The purposes of this chapter are:

A.

To encourage outdoor lighting practices that will minimize light pollution, glare, light trespass and sky glow in order to preserve the natural dark of the night sky and to prevent lighting nuisances on properties.

B.

To promote energy conservation.

C.

To maintain nighttime safety, utility and security.

D.

To maintain an uncluttered nighttime appearance in the Town.

E.

To prevent unnecessary or inappropriate outdoor lighting.

F.

To minimize nighttime impacts on nocturnal wildlife.

G.

To maintain the rural atmosphere and village character of the Town.

H.

To encourage the low-level outdoor lighting through the use of low wattage bulbs, fully shielded light fixtures, and limits on the location and uses of outdoor lighting.

(Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

All exterior outdoor lighting installed after the effective date of this chapter in all zones in the Town shall conform to the requirements established by this chapter. This chapter does not apply to indoor lighting. However, light trespass from interior lighting is regulated by other sections of this Code.

B.

All existing outdoor lighting that does not meet the requirements of this chapter and is not exempted by this chapter shall be considered a nonconforming use and as such shall be scheduled for amortization as outlined in section 10-15C-12 of this chapter.

C.

If any section of this chapter conflicts with another section of this Code, the more restrictive shall apply.

(Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

Required: Unless specifically exempted by this chapter, all outdoor lighting shall include fully shielded fixtures and shall be installed so light is directed downward with no light emitted above a horizontal plane extending out from the bottom of any light fixture. Lighting must not be placed at a location, angle, or height that directs illumination outside the property boundaries where the light fixtures are located.

B.

Characteristics: In order to qualify as a "fully shielded" fixture, a light fixture must meet all of the criteria below:

1.

The top and sides must be made of completely opaque material, such that light only escapes through the bottom of the fixture. Fixtures with translucent or transparent sides, or sides with perforations or slits, do not qualify as fully shielded. The light source must be entirely contained inside the opaque sides of the fixture housing.

2.

If mounted on or attached to a building or structure other than a parking lot light pole or a sign, the bottom of the light source (including all lenses, diffusers, reflectors, or similar elements) must be at least two inches higher than the bottom of the fixture housing.

3.

Surrounding structures such as eave overhangs, canopies, or patio covers are not to be considered in determining if a fixture is a fully shielded fixture. The fixture must be a fully shielded fixture in and of itself.

4.

If mounted on or attached to a building or structure other than a parking lot light pole, the light source of a fixture must not be visible from any point not on the property where the fixture is located.

C.

Exemptions to fully shielded fixture requirements:

1.

A fixture that has a total light output less than 1,000 lumens is exempt from the fully shielded requirement provided:

a.

The fixture has a top that is completely opaque such that no light is directed upwards.

b.

The fixture has sides that completely cover the light source and are made of opaque or semiopaque material. Fixtures with opaque sides may have incidental decorative perforations that emit small amounts of light. Semiopaque material such as dark tinted glass or translucent plastic may be used if the light source is not discernable behind the material. Completely transparent materials, such as clear glass, are not allowed.

c.

The light source must not be visible from any point outside the property on which the fixture is located.

2.

The total lumen output of lights that do not meet the fully shielded requirement on a property may not exceed 5,000 lumens per acre.

(Ord. No. 2021-08, 10-13-2021; Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

Minimum necessary: Outdoor lighting shall be the minimum necessary to provide for safety and functionality. The lowest lumens light source necessary for a lighting application should be used. Outdoor lighting that does not serve a functional purpose, including landscape lighting, is prohibited. Such lighting can be a significant source of sky glow.

B.

Allowable applications: Outdoor lighting is allowed only in the following applications:

1.

To illuminate the entrances to buildings (including garage entrances).

2.

To illuminate pathways and walkways.

3.

To illuminate parking areas and parking area access lanes.

4.

To illuminate outdoor gathering areas such as patios, pool and hot tub areas, outdoor dining areas, and recreation areas.

5.

For security purposes, provided all the following conditions are met:

a.

The lighting is activated by motion sensors and does not stay on for more than five minutes at a time.

b.

The lighting is placed and directed such that no direct illumination falls outside the property boundaries where the security lighting is placed.

6.

To illuminate signage.

7.

For architectural lighting, provided all of the following conditions are met:

a.

All architectural lighting is mounted on and directed onto the front of a commercial building facing the street.

b.

The architectural lighting is sufficiently shielded such that the light source is not visible beyond the property boundaries.

c.

The architectural lighting is directed such that all light falls on the front of the building, and not on the adjacent ground or into the night sky.

d.

The architectural lighting uses low lumen light sources.

e.

The architectural lighting is not used to illuminate landscape, statues, or other similar features.

8.

To illuminate outdoor water features, provided all of the following conditions are met:

a.

The lighting is angled at or below the horizontal plane.

b.

The lighting is placed underneath or behind the water such that the water diffuses the light from all points where the light is visible.

c.

Each light source has a total light output of 1,000 lumens or less.

C.

Light color temperature: All lighting must be of a warm color temperature. All light sources in all outdoor lighting must have color temperature equal to or less than 3,000 degrees Kelvin (3,000°K).

(Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

Gas station canopies: Gas station canopies may be illuminated provided all light fixtures are mounted on the undersurface of the canopy and all light fixtures are fully shielded. Except for directed beam lighting, merely placing the fixtures on the underside of the canopy does not qualify as fully shielding the light fixture. Directed beam lighting mounted under the canopy is allowed, provided the light source cannot be seen from outside the property boundaries.

B.

Public outdoor lighting (street lighting and lighting on other public property and rights-of-way):

1.

Streetlights are prohibited unless recommended by the Town Engineer or required by UDOT to ensure the safety of the public. All streetlights shall utilize lamp types that are energy efficient and minimize sky glow and other unintended impacts of artificial lighting. For lights along SR-9, the lowest illumination design that meets the minimum illumination requirements set by UDOT shall be used. Lights along SR-9 shall use decorative light fixtures similar in appearance to the shuttle stop lighting.

2.

Public outdoor lighting other than streetlights must meet all the requirements of this chapter. Such lighting is only permitted when it will enhance safety and security for users of the public property being illuminated.

3.

Adaptive controls that adjust illumination levels based on time of day must be included in all public outdoor lighting. The scheduling and illumination level for the adaptive controls will be determined by the Town Engineer based on the nature of the public lighting with the goal of minimizing the amount of light to the greatest extent possible.

C.

Parking lots:

1.

Spot or flood lighting of parking lots from a building or other structure is prohibited.

2.

The overall height of any light post used to illuminate parking lots in commercial zones shall not exceed 14 feet. All post mounted parking lot lights shall be set back from property lines a distance equal to two and one-half times the height of the pole.

3.

The overall height of any light post used to illuminate parking lots in residential zones shall not exceed six feet.

4.

All parking lot lighting shall use fully shielded fixtures.

D.

Recreational lighting:

1.

The Planning Commission shall review all requests for new recreational lighting fixtures for fields or courts. The Planning Commission shall approve such requests only if it finds each of the following:

a.

The recreational lighting has provisions for minimizing glare, spill light, and uplight by the use of louvers, hoods, or shielding.

b.

The recreational lighting does not exceed illumination levels for class IV sports lighting set by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.

c.

The recreational lighting will only illuminate the field or court area with no direct illumination falling outside of those areas.

d.

The light source for the recreational light will not be visible from adjacent properties.

2.

Pole mounted recreational lighting shall be limited to 18 feet in height. Pole mounted recreational lighting must be set back a minimum of 60 feet from adjacent properties.

3.

The lighting for nonfield and noncourt areas shall conform to all provisions of this chapter.

4.

Illumination levels for recreational area lighting must be adjustable based on the task (e.g. active play vs. field or court maintenance).

5.

Recreational lighting must be turned off no later than 10:00 p.m., or one hour after the end of play, whichever is later. Recreational lighting installations must include timers or auto-shut off controls that prevent lights from being left on when the recreational area is not in use.

E.

Amphitheater lighting: Outdoor amphitheaters may use illumination to light the performance area of the amphitheater and for the safety of the public. The following standards apply to all amphitheater lighting:

1.

Lighting used to illuminate the performance area must be either directed spotlighting or fully shielded lighting. If directed spotlighting, the light source must be located and designed such that it is not visible beyond the property boundaries.

2.

Lighting used to illuminate the performance area may only be turned on during performances or rehearsals.

3.

Lighting used to illuminate the seating areas, pathways, and other areas of the amphitheater must meet all standards of this chapter.

F.

Signs: Signs may be unlighted, lighted externally, lighted internally, or backlit. All sign lighting must be designed, directed, and shielded in such a manner that the light source is not visible beyond the property boundaries where the sign is located. Lighting for signs must be directed such that only the sign face is illuminated. All lighted signs must have stationary and constant lighting.

1.

Standards for externally illuminated signs:

a.

Lighting for externally illuminated signs must be aimed and shielded so that light is directed only onto the sign face and does not trespass onto adjacent streets, roads or properties or into the night sky.

b.

Lighting for externally illuminated signs must be mounted at the top of the sign (or within two feet of the top of a building mounted sign).

2.

Standards for internally illuminated signs:

a.

Only sign copy areas may be illuminated on an internally illuminated sign.

b.

Internally illuminated signs shall use semiopaque materials for sign copy such that the light emanating from the sign is diffused. Transparent, clear, or pure white materials are not allowed for sign copy. Noncopy portions of the sign (e.g., background and graphics) shall be made of completely opaque material that is consistent with subsection 10-24-3A. of this title.

3.

Standards for backlit signs:

a.

Backlit signs shall be designed such that the light source is not visible.

b.

Backlit signs shall be designed such that harsh, direct illumination does not emanate out of the sign. Rather, the backlighting shall only allow indirect illumination to emanate from the sign. For example, signs that create a "halo" effect around sign text are allowed.

c.

Backlit signs shall use low lumen light sources.

4.

Light color temperature standard: All light sources used to illuminate signage must have color temperature equal to or less than 3,000 degrees Kelvin (3,000°K).

5.

Luminance level standard: No sign shall have an illuminance level greater than 100 nits (100 candelas per square meter).

6.

Sign illumination curfew: Sign illumination shall be turned off one hour after sunset, or the close of the business, whichever is later. Sign illumination shall remain off until one hour prior to sunrise.

G.

Vending machines, gas station pumps, ATM machines, etc.: Machines and kiosks that provide self-service dispensing of goods or money, such as vending machines, gas station pumps, and ATM machines, may be illuminated subject to the standards below:

1.

The machine is placed entirely underneath a solid covering (such as a patio cover) such that light coming from the machine does not escape into the night sky.

2.

The machine is either:

a.

Completely screened from view from adjacent properties and streets by a solid and opaque screen such that no illumination from the machine is visible from adjacent properties or the street, or

b.

Illuminated in such a way that no more than 15 percent of the surface area of the machine, or one and a half square feet, whichever is less, is illuminated. This area includes any screen area of the machine that is illuminated.

3.

The light source used to illuminate the machine has color temperature of 3,000 degrees Kelvin or less.

4.

The light source used to illuminate the machine has a constant level of illumination. The light source may not blink on and off or undulate in lighting intensity.

5.

All parts of the machine, specifically including the illuminated portions of the machine, must meet the Town's color palette for signage. No illuminated portion of the machine may be white.

H.

Flagpoles: Property owners are encouraged to not illuminate flagpoles at night, but rather to hoist flags after dawn and lower flags before sunset. If flags are illuminated at night, lighting of up to a total of two (2) flags per property is permitted with the following conditions:

1.

Only the flag of the United States of America or the flag of the State of Utah may be illuminated.

2.

Flags on poles whose height is greater than 20 feet above ground level shall be illuminated only from above. This may be achieved by utilizing a luminaire attached to the top of the flagpole. The luminaire must comply with all sections of this Chapter. The total light output from any luminaire mounted on top of a flag pole shall not exceed 800 initial lumens.

3.

Flags on poles whose height is equal to or less than 20 feet above ground level may be illuminated from below. If ground-level illumination is used, flagpoles may be illuminated with up to two spot type luminaires, utilizing shields or diffusers to reduce glare. The maximum allowable combined lumen output from these luminaries is 75 lumens per linear foot of pole height, measured from the level of the luminaire above grade to the top of the flagpole. Luminaires are to be mounted so that their lenses are perpendicular to the flag pole and the light output points directly toward the flag(s).

(Ord. No. 2021-08, 10-13-2021; Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

In certain cases (such as, but not limited to, properties on or near ridgelines or hillsides), additional shielding may be required to mitigate glare or light trespass. The need for additional shielding will be considered as part of the review process described in section 10-15C-10 of this chapter.

The amount of outdoor lighting on any property in the Town, as determined by total lumens, is determined by the light zone in which the property is located. Light zones and lumen allowances are established and defined in the table below.

A.

All outdoor lighting (building mounted, pathway lighting, parking lot lighting, sign illumination, etc.) is included in the lumen allowance. The lighting plan described in section 10-15C-11 will be used to demonstrate compliance with the lumen allowance standard. Each light shown on the lighting plan must be included in the calculation of total lumens on the property.

B.

The lumen allowance described in this section applies to all new construction, as well as to all reconstruction, remodels, or additions to existing construction that impact 50 percent or more of an existing structure, or add 50 percent or more building size to an existing structure.

C.

The lumen allowance described in this section is calculated based only on the developed portion of a property. For example, a five acre property in the CC zone which only has two acres of developed area would have a lumen allowance of 110,000 lumens (55,000 lumens per acre times two acres of developed area). In determining what portion of a property is developed, the following criteria shall be employed:

1.

All areas where there are physical improvements (e.g. buildings, parking areas, walkways, driveways, patios, pools, courtyards, walls, accessory structures, etc.) are included as developed areas.

2.

All areas of landscaping required by Chapter 10-18 (either vegetative landscape or natural open space) are included as developed areas.

(Ord. No. 2021-08, 10-13-2021; Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

All monopole, antenna, tower or support facility lighting not required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) or the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) is prohibited.

B.

When lighting is required by the FAA or the FCC, such lighting shall not exceed the minimum requirements of those agencies. Collision markers should have a dual mode for day and night to minimize impact to the night sky and migrating birds.

C.

All other lighting used on the property not regulated by the FAA or FCC shall conform to this chapter.

The following are exempt from the requirements of this chapter:

A.

Holiday lighting from October 15 to January 15 as long as it does not create a hazard or nuisance from glare.

B.

Traffic control signals and devices.

C.

Temporary emergency lighting in use by law enforcement or government agencies or at their direction.

(Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

The following are prohibited:

A.

Uplighting to illuminate buildings and other structures, or vegetation, except as allowed by subsection 10-15C-4.B.7. of this chapter.

B.

Flashing, blinking, intermittent or other lights that move or give the impression of movement, not including holiday lighting between October 15 and January 15.

C.

Floodlights or spotlights affixed to buildings for the purpose of lighting parking lots or sales display lot areas.

D.

Searchlights, laser source lights, or any similar high intensity light.

E.

Except when used in window signage pursuant to subsection 10-24-9(B)(6)(b) of this title, neon or luminous tube lighting, either when outdoor mounted or indoor mounted if visible beyond the property boundaries.

(Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

Lighting plans required: All sign permit applications, PD applications, subdivision applications, building permit applications, and design development review applications shall include a lighting plan that shows evidence that the proposed lighting fixtures and light sources will comply with this Code and must include the following:

1.

Plans or drawings indicating the proposed location of lighting fixtures, height of lighting fixtures on the premises, and type of illumination devices, lamps, supports, shielding and reflectors used and installation and electrical details.

2.

Illustrations, such as contained in a manufacturer's catalog cuts, of all proposed lighting fixtures. The applicant must provide sufficient information regarding the light fixture, bulb wattage, and shielding mechanisms for the Planning Commission (or DCD, when applicable) to be able to determine compliance with the provisions of this chapter.

3.

A table showing the total amount of proposed exterior lights, by fixture type, lumens, color temperature, and lamp type.

4.

A calculation of the total lumen output from all outdoor fixtures on the property.

B.

Approval procedure:

1.

The lighting plan for all new development shall be submitted for approval concurrent with the associated application process.

2.

No certificate of occupancy will be issued unless the DCD determines that the lighting is consistent with the requirements of this chapter.

(Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

Amortization: The Town conducted an initial seven-year amortization of nonconforming outdoor lighting, which began after the outdoor lighting ordinance was adopted on August 12, 2009. That amortization period has expired and all outdoor lighting in the Town must comply with the 2009 ordinance. Any outdoor lighting that does not comply with the 2009 ordinance constitutes a violation of this chapter and is subject to enforcement and penalty. Since 2009 there have been several revisions to the ordinance. The Town desires all outdoor lighting in the Town to comply with these revisions. Therefore, a second amortization period will begin on December 14, 2022. The Town shall require the termination of use of any outdoor lighting that is not in compliance with the standards of this chapter as adopted on December 14, 2022, pursuant to the amortization schedule contained in this section.

B.

Schedule of amortization: All outdoor lighting legally existing and installed prior to December 14, 2022 and which is not exempted shall be considered nonconforming and shall be brought into compliance by the property owner as follows:

1.

Immediate abatement as a condition for approval upon application for a building permit, sign permit, conditional use permit, new (nonrenewal) business license, design development review or similar town permit or review when said site improvements, construction, reconstruction, expansion, alteration or modification of existing sites, structures, or uses individually or cumulatively equal or exceed 1,500 square feet. Projects less than 1,500 square feet will not be subject to immediate abatement. However, they will count towards a cumulative total of projects on the same property. When the cumulative total equals or exceeds 1,500 square feet abatement shall be immediate.

2.

All damaged or inoperative nonconforming lighting shall be replaced or repaired only with lighting equipment and fixtures compliant with this chapter.

3.

All outdoor lighting not previously scheduled for amortization or otherwise exempted shall be brought into conformance with this chapter within seven years from December 14, 2022.

C.

Audits: The town should perform two audits of all outdoor lighting in the town, one four years and the other six years after December 14, 2022. These audits should identify all lighting that does not conform to the standards of this chapter. The results of these audits will be made available to the public.

(Ord. No. 2021-08, 10-13-2021; Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)

A.

The following constitute violations of this chapter:

1.

The installation, maintenance, operation, of any lighting fixture not in compliance with the provisions of this chapter.

2.

The alteration of outdoor lighting fixtures after a certificate of occupancy has been issued when such alteration does not conform to the provisions of this chapter.

3.

Failure to shield, correct, or remove lighting that is installed, operated, maintained or altered in violation of this chapter.

4.

Any other failure to comply with any requirement of this chapter.

B.

Violations of this chapter are subject to enforcement as outlined in chapter 4 of this title.

For the purpose of this chapter, certain words, phrases and terms used herein shall have the meaning assigned to them by this section:

Accent or architectural lighting: Lighting of building surfaces, landscape features, statues, and similar items for the purpose of decoration or ornamentation; or lighting that does not contribute to the safety or security of residents, guests, employees, or customers on a property.

Direct illumination: Illumination resulting from light emitted directly from a lamp, luminary, or reflector. This does not include light reflected from other surfaces such as the ground or building faces.

Floodlight: A fixture or lamp designed to "flood" an area with light. A specific form of lamp or fixture designed to direct its output in a specific direction. Such lamps are often designated by the manufacturer and are commonly used in residential outdoor lighting.

Fully shielded fixture: An outdoor light fixture designed so that the installed fixture emits no light above the horizontal plane, as described in section 10-15C-3.

Internally illuminated: As it relates to signs, any sign which has a light source entirely enclosed within the sign and not directly visible to the eye.

Light pollution: Any adverse effect of manmade light. Often used to denote "sky glow" from cities or Towns, but also includes glare, light trespass, visual clutter and other adverse effects of lighting.

Light source: The part of a lighting fixture that produces light, e.g., the bulb.

Light trespass: Light falling where it is not wanted or needed. Spill light falling over property lines that illuminates adjacent grounds or buildings in an objectionable manner.

Lumen: A standard measurement of light emitted by a light fixture. For determining compliance with the regulations of this chapter, the lumen output of a fixture shall mean the manufacturer's published documentation of initial lumens for the fixture.

Manufacturer's catalog cuts: A publication or other printed material of a lamp or lighting manufacturer offering visual and technical information about a lighting fixture or lamp.

Outdoor light fixture: An outdoor electrically powered illuminating lamp or similar device used for lighting structures, parking lots, pathways, service canopies, recreational areas, signs or other similar outdoor lighting uses.

Recreational lighting: Lighting used to illuminate sports fields, ball courts, playgrounds, or similar outdoor recreational facilities.

Security lights: Lighting designed to illuminate a property or grounds for the purpose of visual security.

Spotlight: See definition of Floodlight. A fixture or lamp designed to light a small area very brightly.

Tower: Any monopole, antenna, or the like that exceeds 18 feet in height.

Unshielded fixture: A fixture that allows light to be emitted above the horizontal either directly from the lamp or indirectly from the fixture or reflector. Any fixture not fully shielded.

(Ord. No. 2022-15, 12-14-2022)