zone. However, if the number of existing parking spaces on the lot equals or is less than required, then these parking spaces must be preserved with the establishment of new living units. If there are more parking spaces on the lot than required, then the number of spaces can be reduced to the minimum required.

D.

Existing Required Parking and Loading to Be Maintained. Existing parking or loading that is equal to or less than the minimum required shall not be reduced in amount unless equivalent substitute facilities are provided. These substitute facilities must be consistent with the standards and requirements described in this Chapter.

E.

Parking to be Provided for Existing Residential Facilities. When a conditional use permit is required by Section 17.102.300 for the alteration of, or addition to, an existing Residential Facility in order to create a total of five (5) or more bedrooms in any dwelling unit, the off-street parking requirement of Subsection 17.102.300.C shall apply to the entire facility, including the existing facility and any alteration or addition.

(Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13677, § 4(Exh. A), 1-18-2022; Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13276, § 5(Exh. A), 12-9-2014; Ord. No. 13241, § 5(Exh. D), 7-1-2014; Ord. No. 13172, § 3(Exh. A), 7-2-2013; Prior planning code § 7501)

Whenever a single lot contains different activities with the same off-street parking or loading requirement, the overall requirement shall be based on the sum of all such activities, and the minimum size prescribed hereafter for which any parking or loading is required shall be deemed to be exceeded for all such activities if it is exceeded by their sum. Whenever a single lot contains activities with different off-street parking or loading requirements, the overall requirement shall be the sum of the requirements for each such activity calculated separately; provided, however, that the minimum size prescribed hereafter for which any parking is required shall be deemed to be exceeded on said lot for all activities for which the same or a smaller minimum size, expressed in the same unit of measurement, is prescribed, if said minimum size is exceeded by the sum of all such activities on the lot.

(Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; prior planning code § 7503)

In the case of activities for which the Director of City Planning is required to prescribe a number of parking spaces or loading berths, he or she shall base his or her determination on the traffic generation of the activities, the amount and frequency of loading operations thereof, the time of operation of the activities, their location, and such other factors as affect the need for off-street parking or loading. At his or her discretion, the Director of City Planning may require the applicant to provide an analysis of parking demand and capacity from an independent professional. Any such determination shall be subject to appeal pursuant to the administrative appeal procedure in Chapter 17.132.

(Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; prior planning code § 7509)

If after calculating the number of required off-street parking spaces a quotient is obtained containing a fraction of one-half or more, an additional space shall be required; if such fraction is less than one-half it may be disregarded. When the parking requirement is based on number of employees, the number of spaces shall be based on the number of working persons typically engaging in the specified activity on the lot during the largest shift of the peak season. When the requirement is based on number of doctors, the number of spaces shall be based on the number of such doctors typically engaging in the activity on the lot during the peak daily period. When the requirement is based on number of seats, each twenty (20) inches of pews or similar facilities shall be counted as one seat.

(Prior planning code § 7510)

A.

Minimum and Maximum Parking for Permanent and Semi-Transient Residential Activities.

1.

Minimum Parking for Permanent and Semi-Transient Residential Activities. Except as otherwise provided in Article III and elsewhere in this Title, the following amounts of off-street parking are required for all Permanent and Semi-Transient Residential Activities when located in the indicated zones and occupying the specified facilities:

2.

Maximum Parking for Permanent and Semi-Transient Residential Activities. No more than the following amounts of off-street parking are permitted for all Permanent and Semi-Transient Residential Activities when located in the indicated zones and occupying the specified facilities (If the property is a BART-owned parcel subject to Assembly Bill (AB) 2923 (2018), the maximum number of parking spaces shall be 0.375 spaces for each dwelling unit):

B.

Minimum Parking for Residential Care, Supportive Housing, Transitional Housing, and Emergency Shelter Residential Activities. Except as otherwise provided in Article III and this Title, the following amounts of off-street parking are required for all Residential Care, Supportive Housing, Transitional Housing, and Emergency Shelter Residential Activities when located in any zone and occupying the specified facilities and/or having the specified number of employees and/or facility vehicles.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13677, § 4(Exh. A), 1-18-2022; Ord. No. 13666, § 3(Exh. A), 11-16-2021; Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13435, § 4(Exh. A), 5-2-2017; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13276, § 5(Exh. A), 12-9-2014; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. No. 13241, § 5(Exh. D), 7-1-2014; Ord. No. 13172, § 3(Exh. A), 7-2-2013; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12999, § 4(Exh. A), 3-16-2010; Ord. No. 12971, § 2(Exh. A), 9-22-2009; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. No. 12939, § 4(Exh. A), 6-16-2009; Ord. 12501 § 78, 2003: Ord. 12406 § 4 (part), 2002; Ord. 12376 § 3 (part), 2001; Ord. 12272 § 4 (part), 2000; Ord. 12199 § 8 (part), 2000; Ord. 12138 § 4 (part), 1999; Ord. 11892 § 12, 1996: prior planning code § 7511)

Except as otherwise provided in Article III and elsewhere in this Title, and subject to the calculation rules set forth in Section 17.116.050, the following amounts of off-street parking are required for the specified Civic Activities when located in the indicated zones and occupying facilities of the specified sizes or having the indicated numbers of employees or doctors, and shall be developed and maintained pursuant to the provisions of Article V of this Chapter:

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13276, § 5(Exh. A), 12-9-2014; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. No. 13172, § 3(Exh. A), 7-2-2013; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12971, § 2(Exh. A), 9-22-2009; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. No. 12939, § 4(Exh. A), 6-16-2009; Ord. 12138 § 4 (part), 1999; Ord. 11892 § 13, 1996: prior planning code § 7512)

A.

Minimum Parking for Commercial Activities. Except as otherwise provided in Article III and elsewhere in this Title, the following table contains the amounts of off-street parking that are required in the indicated location for all Commercial Activities.

B.

Maximum Parking for Commercial Activities. Except as otherwise provided elsewhere in this Title, no more than the following amounts of off-street parking are permitted for Commercial Activities when located in the indicated zones (If the property is a BART-owned parcel subject to Assembly Bill (AB) 2923 (2018), the maximum number of parking spaces shall be 0 spaces per 1,000 square feet for Administrative Commercial and Administrative Civic Activities):

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13596, § 2(Exh. A), 6-2-2020; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13276, § 5(Exh. A), 12-9-2014; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. No. 13241, § 5(Exh. D), 7-1-2014; Ord. No. 13090, § 4(Exh. A), 10-4-2011; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12999, § 4(Exh. A), 3-16-2010; Ord. No. 12971, § 2(Exh. A), 9-22-2009; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. No. 12939, § 4(Exh. A), 6-16-2009; Ord. 12289 § 4 (part), 2000; Ord. 11892 § 14, 1996: prior planning code § 7513)

Editor's note— Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), adopted October 4, 2016, repealed the former Section 17.116.082 in its entirety, which pertained to off-street parking in the D-BV zones—commercial activities, and derived from Ord. No. 13241, § 5(Exh. D), adopted July 1, 2014, and Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), adopted February 16, 2016.

Except as otherwise provided in this Title, the following amounts of off-street parking are required for all Industrial Activities when located in the indicated zones and occupying facilities of the specified sizes or having the indicated number of employees, and shall be developed and maintained pursuant to the provisions of Article V of this Chapter:

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12971, § 2(Exh. A), 9-22-2009; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. 12899 § 4, Exh. A (part), 2008; Ord. 12289 § 4 (part), 2000; Ord. 11892 § 15, 1996: prior planning code § 7514)

Except as otherwise provided in this Title, and subject to the calculation rules set forth in Section 17.116.050, the following amounts of off-street parking are required for all Agricultural and Extractive Activities when located in the indicated zones and occupying facilities of the specified sizes, and shall be developed and maintained pursuant to the provisions of Article V of this Chapter:

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13276, § 5(Exh. A), 12-9-2014; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12971, § 2(Exh. A), 9-22-2009; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; prior planning code § 7515)

The following regulations shall apply to new Multifamily Residential Facilities of five (5) or more dwelling units in the D-DT and D-LM Zones.

A.

Car-Share Parking Spaces.

1.

Car-share parking spaces shall be provided in the amount specified in the Table below.

2.

Required car-share space(s) shall be made available through one of the following two means:

a.

A private car-share, operated by the property owner or homeowners association, provided within the development. In this case, each private car-share space shall be assigned to a vehicle owned and maintained by the property owner or homeowners association for the use of residents within the development; or

b.

At no cost, providing a parking space to a public car-share organization for purposes of providing car-share services for its car-share service subscribers. The car-share spaces may be provided on the building site or on another site within six hundred (600) feet of the building site. All car-share vehicles shall be accessible to both non-resident and resident subscribers.

3.

A private car share (option 2(b), above) shall be provided if a public car share operator cannot make use of a public car share space.

4.

A notice describing the requirement for car-sharing spaces shall be permanently posted in a common area of the building such as a lobby or mailroom that is clearly visible to residents.

5.

All car-share parking spaces shall be counted toward the minimum and maximum required parking spaces.

B.

Transit Passes. The property owner or homeowners association shall make permanently available a monthly transit benefit to each dwelling unit in an amount equal to either one-half the price of an Adult 31-Day AC Transit Pass or an AC Transit EasyPass. This benefit shall be placed on a Regional Transit Connection Clipper Card. A notice describing this transit benefit shall be permanently posted in a common area of the building such as a lobby or mailroom that is clearly visible to residents.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13596, § 2(Exh. A), 6-2-2020; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016)

The provisions of this Section apply to all facilities and zones in all or specified zones.

A.

Reduction for Senior Citizen Housing. The number of parking spaces prescribed in Section 17.116.060 shall be reduced by seventy-five percent (75%) for each dwelling unit that is regularly occupied by at least one individual who is at least fifty-five (55) years of age or older or is physically handicapped regardless of age.

B.

Affordable Housing. Affordable housing units restricted for extremely low, very low, low, and moderate income households, (as defined in California Government Code Section 50052.5 and in Oakland Planning Code Section 17.107.020) shall have no minimum parking requirement.

C.

Parking Reduction through Demand Management Measures. The following are the percentages that parking requirements are reduced for Two- to Four-Family and Multifamily Dwelling Residential Facilities located outside of the S-9 Fire Safety Protection Combining Zone through implementation of the listed parking demand management measures. The parking reduction percentages for the demand management measures described below can be added together to create a greater parking reduction. A notice describing the demand management measure(s) required shall be permanently posted in a common area of the building such as a lobby or mailroom that is clearly visible to residents.

1.

On-site public or private car share spaces.

a.

The provision of on-site car-share spaces at the level and standards described in the table below reduces the parking requirement by twenty-five percent (25%).

Notes:

1.

Required car-share space(s) shall be made available through one of the following two (2) methods:

a.

A private car-share, operated by the property owner or homeowner's association, provided within the development. In this case, each private car-share space shall be assigned to a vehicle owned and maintained by the property owner or homeowner's association for the use of residents within the development; or

b.

At no cost, providing a parking space to a public car-share organization for purposes of providing car-share services for its car-share service subscribers. The car-share spaces may be provided on the building site or on another site within six hundred (600) feet of the building site. All car-share vehicles shall be accessible to both non-resident and resident subscribers.

2.

A notice describing the requirement for car-sharing spaces shall be permanently posted in a common area of the building such as a lobby or mailroom that is clearly visible to residents.

3.

All car-share parking spaces shall be counted toward the minimum and maximum required parking spaces.

2.

Off-site public or private car share spaces. The provision of off-site car-share spaces at the minimum level and standards described in Subsections 17.116.105(A) reduces the parking requirement by twenty-five percent (25%).

3.

Transit passes. The provision of transit passes at the level and standards described in Subsection 17.116.105(B) reduces the parking requirement by fifty percent (50%).

D.

Reduction of Total Requirements with Shared Parking Area. For a joint off-street parking area that serves more than one activity (either on the same or different lots) and meets the conditions set forth in Section 17.116.180, the total parking requirement for the sharing activities shall be reduced by fifty percent (50%) upon the submittal of evidence sufficient to determine that the typical utilization of the parking area would be staggered to such an extent that the reduced number of spaces would be adequate to serve all such activities.

E.

Discretionary Waiver or Reduction in Districts Providing Common Parking Areas. The off-street parking requirements specified above for Nonresidential Activities in any zone, or for Residential Activities in Commercial Zones, may be waived or reduced by the Director of City Planning when said activities are located within a municipal parking district or assessment district the function of which is to provide off-street parking, upon a finding that, in consideration of existing or prospective municipal parking facilities, such waiver or reduction would not substantially contribute to traffic congestion or impair the efficiency of on-street parking. Any determination on such waiver or reduction shall be subject to appeal pursuant to the administrative appeal procedure in Chapter 17.132.

F.

Conversion of Historic Buildings. No additional parking spaces are required for any change of use of a facility that is listed in the City of Oakland's Local Register of Historical Resources (see Policy 3.8 of Historic Preservation Element of the Oakland General Plan). If the number of existing parking spaces on the lot equals or is less than required, then these parking spaces must be preserved with the conversion. If there are more parking spaces on the lot than required, then the number of spaces can be reduced to the minimum required.

G.

Additions to Historic Buildings. No additional parking spaces are required for an addition that increases the floor area by one hundred percent (100%) or less of a facility that is listed in the City of Oakland's Local Register of Historical Resources (see Policy 3.8 of Historic Preservation Element of the Oakland General Plan).

H.

Parking Reduction for Parking on Narrow Lots in Certain Commercial Zones.

1.

In the D-BV, CN, and CC Zones, lots with a mean width of fifty (50) feet or less are not required to provide parking on-site unless alternative driveway access is available from an alternative location, such as a side street, a shared access driveway on an adjoining parcel, or an alley.

I.

Parking Reduction through the payment of in lieu fees in the D-BV Zones. Both of the following provisions shall apply in the D-BV Zones only:

1.

The parking requirements for the D-BV Zones may be reduced or waived upon the granting of a Conditional Use Permit (see Chapter 17.134 for the CUP procedure) and payment of an in-lieu fee to the City of Oakland. The parking in-lieu fee shall be as set forth in the Master Fee Schedule. Parking in-lieu fees shall be deposited with the City of Oakland prior to issuance of a building permit. A parking in-lieu fee may be refunded, without interest, to the person who made such payment, or his assignee or designee, if additional off-street parking spaces are provided for such building or use by others than the City so as to satisfy the parking requirement for which the in-lieu payment was made. To obtain a refund, the required off-street parking spaces must be in place prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy and before funds are spent or committed by the City.

2.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the Planning Code, Variances may not be granted relating to: (a) a reduction and/or elimination of any required parking; or (b) a reduction and/or elimination of any parking spaces serving any activity, or if already less than currently required parking, shall not be reduced further below the requirements prescribed for such activity in this Chapter, as the granting of a Conditional Use Permit (see Chapter 17.134 for the CUP procedure) and payment of the in-lieu fee shall be the means of reducing or eliminating such parking, except as provisions in state and local law requiring regulatory concessions and waivers for certain types of affordable and senior housing projects may apply.

J.

Accessory Dwelling Units. No additional parking shall be required for an Accessory Dwelling Unit if located as specified in Section 17.103.080.

(Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13677, § 4(Exh. A), 1-18-2022Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13435, § 4(Exh. A), 5-2-2017; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13276, § 5(Exh. A), 12-9-2014; Ord. No. 13241, § 5(Exh. D), 7-1-2014; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12971, § 2(Exh. A), 9-22-2009; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. 12772 § 1 (part), 2006; prior planning code § 7519)

Editor's note— Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), adopted October 4, 2016, changed the title of Section 17.116.110 from "Special exemptions to parking requirements" to "Special parking exemptions and reductions." The historical notation has been preserved for reference purposes.

Except as otherwise provided in Sections 17.116.020 and 17.116.030, the following amounts of off-street loading are required in all zones for Residential Activities when occupying facilities of the indicated sizes, and shall be developed and maintained pursuant to the provisions of Article V of this Chapter: (See illustration I-18.)

*Off-street loading is not required in D-DT Zone when combined with the S-7 Zone.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; prior planning code § 7521)

Except as otherwise provided in Sections 17.116.020 and 17.116.030, the following amounts of off-street loading are required in all zones for the specified Civic Activities when occupying facilities of the indicated sizes, and shall be developed and maintained pursuant to the provisions of Article V of this Chapter: (See illustration I-18.)

*Off-street loading is not required in a D-DT Zone when combined with the S-7 Zone.

(Ord. No 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; prior planning code § 7522)

Except as otherwise provided in Sections 17.116.020 and 17.116.030, the following amounts of off-street loading are required in all zones for the specified Commercial Activities when occupying facilities of the indicated sizes, and shall be developed and maintained pursuant to the provisions of Article V of this Chapter:

*Off-street loading is not required in a D-DT Zone when combined with the S-7 Zone.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12999, § 4(Exh. A), 3-16-2010; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. No. 12939, § 4(Exh. A), 6-16-2009; prior planning code § 7523)

Except as otherwise provided in Sections 17.116.020 and 17.116.030, the following amounts of off-street loading are required in all zones for all Industrial Activities when occupying facilities of the indicated sizes, and shall be developed and maintained pursuant to the provisions of Article V of this Chapter:

*Off-street loading is not required in a D-DT zone when combined with the S-7 Zone.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. No. 12939, § 4(Exh. A), 6-16-2009; Ord. 12899 § 4, Exh. A (part), 2008; prior planning code § 7524)

Off-street loading is not required in any zone for Agricultural or Extractive Activities.

(Prior planning code § 7525)

A.

Parking Spaces and Loading. Off-street parking spaces and loading berths shall be located as set forth below for the specified activities except as otherwise provided in Section 17.116.290.B. When a maximum distance from the lot containing the activity served to another lot is prescribed, it shall be measured along a permanently accessible pedestrian route between a lot line of the former lot and the nearest boundary of the offsite parking or loading area. Required parking provided on a lot other than the Facility or Activity it serves shall not count toward any of the required parking serving the Facility or Activity on the off-site lot.

B.

Maneuvering Aisles and Driveways. Required maneuvering aisles and driveways shall be located as specified in Subsection A. of this Section for required spaces or berths serving the same activity, except as follows:

1.

A required driveway may, subject to the provisions of Section 17.116.180, straddle the lot line of abutting lots in separate ownership if it leads to parking spaces or loading berths on both lots.

2.

A required maneuvering aisle or portion thereof may, subject to the provisions of Section 17.116.180, straddle the lot line of abutting lots in separate ownership if there are on both sides of such aisle, or portion thereof, parking spaces or loading berths which are directly opposite each other.

C.

Upon the granting of a conditional use permit pursuant to the conditional use permit procedure, and subject to the provisions of Section 17.102.090 and Section 17.116.180, any required driveway or maneuvering aisle may be located entirely on another lot or lots in separate ownership.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13276, § 5(Exh. A), 12-9-2014; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12971, § 2(Exh. A), 9-22-2009; Ord. No. 12955, § 2(Exh. A), 7-21-2009; Ord. 12899 § 4, Exh. A (part), 2008; Ord. 12406 § 4 (part), 2002; Ord. 12376 § 3 (part), 2001; Ord. 11892 § 16, 1996; prior planning code § 7535)

The following regulations shall apply to parking serving principal activities which are not themselves permitted, wherever such parking is listed in the applicable individual zone regulations as permitted or conditionally permitted. Approval of a permit for such accessory parking is subject to the conditions set forth in this Section:

A.

General Conditions. In all zones, such parking facilities shall be used for accessory parking only, with no sales, dead storage, repair work, dismantling, or servicing of any kind.

B.

Conditions in Residential Zones. In all Residential Zones:

1.

Such parking shall not in any case be located farther than one hundred fifty (150) feet, excluding the width of any intervening street, from the nearest boundary of any Nonresidential Zone, as measured perpendicularly from said boundary at any point; and

2.

Such parking shall not be so located as to extend along any one side of any street farther into any Residential Zone than any residentially zoned lot which is in separate ownership and which has frontage on the same side of the same street as said parking, other than a lot developed only for parking; and

3.

Such parking facilities shall be open only; and

4.

All Signs serving such parking shall be subject to the limitations set forth in Subsection 17.104.010.G.3.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13172, § 3(Exh. A), 7-2-2013)

Whenever, pursuant to Section 17.116.170, any off-street parking or loading facilities are located, in whole or in part, on a lot other than the lot containing the activity served, the owner or owners of both lots shall prepare and execute to the satisfaction of the City Attorney, and file with the Alameda County Recorder, an agreement guaranteeing that such facilities will be maintained and reserved for the activity served, for the duration of said activity.

(Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Prior planning code § 7536)

Facilities that are intended to meet the off-street parking and loading requirements of the zoning regulations shall be made permanently available to, and maintained so as to permit utilization by, the residents, shoppers, employees, or other participants in, or the loading operations of, the activity or activities served, except as otherwise specifically permitted in this Title. No area may be utilized and counted both as a required parking space and a required loading berth. However, maneuvering aisles and driveways may serve both required parking spaces and loading berths if they meet the requirements specified hereafter for both parking and loading facilities.

(Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. 11892 § 17, 1996: prior planning code § 7538)

The provisions of this Section shall apply to all activities in all zones except Residential Activities occupying One-Family, Two- to Four-Family, or Multifamily Residential Facilities located within the S-12 Residential Parking Combining Zone, where the provisions of Section 17.94.060 shall apply. All parking spaces shall have the minimum dimensions set forth below and shall be provided, where necessary, with driveways and maneuvering aisles as set forth in Section 17.116.210.

A.

Compact and intermediate parking spaces shall count toward the off-street parking requirements if located on a lot containing a total of two (2) or more required spaces in the following cases:

1.

On such a lot, up to fifty percent (50%) of the required parking spaces may be compact spaces, provided that at least fifty percent (50%) of the required spaces are regular and/or handicapped spaces; or

2.

Alternatively, up to seventy-five percent (75%) of the required spaces may be intermediate spaces, provided that if any required spaces are compact spaces, an equal or greater number of the required spaces shall be regular and/or handicapped spaces.

B.

Regular Parking Spaces. A regular parking space shall be not less than eighteen (18) feet long and eight and one-half feet (8½) wide for all parking patterns except parallel parking. For parallel parking, a regular parking space shall be not less than twenty-two (22) feet long and eight (8) feet wide.

C.

Intermediate Parking Spaces. An intermediate parking space shall be not less than sixteen and one-half (16½) feet long and eight (8) feet wide for all parking patterns except parallel parking. For parallel parking, an intermediate parking space shall be not less than twenty and one-half (20½) feet long and seven and one-half (7½) feet wide.

D.

Compact Parking Spaces. A compact parking space shall be not less than fifteen (15) feet long and seven and one-half (7½) feet wide for all parking patterns except parallel parking. For parallel parking, a compact parking space shall be not less than nineteen (19) feet long and seven (7) feet wide.

E.

Posts and Other Obstructions. For required parking spaces that are at an angle of between sixty (60) degrees and ninety (90) degrees, the required parking space widths specified above shall be increased by one foot for each long side of a parking space that abuts a wall or other similar obstruction. However, this additional width is not required for posts and other similar structural members, provided that:

1.

Such required parking space is a regular space or, if the City Traffic Engineer determines that sufficient maneuvering area is present for an intermediate or compact space; and

2.

Such post or other similar structural member is located at least three (3) feet but not more than five (5) feet from the maneuvering aisle or located not more than four (4) feet from the end of the parking space opposite the maneuvering aisle; and

3.

Such post or other similar structural member does not impede pedestrian access to vehicle parking in the space; and

4.

Such posts and other similar structural members shall be located on one side only of a required parking space.

(Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13518, § 4(Exh. A), 2-5-2019; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12376 § 3 (part), 2001: prior planning code § 7539)

Where necessary, maneuvering aisles and driveways shall be provided of such design and arrangement as to provide adequate ingress to and egress from all required parking spaces. (See also Sections 17.94.070, 17.94.080, 17.116.240, 17.116.250, and 17.116.260.) Except within the S-12 Residential Parking Combining Zone, where the provisions of Section 17.94.080 shall apply, and for shared access facilities, where the provisions of Section 17.102.090 shall apply, an onsite driveway serving any required off-street parking area shall have a minimum width of nine (9) feet. Driveways serving Residential Facilities with one (1) or two (2) dwelling units on one lot shall be not more than nineteen (19) feet in width for the front twenty (20) feet of the lot, with a curb cut no more than nineteen (19) feet in width, and shall be limited to one driveway and one driveway curb cut per lot frontage. Driveways serving one lot or serving any of several adjacent lots under the same ownership shall be separated edge-to-edge by at least twenty-five (25) feet; where curbs exist, the separation shall be by at least twenty-five (25) feet of full vertical curb. Driveways serving adjacent lots under different ownership shall be separated edge-to-edge by at least ten (10) feet; where curbs exist, the separation shall be by at least ten (10) feet of full vertical curb.

A.

Maneuvering Aisle Width. Except for activities occupying Residential Facilities located within the S-12 Residential Parking Combining Zone, where the provisions of Section 17.94.070 shall apply, maneuvering aisles necessary for access into and out of required parking spaces shall have the following minimum widths, whether serving regular, intermediate, or compact parking spaces:

1.

Where parking is parallel: eleven (11) feet;

2.

Where parking is at an angle of forty-five (45) degrees or less: twelve (12) feet;

3.

Where parking is at an angle of sixty (60) degrees or less but more than forty-five (45) degrees: fifteen (15) feet;

4.

Where parking is at an angle of seventy-five (75) degrees or less but more than sixty (60) degrees: eighteen (18) feet;

5.

Where parking is at an angle of ninety (90) degrees or less but more than seventy-five (75) degrees:

a.

Twenty-one (21) feet for Residential Facilities; and

b.

Twenty-three (23) feet for Nonresidential Facilities.

(Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12776 § 3, Exh. A (part), 2006: Ord. 12376 § 3 (part), 2001: prior planning code § 7540)

All loading berths shall have the minimum dimensions set forth below when serving the indicated activities; provided that where one or both of the long sides of a berth which is at an angle of ninety (90) degrees or less, but more than sixty (60) degrees, to a maneuvering aisle abuts a wall or other similar obstruction, each of the widths specified below shall be increased by three (3) feet. However, the minimum height or length of a berth for Civic, Commercial, and Industrial Activities may be reduced upon determination based on sufficient evidence that such smaller dimensions are ample for the size and type of trucks or goods which foreseeably will be involved in the loading operations of the activity served.

A.

For Residential Activities: twenty-three (23) feet long, ten (10) feet wide, and twelve (12) feet high;

B.

For all Industrial Activities and for General Wholesale Sales, Building Material Sales, Automobile and Other Light Vehicle Sales and Rental, and Automobile and Other Light Vehicle Gas Station and Servicing: forty-five (45) feet long, twelve (12) feet wide, and fourteen (14) feet high;

C.

For Undertaking Service Commercial Activities: twenty-five (25) feet long, ten (10) feet wide, and eight (8) feet high;

D.

For all other activities for which loading facilities are required: thirty-three (33) feet long, twelve (12) feet wide, and fourteen (14) feet high.

(Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 12999, § 4(Exh. A), 3-16-2010; Ord. No. 12939, § 4(Exh. A), 6-16-2009; Ord. 12899 § 4, Exh. A (part), 2008; prior planning code § 7541)

Where necessary, maneuvering aisles and driveways shall be provided of such design and arrangement as to allow efficient utilization of all required loading berths by motor vehicles of the types typically employed by the activities served. (See also Sections 17.116.240, 17.116.250, and 17.116.260.)

(Prior planning code § 7542)

No loading berths shall be tandem. One parking space on any lot containing three (3) or fewer required off-street parking spaces may be tandem. On any lot containing four (4) or more required off-street parking spaces, fifty percent (50%) of the parking spaces may be tandem, except that:

A.

In any zone, tandem parking shall be permitted for Accessory Dwelling Units in addition to any other allowance for tandem parking, unless the City finds that tandem parking is not feasible due to specific topographical conditions.

B.

On any lot in the S-9 and S-11 Zones containing four (4) or more required off-street parking spaces, tandem parking may only be permitted for fifty percent (50%) of the parking spaces provided for a One-Family Dwelling Residential Facility.

C.

In the S-12 Zone, tandem parking may be permitted for One-Family Dwelling, Two- to Four-Family Dwelling, and Multi-family Dwelling Residential Facilities under the provisions of Section 17.94.060.

D.

In any zone, tandem parking may be permitted for Nonresidential Activities upon the granting of a Conditional Use Permit pursuant to the Conditional Use Permit procedure in Chapter 17.134 and upon determination that such proposal conforms to either or both of the following use permit criteria:

1.

That a full-time parking attendant supervises the parking arrangements at all times when the activities served are in active operation;

2.

That there are a total of ten (10) or fewer parking spaces on a lot, or within a separate parking area or areas on a lot, which spaces are provided solely for employees.

E.

Tandem parking spaces may be provided for Residential Care Residential Activities pursuant to the provisions of Section 17.116.060B.

(Ord. No. 13800, § 3(Exh. C), 6-18-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13677, § 4(Exh. A), 1-18-2022; Ord. No. 13435, § 4(Exh. A), 5-2-2017; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12776 § 3, Exh. A (part), 2006: Ord. 12501 § 79, 2003: Ord. 12199 § 8 (part), 2000; Ord. 12138 § 4 (part), 1999; prior planning code § 7543)

All required off-street parking facilities which are located on any lot containing three (3) or more required parking spaces or containing required spaces for two (2) or more Residential living units, and all required off-street loading facilities on any lot, shall be so designed and located that a vehicle need not back up from any such required parking space or loading berth for a distance greater than one hundred (100) feet in order to reach a street. The one hundred (100) feet shall be measured from the back of the furthest required parking space to the back of the sidewalk or, if there is no sidewalk, to the edge of pavement or face of curb, whichever is applicable.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. 12376 § 3 (part), 2001: prior planning code § 7544)

A.

Slopes. The maximum slope of any required maneuvering aisle, parking space, or loading berth shall be ten percent (10%). The maximum slope of any required driveway shall be twenty-five percent (25%). For all driveways, extending from streets without curbs, gutters or sidewalks, the first five (5) feet of the driveway shall be level with the edge of the pavement. For driveways less than fifteen (15) feet in length, the maximum slope for other than the first five (5) feet shall be ten percent (10%). For driveways fifteen (15) feet of more in length but less than twenty-five (25) feet, the maximum slope for the first ten (10) feet of driveway beyond the level portion shall be ten percent (10%) and the maximum slope of the remainder shall be fifteen percent (15%). For driveways twenty-five (25) feet or more in length, the maximum slope for the first ten (10) feet of driveway beyond the level portion shall be ten percent (10%), the maximum slope for the final ten (10) feet shall be fifteen percent (15%), and the maximum slope for the portion between shall be twenty-five percent (25%). For downslope driveways leading to garages, the final two (2) feet shall be level or upslope not exceeding five percent (5%).

B.

Surfacing. All required parking and loading facilities shall have a durable, dustless, all-weather surface; shall have satisfactory disposal of surface waters by grading and drainage; and shall be permanently maintained in good condition. All driveways with a slope of twenty percent (20%) or more shall have a serrated concrete surface or other surface providing a similar level of traction.

C.

Design for Runoff. All required off-street parking facilities located on any lot containing three (3) or more required spaces, and all required off-street loading facilities on any lot, shall be so designed that surface water will not drain over any sidewalk.

D.

For all other activities for which loading facilities are required: thirty-three (33) feet long, twelve (12) feet wide, and fourteen (14) feet high.

(Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12406 § 4 (part), 2002; Ord. 12376 § 3 (part), 2001: prior planning code § 7546)

A.

In all Residential Zones and in the S-1, S-3, and OS Zones. In all Residential Zones and in the S-1, S-3 and OS Zones, all open off-street parking areas on any lot containing three (3) or more spaces, and all open off-street loading areas on any lot, shall be screened from abutting lots, except where a maneuvering aisle is shared with the abutting lot in the manner described in Section 17.116.170(B)(2), by dense landscaping not less than five and one-half (5½) feet high and not less than three (3) feet wide or by a solid lumber or masonry fence or wall not less than five and one-half (5½) feet high, subject to the standards for required landscaping and screening in Chapter 17.124 and the exceptions stated in said Chapter. All such areas shall be screened from all abutting streets, alleys, and paths, and private streets and other ways described in Section 17.106.020, by dense landscaping not less than three and one-half (3½) feet high and not less than three (3) feet wide or by a solid or grille, lumber or masonry fence or wall not less than three and one-half (3½) feet high, subject to the standards for required landscaping and screening and the exceptions stated therein. No unroofed parking space or loading berth on such lots shall be located within five (5) feet from any street line or alley, except as allowed by Section 17.116.170

B.

Commercial or Industrial Zone. (See illustration I-17.) Off-street parking and loading facilities shall be screened, and restricted in their location on a lot, when and as prescribed in Sections 17.110.030 and 17.110.040 of the buffering regulations or in the applicable individual zone regulations or development control maps.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12376 § 3 (part), 2001; Ord. 12078 § 5 (part), 1998; prior planning code § 7547)

In all Residential Zones and in the S-1, S-3, and OS Zones, artificial illumination of all off-street parking areas located on any lot containing three (3) or more parking spaces and all off-street loading areas on any lot, and of driveways related thereto, shall be nonflashing and shall be directed away from all abutting lots and from any on-site residential living units so as to eliminate objectionable glare. In Commercial and Industrial Zones, artificial illumination of off-street parking and loading facilities shall be controlled when and as specified in Section 17.110.030 of the buffering regulations.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. 12078 § 5 (part), 1998; prior planning code § 7548)

A.

Whenever off-street parking or loading facilities are located where the applicable individual zone regulations or development control maps require a Conditional Use Permit for parking or loading or prescribe other special controls thereon, such regulations shall be complied with in addition to the standards prescribed above for parking and loading.

B.

In the S-15 and D-CO-1 Zones:

1.

Location of Parking. All off-street parking may be provided anywhere on the lot, or on a separate lot which is not in common ownership with the subject lot, provided that a long-term lease agreement or comparable binding agreement is provided, pursuant to Section 17.116.180.

2.

Ground Floor Parking and Loading. Off-street parking, loading, and driveway located within twenty (20) feet from all pedestrian walkways and plazas may only be permitted upon the granting of a Conditional Use Permit pursuant to the Conditional Use Permit procedures in Chapter 17.134 and Section 17.100.100.

3.

Provisions for Shared Parking. Off-street parking may be shared amongst daytime activities between the hours of business operation and between the hours of nighttime activities. The number of parking spaces for daytime use may be transferable to parking for nighttime use, provided a long-term lease agreement or comparable binding agreement is provided for any such parking located on a lot other than the lot containing the activity served, pursuant to Section 17.116.180.

4.

Exceptions to Parking Requirement. The number of parking spaces provided may only exceed the number normally required upon the granting of a Conditional Use Permit pursuant to Section 17.100.100 and the Conditional Use Permit procedure in Chapter 17.134.

C.

Shared Parking on BART Owned Property Subject to Assembly Bill (AB) 2923 (2018);

1.

Shared parking, vehicle parking spaces that are shared by more than one user or activity, shall be permitted.

(Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. No. 13172, § 3(Exh. A), 7-2-2013; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 11892 § 18, 1996: prior planning code § 7549)

The provisions of this Section apply to lots containing One-Family Dwelling or Two-Family Dwelling Residential Facilities. Exceptions to the provisions of this Section may be approved pursuant to the Design Review procedure in Chapter 17.136.

A.

Required Parking Location.

1)

This subsection applies to lots where both:

i.

At least sixty percent (60%) of the buildings in the immediate context have required parking located to the rear or side at a depth of at least twenty-five (25) feet from the front lot line; and

ii.

The difference in elevation of existing grade between the midpoint of the front lot line and the farthest opposite point of the lot depth is not twenty percent (20%) or greater.

2)

For the lots described in Subsection 17.116.300.A.1., the entirety of required garages, carports or any uncovered required parking spaces shall be located at one of the following locations:

1.

To the rear or side of any primary Residential Facility; or

2.

In the case of uncovered parking, closer to an interior side lot line than the principal facility.

The immediate context shall consist of the five (5) closest lots on each side of the project site plus the ten (10) closest lots on the opposite side of the street; however, the Director of City Planning may make an alternative determination of immediate context based on specific site conditions. Such determination shall be in writing and included as part of any approval of any required garage, carport, or uncovered parking space. Lots with a front lot line width of less than thirty-five (35) feet are exempt from this Subsection if the garage, carport or uncovered parking space dimensions facing the front lot line equal less than fifty (50) percent of the building elevation facing the front lot line.

B.

Garage or Carport Recessed from Front of Residence in Certain Cases. When an attached or detached garage or carport is not subject to Subsection A. of this Section and is located on lots with a street-to-setback gradient of twenty percent (20%) or less and where the face of the primary Residential Facility, including projections at least eight (8) feet in height and five (5) feet in width, such as covered porches and bay windows, is within twenty-five (25) feet of the front lot line, at least one of the following requirements shall apply:

1.

The front of the garage or carport shall be set back a minimum of five (5) feet from such face; or

2.

If the garage or carport is located below living space, either:

a.

The front of the garage or carport shall be set back at least eighteen (18) inches from the upper level living space; or

b.

The garage door shall be recessed at least six (6) inches from the surrounding exterior wall surfaces.

C.

Maximum Widths of Garages and Carports. Garages and carports shall have a maximum width of twenty-two (22) feet if the front of the garage or carport is located within thirty (30) feet of a street line and shall have a maximum width of thirty (30) feet if located elsewhere. In addition, all attached garages and carports shall have a maximum width not to exceed fifty percent (50%) of the total width of the primary Residential Facility if the front of the garage or carport is located within thirty (30) feet of a street line.

D.

Parking Restricted to Garages, Carports, Uncovered Required Parking Spaces or Driveways. Parking on a lot containing primary Residential Facilities may take place only in garages, carports, uncovered required parking spaces, or approved driveways.

(Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016; Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12899 § 4, Exh. A (part), 2008; Ord. 12376 (part), 2001; Ord. No. 13677, § 4(Exh. A), 1-18-2022)

Editor's note— Ord. No. 13677, § 4(Exh. A), adopted Jan. 18, 2022, amended the title of § 17.116.300 to read as herein set out. The former § 17.116.300 title pertained to parking accommodation requirements for One- and Two-Family Residential Facilities.

With the exception of affordable housing as defined by Section 17.107.020, the following rules shall apply to new Multifamily Dwelling Residential Facilities of five (5) or more units:

A.

Off-street parking spaces shall be rented or sold separately from the rental or purchase of dwelling units for the life of the dwelling units, such that potential renters or buyers shall have the option of renting or buying a dwelling unit at a price lower than would be the case if there were a single price for both the dwelling unit and the parking space(s).

B.

Off-street parking spaces shall only be offered to residents of the dwelling units served by the off-street parking. In the RU-4, RU-5, D-DT and any Commercial Zone, any spaces (required or not required) not purchased or rented by residents may be rented to non-residents. Such spaces must be vacated on thirty (30) days' notice if requested by residents to be made available to them.

C.

A notice describing the unbundling requirement shall be permanently posted in a common area of the building such as a lobby or mailroom that is clearly visible to residents.

(Ord. No. 13812, § 4(Exh. A), 7-30-2024; Ord. No. 13763, § 5, 10-3-2023; Ord. No. 13393, § 2(Exh. A), 10-4-2016)