The provisions of this Chapter shall be known as the Telecommunications Regulations. The purpose and intent of these regulations are to provide a uniform and comprehensive set of standards for the development, location, siting and installation of wireless facilities. These regulations are intended to balance the needs of wireless communications providers, the regulatory functions of the City of Oakland, the mandates of State and Federal law and the potential impacts on the community and neighboring property owners in the design and siting of wireless facilities. The regulations are designed to promote and protect the public health, safety and welfare and the visual quality of the City of Oakland while encouraging the appropriate development of telecommunications activities throughout the city. These regulations shall apply to telecommunications projects.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8500)

The following activities shall be exempt from these regulations:

A.

Ham radio operators;

B.

Microwave dishes;

C.

Minor modifications of existing wireless communications facilities and attached wireless communications facilities, whether emergency or routine, provided there is little or no change in the visual appearance. Minor modifications are those modifications to conforming wireless and attached wireless communications facilities that meet the performance standards set forth in this document;

D.

Antennas and equipment cabinets or rooms completely located inside of structures and whose purpose is to enhance communications within the structures.

(Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8501)

A.

Any Telecommunications Facility shall not be permitted in, or within one hundred (100) feet of the boundary of, any Residential Zone, HBX Zone, or D-CE-3 or D-CE-4 Zone, except upon the granting of a major conditional use permit pursuant to the conditional use permit procedure in Chapter 17.134.

B.

Any Monopole Telecommunications Facilities shall not be permitted in, or within three hundred (300) feet of the boundary of, any Residential Zone, HBX Zone, or D-CE-3 or D-CE-4 Zone, except upon the granting of a major conditional use permit pursuant to the conditional use permit procedure in Chapter 17.134.

C.

Any Telecommunications Facility whose antennas and equipment are not fully concealed from view shall not be permitted within three hundred (300) feet of the boundary of Residential Zones RH-1 through RU-1 inclusive, any HBX Zone, or D-CE-3 or D-CE-4 Zone, except upon the granting of a major conditional use permit pursuant to the conditional use permit procedure in Chapter 17.134.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13168, § 5(Exh. A-2), 6-18-2013; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 13060, § 2(Exh. A), 3-1-2011)

The project sponsor of a proposed telecommunications facility shall be required to provide proof of the establishment of a sinking fund to cover the cost of removing the facility if it is abandoned within a prescribed period. As used in these provisions, the word "abandoned" shall mean a facility that has not been operational for a consecutive six-month period, except where nonoperation is the result of maintenance or renovation activity pursuant to valid city permits. The sinking fund shall be established to cover a two-year period, at a financial institution approved by the city's Office of Budget and Finance. The sinking fund payment shall be determined by the Office of Budget and Finance and shall be adequate to defray expenses associated with the removal of the telecommunications facility.

(Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8502)

In addition to the terms defined in Chapter 17.09, the following specific definitions shall apply in reviewing applications under the telecommunications regulations:

"Antenna" means any system of poles, panels, rods, or similar devices used for the transmission or reception of radio frequency signals.

1.

"Omni-directional antenna" transmits and/or receives radio frequency signals in a three hundred sixty (360) degree radial pattern. For the purpose of this document, an omni-directional antenna is up to fifteen (15) feet in height and up to four inches in diameter.

2.

"Directional antenna" (also known as a "panel" antenna) transmits and/or receives radio frequency signals in a directional pattern of less than three hundred sixty (360) degrees.

3.

"Parabolic antenna" (also known as a dish antenna) means a bowl-shaped device for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency communications signals in a specific directional pattern.

"Attached wireless communication facility" means a wireless communication facility that is affixed to an existing structure which is not considered a component of the attached wireless communications facility.

"Collocation" exists when more than one wireless communications provider mounts equipment on a single support structure.

"Concealed from view" or "concealed from view" means that no part of the antenna, the means by which the antenna is attached to a building or structure or the cabinets or structure containing the radio or other related equipment used to operate the site may be visible from the adjacent public right-of-way within three hundred (300) feet of the antenna.

"Equipment cabinet" means a cabinet or other enclosure not housed in a separate building and used to house equipment used by telecommunications providers at a facility.

"Equipment shelter" means a building used to house equipment used by telecommunications providers at a facility.

"Ground Post Facility" means an antenna facility consisting of multiple posts mounted on the ground upon which sit antennas. If the height is up to seventeen (17) feet, it is treated as a Macro Facility and if over seventeen (17) feet, it is treated as a Monopole.

"Related equipment" means all equipment ancillary to the transmissions and reception of voice and data via radio frequencies. Such equipment may include, but is not limited to, cable, conduit and connectors.

"Wireless communication facility" means an unstaffed facility for the transmission and reception of low-power radio signals.

(Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8503)

A.

General Development Standards for Micro Telecommunications Facilities.

1.

The Micro Facilities shall be located on existing buildings, poles or other existing support structures.

2.

Antennas may not project more than one (1) foot above the top of the structure and there may be no more than six (6) antennas per site. Antennas are exempt from the height limitation of the zone in which they are located. Structures which are nonconforming with respect to height, may be used for omni directional antennas providing they do not exceed four (4) feet above the existing structure. Placement of an antenna on a nonconforming structure shall not be considered to be an expansion of the nonconforming structure.

3.

The equipment cabinet must be concealed from public view or placed underground. The cabinet must be regularly maintained.

4.

The applicant shall submit written documentation demonstrating that the emissions from the proposed project are within the limits set by the Federal Communications Commission.

B.

Design Review Criteria for Micro Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the design review criteria listed in Chapter 17.136, the following specific additional criteria must be met when design review is required before an application can be granted:

1.

Antennas should be painted and/or textured to match the existing structure.

2.

Antennas mounted on architecturally significant structures or significant architectural details of the building should be covered by appropriate casings which are manufactured to match existing architectural features found on the building.

3.

Where feasible, antennas can be placed directly above, below or incorporated with vertical design elements of a building to help in camouflaging.

4.

That all reasonable means of reducing public access to the antennas and equipment has been made, including, but not limited to, placement in or on buildings or structures, fencing, anti-climbing measures and anti-tampering devices.

C.

Conditional Use Permit Criteria for Micro Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the conditional use criteria listed in Chapter 17.134, the following specific additional criteria must be met before a conditional use permit can be granted:

1.

The project must be demonstrated to have no visual impact.

2.

The project must meet the special design review criteria listed in Subsection B. of this Section.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. 12872 § 4 (part), 2008; Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8505)

A.

General Development Standards for Mini Telecommunications Facilities.

1.

The Mini Facilities shall be located on existing buildings, poles or other existing support structures.

2.

The equipment cabinet(s) must be concealed from public view or placed underground. The cabinet must be regularly maintained.

3.

Mini Facilities may exceed the height limitation specified for all zones but may not exceed fifteen (15) feet above the roof line or parapet. Placement of an antenna on a nonconforming structure shall not be considered to be an expansion of the nonconforming structure.

4.

The applicant shall submit written documentation demonstrating that the emissions from the proposed project are within the limits set by the Federal Communications Commission.

B.

Design Review Criteria for Mini Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the design review criteria listed in Chapter 17.136, the following specific additional criteria must be met when design review is required before an application can be granted:

1.

Antennas should be painted and/or textured to match the existing structure.

2.

Antennas mounted on architecturally significant structures or significant architectural details of the building should be covered by appropriate casings which are manufactured to match existing architectural features found on the building.

3.

Where feasible, antennas can be placed directly above, below or incorporated with vertical design elements of a building to help in camouflaging.

4.

Equipment cabinets shall be concealed from view or placed underground.

5.

That all reasonable means of reducing public access to the antennas and equipment has been made, including, but not limited to, placement in or on buildings or structures, fencing, anti-climbing measures and anti-tampering devices.

6.

For antennas attached to the roof, maintain a 1:1 ratio (example: ten (10) feet high antenna requires ten (10) feet setback from facade) for equipment setback unless an alternative placement would reduce visual impact; treat or screen the antennas to match existing air conditioning units, stairs, elevator towers, or other background; avoid placing roof mounted antennas in direct line with significant view corridors.

C.

Conditional Use Permit Criteria for Mini Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the conditional use criteria listed in Chapter 17.134, the following specific additional criteria must be met before a conditional use permit can be granted:

1.

The project must meet the special design review criteria listed in Subsection B. of this Section.

2.

The proposed project must not disrupt the overall community character.

3.

In the Residential RH, RD, RM, RU-1, or RU-2 Zones, HBX Zones, and in the D-CE-3 and D-CE-4 Zones, the project must not have any visual impact.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13168, § 5(Exh. A-2), 6-18-2013; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 13060, § 2(Exh. A), 3-1-2011; Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 12272 § 4 (part), 2000; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8506)

A.

General Development Standards for Macro Telecommunications Facilities.

1.

The Macro Facilities shall be located on existing buildings, poles or other existing support structures, or shall be post mounted.

2.

The equipment shelter or cabinet must be concealed from public view or made compatible with the architecture of the surrounding structures or placed underground. The shelter or cabinet must be regularly maintained.

3.

Macro Facilities may exceed the height limitation specified for all zones but may not exceed fifteen (15) feet above the roof line or parapet. Placement of an antenna on a nonconforming structure shall not be considered to be an expansion of the nonconforming structure.

4.

Ground post mounted Macro Facilities must not exceed seventeen (17) feet to the top of the antenna.

5.

The applicant shall submit written documentation demonstrating that the emissions from the proposed project are within the limits set by the Federal Communications Commission.

B.

Design Review Criteria for Macro Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the design review criteria listed in Chapter 17.136, the following specific additional criteria must be met when design review is required before an application can be granted:

1.

Antennas should be painted and/or textured to match the existing structure.

2.

Antennas mounted on architecturally significant structures or significant architectural detail of the building should be covered by appropriate casings which are manufactured to match existing architectural features found on the building.

3.

Where feasible, antennas can be placed directly above, below or incorporated with vertical design elements of a building to help in camouflaging.

4.

Equipment shelters or cabinets shall be screened from the public view by using landscaping, or materials and colors consistent with surrounding backdrop or placed underground or inside existing facilities or behind screening fences.

5.

Equipment shelters or cabinets shall be consistent with the general character of the area.

6.

For antennas attached to the roof, maintain a 1:1 ratio (example: ten (10) feet high antenna requires ten (10) feet setback from facade) for equipment setback; screen the antennas to match existing air conditioning units, stairs, or elevator towers; avoid placing roof mounted antennas in direct line with significant view corridors.

7.

That all reasonable means of reducing public access to the antennas and equipment has been made, including, but not limited to, placement in or on buildings or structures, fencing, anti-climbing measures and anti-tampering devices.

C.

Conditional Use Permit Criteria for Macro Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the conditional use criteria listed in Chapter 17.134, the following specific additional criteria must be met before a conditional use permit can be granted:

1.

The project must meet the special design review criteria listed in Subsection B. of this Section.

2.

The proposed project must not disrupt the overall community character.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8507)

A.

General Development Standards for Monopole Telecommunications Facilities.

1.

Applicant and owner shall allow other future wireless communications companies including public and quasi-public agencies using similar technology to collocate antenna equipment and facilities on the monopole unless specific technical or other constraints, subject to independent verification, at the applicant's expense, at the discretion of the City of Oakland Zoning Manager, prohibit said collocation. Applicant and other wireless carriers shall provide a mechanism for the construction and maintenance of shared facilities and infrastructure and shall provide for equitable sharing of cost in accordance with industry standards. Construction of future facilities shall not interrupt or interfere with the continuous operation of applicant's facilities.

2.

The equipment shelter or cabinet must be concealed from public view or made compatible with the architecture of the surrounding structures or placed underground. The shelter or cabinet must be regularly maintained.

3.

When a monopole is in a Residential Zone or adjacent to a residential use, it must be set back from the nearest residential lot line a distance at least equal to its total height.

4.

In all zones other than the D-CE-5, D-CE-6, IG, CIX-2, and IO Zones, the maximum height of Monopole Telecommunications Facilities and connecting appurtenances may be increased from the otherwise required maximum height to forty-five (45) feet upon the granting of a Conditional Use Permit (see Chapter 17.134 for the Conditional Use Permit Procedure).

5.

In the D-CE-5, D-CE-6, CIX-2, and IO Zones, the maximum height of Monopole Telecommunications Facilities and connecting appurtenances may be increased from the otherwise required maximum height to eighty (80) feet upon the granting of a Conditional Use Permit (see Chapter 17.134 for the Conditional Use Permit Procedure).

6.

In the IG Zone, the maximum height of Monopole Telecommunications Facilities and connecting appurtenances may reach a height of forty-five (45) feet. These facilities may reach a height of eighty (80) feet upon the granting of Regular Design Review approval (see Chapter 17.136 for the Design Review Procedure).

7.

The applicant shall submit written documentation demonstrating that the emissions from the proposed project are within the limits set by the Federal Communications Commission.

8.

Antennas may not extend more than fifteen (15) feet above their supporting structure.

B.

Design Review Criteria for Monopole Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the design review criteria listed in Chapter 17.136, the following specific additional criteria must be met when design review is required before an application can be granted:

1.

Collocation is to be encouraged when it will decrease visual impact and collocation is to be discouraged when it will increase negative visual impact.

2.

Monopoles should not be sited to create visual clutter or negatively affect specific views.

3.

Monopoles shall be screened from the public view wherever possible.

4.

The equipment shelter or cabinet must be concealed from public view or made compatible with the architecture of the surrounding structures or placed underground. The shelter or cabinet must be regularly maintained.

5.

Site location and development shall preserve the preexisting character of the surrounding buildings and land uses and the zone district as much as possible. Wireless communication towers shall be integrated through location and design to blend in with the existing characteristics of the site to the extent practical. Existing on-site vegetation shall be preserved or improved, and disturbance of the existing topography shall be minimized, unless such disturbance would result in less visual impact of the site to the surrounding area.

6.

That all reasonable means of reducing public access to the antennas and equipment has been made, including, but not limited to, placement in or on buildings or structures, fencing, anti-climbing measures and anti-tampering devices.

C.

Conditional Use Permit Criteria for Monopole Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the conditional use criteria listed in Chapter 17.134, the following specific additional criteria must be met before a conditional use permit can be granted:

1.

The project must meet the special design review criteria listed in Subsection B. of this Section.

2.

Monopoles should not be located any closer than one thousand five hundred (1,500) feet from existing monopoles unless technologically required or visually preferable.

3.

The proposed project must not disrupt the overall community character.

4.

If a major conditional use permit is required, the Planning Director or the Planning Commission may request independent expert review regarding site location, collocation and facility configuration. Any party may request that the Planning Commission consider making such request for independent expert review.

a.

If there is any objection to the appointment of an independent expert engineer, the applicant must notify the Planning Director within ten (10) days of the Commission request. The Commission will hear arguments regarding the need for the independent expert and the applicant's objection to having one appointed. The Commission will rule as to whether an independent expert should be appointed.

b.

Should the Commission appoint an independent expert, the Commission will direct the Planning Director to pick an expert from a panel of licensed engineers, a list of which will be compiled, updated and maintained by the Planning Department.

c.

No expert on the panel will be allowed to review any materials or investigate any application without first signing an agreement under penalty of perjury that the expert will keep confidential any and all information learned during the investigation of the application. No personnel currently employed by a telecommunication company are eligible for inclusion on the list.

d.

An applicant may elect to keep confidential any proprietary information during the expert's investigation. However, if an applicant does so elect to keep confidential various items of proprietary information, that applicant may not introduce the confidential proprietary information for the first time before the Commission in support of the application.

e.

The Commission shall require that the independent expert prepare the report in a timely fashion so that it will be available to the public prior to any public hearing on the application.

f.

Should the Commission appoint an independent expert, the expert's fees will be paid by the applicant through the application fee, imposed by the City.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13251, § 5(Exh. A), 7-29-2014; Ord. No. 13168, § 5(Exh. A-2), 6-18-2013; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12872 § 4 (part), 2008; Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 12272 § 4 (part), 2000; Ord. 12237 § 4 (part), 2000; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8508)

A.

General Development Standards for Tower Telecommunications Facilities.

1.

Applicant and owner shall allow other future wireless communications companies including public and quasi-public agencies using similar technology to collocate antenna equipment and facilities on the monopole unless specific technical or other constraints, subject to independent verification, at the applicant's expense, at the discretion of the City of Oakland Zoning Manager, prohibit said collocation. Applicant and other wireless carriers shall provide a mechanism for the construction and maintenance of shared facilities and infrastructure and shall provide for equitable sharing of cost in accordance with industry standards. Construction of future facilities shall not interrupt or interfere with the continuous operation of applicant's facilities.

2.

The equipment shelter or cabinet must be concealed from public view or made compatible with the architecture of the surrounding structures or placed underground. The shelter or cabinet must be regularly maintained.

3.

When a tower is adjacent to a residential use, it must be set back from the nearest residential lot line a distance at least equal to its total height.

4.

Antennas may not extend more than fifteen (15) feet above their supporting structure.

5.

The applicant shall submit written documentation demonstrating that the emissions from the proposed project are within the limits set by the FCC.

B.

Design Review Criteria for Tower Telecommunications Facilities. In addition to the design review criteria listed in, the following specific additional criteria must be met when design review is required before an application can be granted:

1.

Collocation is to be encouraged when it will decrease visual impact and collocation is to be discouraged when it will increase negative visual impact.

2.

Towers should not be sited to create visual clutter or negatively affect specific views.

3.

Towers shall be screened from the public view wherever possible.

4.

The equipment shelter or cabinet must be concealed from public view or made compatible with the architecture of the surrounding structures or placed underground. The shelter or cabinet must be regularly maintained.

5.

Site location and development shall preserve the preexisting character of the surrounding buildings and land uses and the zone district as much as possible. Wireless communication towers shall be integrated through location and design to blend in with the existing characteristics of the site to the extent practical. Existing on-site vegetation shall be preserved or improved, and disturbance of the existing topography shall be minimized, unless such disturbance would result in less visual impact of the site to the surrounding area.

6.

That all reasonable means of reducing public access to the antennas and equipment has been made, including, but not limited to, placement in or on buildings or structures, fencing, anti-climbing measures and anti-tampering devices.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8509)

Telecommunications Facilities proposed in parks and other similar open spaces land shall be subject to the same regulations as set forth in the nearest Residential Zone.

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. 11904 § 5.01 (part), 1996: prior planning code § 8510)

New wireless facilities shall generally be located on the following properties or facilities in order of preference:

A.

Co-located on an existing structure or facility with existing wireless antennas.

B.

City-owned properties or other public or quasi-public facilities.

C.

Existing commercial or industrial structures in Nonresidential Zones (excluding all HBX Zones and the D-CE-3 and D-CE-4 Zones).

D.

Existing commercial or industrial structures in Residential Zones, HBX Zones, or the D-CE-3 or D-CE-4 Zones.

E.

Other Nonresidential uses in Residential Zones, HBX Zones, or the D-CE-3 or D-CE-4 Zones.

F.

Residential uses in Nonresidential Zones (excluding all HBX Zones and the D-CE-3 and D-CE-4 Zones).

G.

Residential uses in Residential Zones, HBX Zones, or the D-CE-3 or D-CE-4 Zones.

Facilities locating on an A, B or C ranked preference do not require a site alternatives analysis. Facilities proposing to locate on a D through G ranked preference, inclusive, must submit a site alternatives analysis as part of the required application materials. A site alternatives analysis shall, at a minimum, consist of:

a.

The identification of all A, B and C ranked preference sites within one thousand (1,000) feet of the proposed location. If more than three (3) sites in each preference order exist, the three such closest to the proposed location shall be required.

b.

Written evidence indicating why each such identified alternative cannot be used. Such evidence shall be in sufficient detail that independent verification, at the applicant's expense, could be obtained if required by the City of Oakland Zoning Manager. Evidence should indicate if the reason an alternative was rejected was technical (e.g. incorrect height, interference from existing RF sources, inability to cover required area) or for other concerns (e.g. refusal to lease, inability to provide utilities).

(Ord. No. 13357, § 3(Exh. A), 2-16-2016; Ord. No. 13302, § 5(Exh. C), 4-21-2015; Ord. No. 13168, § 5(Exh. A-2), 6-18-2013; Ord. No. 13064, § 2(Exh. A), 3-15-2011; Ord. No. 13060, § 2(Exh. A), 3-1-2011; Ord. 12768, § 3 (part), 2006)

New wireless facilities shall generally be designed in the following order of preference:

A.

Building or structure mounted antennas completely concealed from view.

B.

Building or structure mounted antennas set back from roof edge, not visible from public right-of way.

C.

Building or structure mounted antennas below roof line (facade mount, pole mount) visible from public right-of-way, painted to match existing structure.

D.

Building or structure mounted antennas above roof line visible from public right-of-way.

E.

Monopoles.

F.

Towers.

Facilities designed to meet an A or B ranked preference do not require a site design alternatives analysis. Facilities designed to meet a C through F ranked preference, inclusive, must submit a site design alternatives analysis as part of the required application materials. A site design alternatives analysis shall, at a minimum, consist of:

a.

Written evidence indicating why each such higher preference design alternative cannot be used. Such evidence shall be in sufficient detail that independent verification could be obtained if required by the City of Oakland Zoning Manager. Evidence should indicate if the reason an alternative was rejected was technical (e.g. incorrect height, interference from existing RF sources, inability to cover required area) or for other concerns (e.g. inability to provide utilities, construction or structural impediments).

(Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006)

The applicant for all wireless facilities, including requests for modifications to existing facilities, shall submit the following verifications:

a.

With the initial application, a RF emissions report, prepared by a licensed professional engineer or other expert, indicating that the proposed site will operate within the current acceptable thresholds as established by the Federal government or any such agency who may be subsequently authorized to establish such standards.

b.

Prior to commencement of construction, a RF emissions report indicating the baseline RF emissions condition at the proposed site.

c.

Prior to final building permit sign off, an RF emissions report indicating that the site is actually operating within the acceptable thresholds as established by the Federal government or any such agency who may be subsequently authorized to establish such standards.

(Ord. 12768 § 3 (part), 2006)