The purpose of this chapter is to ensure the provision and maintenance of off-street parking and loading facilities in proportion to the parking and loading demand of land uses. The requirements of this chapter are intended to ensure useful and attractive parking and loading facilities, to protect public safety, and to mitigate adverse land use impacts.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-1; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017)

The requirements of this chapter are applicable to all new development requiring parking and motor vehicle access under the provisions of this title.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-2; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017)

Certain words and phrases in this chapter are defined in HCC chapter 10-3.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-3; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017)

1. General considerations. Parking lot design should include a useful pedestrian circulation system, adequate turning radii, an efficient traffic movement pattern, a pleasant appearance, convenient parking locations, efficient drainage, and integration of parking with the character of the site and proposed development.
2. Covered spaces. The design of covered parking structures should be compatible with the overall design and character of the project where the structures are located.
3. Emergency vehicle access. Access for emergency vehicles should be integrated into the design of the project.
4. Loading and unloading areas. Pedestrian dropoff locations should be incorporated within overall circulation patterns and should be convenient and safe for pedestrians.
5. Parking location. Parking areas should be located as follows:
   1. In office use projects, 25 percent of the required parking spaces should be provided within 200 feet of the building served, and the balance within 400 feet.
   2. In commercial and industrial use projects, required parking spaces should be located within 150 feet of the building served.
   3. In multiple residential projects, required parking spaces should be arranged to provide at least one parking space per unit within 100 feet of the dwelling units they are intended to serve.
   4. In single-family residential projects, required off-street parking shall be provided within or on:
      1. An enclosed garage or covered carport that is attached to or detached from the dwelling.
      2. An uncovered parking space located within a side or rear yard of a dwelling that complies with the standards of this chapter.
      3. An approved driveway from a public or private right-of-way that leads directly to an approved garage, carport, or approved parking space.
6. Traffic lanes. Traffic lanes within a development project should provide a circulation pattern which is convenient and safe. Pedestrian traffic should be incorporated into the project design.
7. Parking lot lighting. Parking lot lighting should provide adequate illumination, be downward focused, and avoid direct illumination of adjacent property.
8. Traffic impact on street system. Developments which generate significant increases in traffic should include an analysis of the proposed development's impact on the current and future transportation system, and methods to control traffic, such as signage, turn lanes, and traffic signals.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-4; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017; Ord. No. 2023-14, exh. A(10-24-4), 7-12-2023)

1. Off-street parking required. Every use regulated by this title shall have parking as required by this chapter. When any building or structure is erected, enlarged, or increased in capacity, or any use is established or changed, parking shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
2. Continuing obligation to provide parking. Provision of parking as required by this chapter shall be a continuing obligation so long as a use continues which requires parking. Any owner, land use operator, or person responsible for providing parking shall not discontinue or dispense with required parking facilities without providing an alternate parking area which meets the requirements of this chapter and obtaining approval of an amendment to the applicable site plan.
3. Alteration where parking insufficient. A building, structure, or use which lacks sufficient parking as required by this chapter may not be altered or enlarged or the use changed unless additional parking for the alteration or enlargement is supplied that meets the requirements of this chapter.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-5; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017)

The following provisions shall be used to calculate the total number of parking spaces required by this chapter:

1. More than one use on lot. If a lot contains more than one use, parking spaces shall be provided in an amount equal to the total of the requirements for each use unless shared parking is permitted pursuant to this chapter.
2. Fixed seating. Parking requirements based on seating area, such as benches, pews or other forms of fixed seating, shall be calculated at the rate of one seat per 20 inches of seating area.
3. Square foot basis. Parking requirements based on square footage shall be calculated using gross floor area unless otherwise provided in this chapter or elsewhere in this title.
4. Employee basis. Parking requirements based on the number of employees shall be calculated using the largest number of persons working on any shift.
5. Use not listed. If a use and a corresponding parking standard is not listed in HCC 10-24-12, chart 10-24, the community development director shall determine the number of spaces required for such use based on the nearest comparable use or a parking study as required by HCC 10-24-11(E).
6. Parking in MU-2 zone. In the MU-2 zone, the total number of parking spaces required for a mixed use project may be reduced by five percent. A reduction of up to 50 percent may be granted based upon justification shown by a parking space study as provided in HCC 10-24-11(E).
   1. Mixed use development shall have a parking cap of 120 percent of the overall minimum parking requirement.
   2. Parking for nonresidential uses may be used to fulfill guest parking requirements for residential uses subject to the shared use parking requirements set forth in HCC 10-24-11(B). Such shared parking shall be conveniently distributed throughout the site, and a minimum of one space for every 500 square feet of gross leasable area of ground floor nonresidential floor area shall be maintained.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-6; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017)

1. On-site parking. Except as allowed in subsection (B) of this section, all required parking shall be located on the same lot as the use to which it is appurtenant and shall be located within 150 feet from the premises served.
2. Off-site parking. Where practical difficulties exist in providing on-site parking or if public safety or convenience, or both, would be better served by locating parking on a separate lot, the planning commission may authorize off-site parking subject to the following conditions:
   1. Required parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities shall not be located in an off-site parking lot.
   2. Off-site parking lots shall be located in the same or a more intensive zone which applies to the property where the use served is located.
   3. No off-site parking space shall be located more than 500 feet from a public entrance of the use served, measured along the route of the shortest legal, practical walking distance.
   4. Availability of the off-site parking lot shall be ensured by an agreement approved by the city which requires:
      1. The parking lot to be continuously available unless an alternative legal parking lot is provided;
      2. All spaces to be available without charge; and
      3. The community development director to be notified 30 days prior to the termination of the agreement.
   5. Before approving an off-site parking lot, the planning commission shall find that such parking is conveniently usable without causing unreasonable:
      1. Hazard to pedestrians;
      2. Hazard to vehicular traffic;
      3. Traffic congestion;
      4. Interference with safe and convenient access to other parking areas in the vicinity;
      5. Detriment to the appropriate use of business property in the vicinity; or
      6. Detriment to any residential neighborhood.
3. Temporary parking.
   1. Unimproved temporary parking areas approved pursuant to a temporary use permit under HCC chapter 10-30 shall be exempt from the landscaping and paving requirements of this chapter.
   2. The community development director may allow a temporary use approved pursuant to HCC 10-5-13 to occupy or use parking areas ordinarily required for a permanent use if the director finds the temporary use will not cause a shortage in parking needed for the permanent use.
4. Prohibited parking.
   1. Vacant lots, public rights-of-way, or open land areas shall not be used as parking areas for customers or employees.
   2. Overnight parking of vehicles for display other than in designated and improved areas shall be prohibited.
   3. Parking shall be prohibited in any required front yard area intended to be landscaped.
5. Commercial vehicle parking in residential zones. Heavy contracting and earthmoving equipment shall not be parked in a residential zone, except one commercial vehicle with a rated capacity of no more than two tons may be parked on a lot in a residential zone.
6. Recreational vehicle parking in residential zones. In residential zones, no boat or recreational vehicle shall be parked in a front yard for longer than seven consecutive days. Storage of a recreational vehicle shall be within a side or rear yard of a dwelling on an approved parking surface. No portion of a recreational vehicle, including a trailer, may encroach into a public or private right-of-way.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-7; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017; Ord. No. 2023-14, exh. A(10-24-7), 7-12-2023)

1. Parking required. All required parking shall be provided in accordance with this section for every land use regulated by this title except as otherwise expressly allowed by this title. The total number of parking spaces required by this section shall be determined by adding together the parking required by each of the subsections in this section. On-street parking shall not be included in any required parking calculation.
2. Standard parking spaces. Standard parking spaces shall be provided as set forth in HCC 10-24-12, Chart 10-24.
3. Handicapped parking spaces. Parking spaces for handicapped persons shall be provided as required by the applicable provision of the building code and the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards Manual.
4. Stacked parking spaces. Stacked or queue spaces shall be provided as follows:
   1. Bank drive-thru, including automatic teller machines: three per lane.
   2. Car wash:
      1. Self-serve car wash: three per bay.
      2. Automatic car wash: four per bay.
      3. Full-serve car wash: four per bay.
   3. Gasoline pump island: one per pump.
   4. Fast food restaurant drive-thru: five per lane.
5. Off-street loading spaces. Off-street loading spaces with a height clearance of 14 feet or more shall be provided for buildings used for retail, office, industrial, hospital, storage warehousing, and similar uses as follows:
   
   

   Gross Floor Area	Required Loading Spaces
   3,000 to 20,000 square feet	1
   Each additional 20,000 square feet	1

6. Tandem parking spaces. Tandem parking spaces shall not qualify as required parking except in the following instances:
   1. Multifamily dwellings with garages, when both spaces in a tandem parking area are for the same dwelling unit; or
   2. In conjunction with valet parking service.
7. Recreational vehicle parking. Adequate and accessible recreational vehicle parking storage areas shall be required in each multifamily and planned residential development project unless the premises are subject to restrictive covenants or other means limiting the parking of such vehicles.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-8; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017; Ord. No. 2024-14, exh. A(10-24-8), 6-12-2024)

1. Parking space dimensions. Unless otherwise modified as provided in this chapter, parking spaces shall meet the dimensional requirements and be located as set forth in this subsection.
   1. Standard parking space: nine feet by 18 feet.
   2. Carport: minimum inside dimension of nine feet by 20 feet for each parking space.
   3. Garage: minimum inside dimension of ten feet by 20 feet and minimum door width of eight feet for each parking space.
   4. Disabled parking space: standard size plus an unloading area four feet wide parallel to the length of the space. A loading area may be shared with an adjacent disabled parking space.
   5. Parallel parking space: nine feet by 20 feet.
   6. Loading space: ten feet by 25 feet.
   7. Stacked space: nine feet by 20 feet.
2. Driveway dimensions. Minimum driveway dimensions shall be as follows:
   1. For access to five or fewer spaces: 12 feet.
   2. For access to six or more spaces: 12 feet for one-way traffic; 25 feet for two-way traffic. Driveway width shall not exceed 35 feet.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-9; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017)

1. Parking plans. A plan for any proposed parking area shall be submitted to the community development director in conjunction with a proposed site plan application or other application for development. The parking plan shall clearly indicate the proposed development and associated parking, including parking location, size, shape, and design; curb cuts; lighting; landscaping; and other features of the proposed parking area. Parking spaces shall be striped as shown on an approved parking plan.
2. Access to public street. Except for parking for a single-family or two-family dwelling, access to a parking lot shall be from a parking lot aisle and not directly from a public street. Every parking lot shall have access to a public street. Such access may be provided through platted or recorded easements, reciprocal arrangements, or other guaranteed means as approved by the city.
3. Private driveway. Parking for single-family and two-family dwellings may be accessed from a public street via a private driveway.
4. Backing space. Each parking lot shall include required backing space within the lot so a vehicle will not exit by backing onto a public street. A public sidewalk shall not be used as a part of a required backing area for a parking lot. Separate one-way exits shall be provided for angled and one-way parallel parking in a parking lot.
5. Curb. All required parking for multiple residential, public and civic, commercial, and industrial uses shall be bordered by continuous concrete curbing to serve as wheel stops and drainage channels.
6. Curb cuts and driveways. Curb cuts and driveways allowing access to a public street shall conform to adopted city standards.
7. Internal circulation. Each parking lot shall provide for traffic circulation on the property adequate to access all parts thereof without the necessity of exiting onto a public street.
8. Landscaping. Parking lots shall be landscaped as provided in HCC chapter 10-23.
9. Lighting. Parking lots used at night shall be adequately lighted, utilizing hooded light sources.
   1. Parking lot lights shall be arranged to direct light away from adjoining residential property.
   2. Parking lot light poles shall be installed at a maximum height of 20 feet in residential zones and 25 feet in public facility, commercial, and industrial zones.
10. Paving. Unless expressly provided otherwise in this title, every parking space and lot required by this title shall be:
    1. Paved with asphalt, concrete, or some other all-weather surfacing material in accordance with city specifications;
    2. Maintained to eliminate dust or mud; and
    3. Graded and drained to dispose of all surface water. Such surface water drainage shall not cross a public sidewalk.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-10; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017; Ord. No. 2023-14, exh. A(10-24-10), 7-12-2023)

1. Modification permitted. The number of parking spaces required under HCC 10-24-12, chart 10-24, may be modified in accordance with the provisions in this section. The purpose of such modifications is to avoid creating unnecessary parking areas that will be essentially unused. In considering a modification, the community development director or planning commission may require a parking study to be completed as provided in subsection (E) of this section.
2. Shared use parking. Shared use of a parking lot may be permitted subject to the following conditions:
   1. The uses sharing the parking lot are unlikely to produce a substantial demand for parking at the same time. A shared parking study may be required to demonstrate that shared spaces will be used at different times and that a parking shortage is unlikely to occur.
   2. Required handicapped parking spaces shall not be reduced.
   3. Ongoing shared use of the parking lot is ensured by a recorded agreement or easement approved by the city which requires:
      1. The parking lot will be continuously available unless an alternative legal parking lot is provided;
      2. All spaces will be available without charge;
      3. The community development director will be notified 30 days prior to the expiration or termination of the agreement or easement; and
      4. Provision of additional parking, up to the amount otherwise required under this chapter, if the community development director determines, based on parking counts, that the shared parking lot does not satisfy the off-street parking demand of the uses involved.
3. Commercial, office, and mixed-use development. The number of parking spaces required or allowed for commercial, office, or mixed-use development may be modified based on the following factors and a finding that adequate parking will be provided:
   1. Total number of spaces that would otherwise be required for each individual land use in the development;
   2. Hours of operation for each business establishment located in the development, including peak business hours;
   3. Estimated trade-off between businesses which are open when others are closed;
   4. Availability of on-street or shared parking;
   5. Transportation alternatives, including proximity to transit stations; and
   6. Car or van pooling programs available to users of the development.
4. Multifamily and planned developments. The total number of parking spaces required for multifamily or planned developments may be modified based on the following factors and a finding that adequate parking will be provided:
   1. Size of housing units by number of bedrooms;
   2. Cost range of units proposed;
   3. Owner/tenant characteristics and lifestyle, i.e., singles, couples, families, professionals, retired, elderly, etc.;
   4. Examination of existing successful comparables by area or project;
   5. Size of project;
   6. Special parking requirements for visitors and recreational vehicles;
   7. Future parking expansion capabilities;
   8. Transportation alternatives, including proximity to transit stations;
   9. Workplace relationships;
   10. Handicap requirements;
   11. Restrictive covenants; and
   12. Availability of approved on-street parking for required guest parking.
5. Parking space study. When a parking space study is required for a particular use shown on HCC 10-24-12, chart 10-24, or when an applicant requests a modification in the number of parking spaces required under this subsection, a parking study shall be provided by the applicant which recommends an adequate number of parking spaces and sets forth the basis of the recommendation.
   1. The study shall provide:
      1. Planning and traffic engineering data, including estimates of parking demand based on recommendations from the Institute of Parking Engineers or a comparable organization;
      2. Data collected from uses, or combinations of uses, that are the same or comparable to the proposed project as indicated by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location;
      3. The source of data used to develop the study's recommendations; and
      4. The name and qualifications of the persons who prepared the study.
   2. The required number of parking spaces shall be based on:
      1. The recommendations of the parking study and any recommendations from city staff; and
      2. Making the findings required under subsection (C) or (D) of this section, as the case may be.

(Code 2023, § 10-24-11; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017)

CHART 10-24. OFF-STREET PARKING SCHEDULE 

(Code 2023, § 10-24-12; Ord. No. 2017-54, 12-13-2017; Ord. No. 2021-29, 10-27-2021; Ord. No. 2022-11, 3-23-2022; Ord. No. 2023-14, exh. A(10-24-12), 7-12-2023)