A.

Use Groups
This zoning ordinance classifies land uses into five major groupings: "residential," "public and civic," "commercial," "industrial," "aviation" and "other." These are referred to as "use groups."

B.

Use Categories
Each use group is further divided into more specific "use categories." Use categories classify land uses and activities based on common functional, product, or physical characteristics. Characteristics include the type and amount of activity, the type of customers or residents, how goods or services are sold or delivered and site conditions.

C.

Typical Uses
Typical uses cited in the description of use categories are not intended to be exclusive or restrictive.

D.

Interpretations
The director of Development Services is authorized to classify specific use types into defined use categories based on the use category descriptions of this chapter. When a specific use type cannot be readily classified into a use category or appears to fit into multiple use categories, the director of Development Services is authorized to determine the most similar, and thus most appropriate, use category based on the following considerations:

1.

The actual or projected characteristics of the activity in relationship to the stated characteristics of each use type;

2.

The relative amount of site area or floor space and equipment devoted to the activity;

3.

Relative amounts of sales from each activity;

4.

The customer type for each activity;

5.

The relative number of employees in each activity;

6.

Hours of operation;

7.

Building and site arrangement;

8.

Vehicles used with the activity;

9.

The relative number of vehicle trips generated by the use;

10.

Signs;

11.

How the use advertises itself; and

12.

Whether the activity is likely to be found independent of the other activities on the site.

(Ord. 3621, 2018; Ord. 3410, 2009)

The residential use group includes uses that provide living accommodations to one or more persons. The group includes two use categories: household living and group living.

A.

Household Living Category
Residential occupancy of a dwelling unit by a household. When dwelling units are rented, tenancy is arranged on a month-to-month or longer basis. Uses where tenancy may be arranged for a shorter period are not considered residential; they are considered a form of lodging. Domestic Violence Shelters are considered a type of household living.

B.

Group Living
Residential occupancy of a dwelling by other than a "household," typically providing communal kitchen/dining facilities. Examples of group living uses include, but are not limited to, fraternities, sororities, convents, monasteries, nursing homes and the following specific use types:

1.

Community Residential Facility
Any of the following:

a.

A group, foster or other home specifically provided as a place of residence serving developmentally disabled or handicapped persons who do not require nursing care; and as defined by MCA § 76-2-411;

b.

A district youth guidance home serving youths in need of supervision, or youths in need of care or delinquent youths as defined by MCA § 76-2-411, and established pursuant to the Montana Youth Court Act;

c.

Detention, receiving or shelter homes defined by MCA § 76-2-411, and established pursuant to the Montana Youth Court Act;

d.

A halfway house operated in accordance with regulations of the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences for the rehabilitation of alcoholics or drug dependent persons, pursuant to MCA § 76-2-411;

e.

A licensed adult foster family care home as defined by MCA § 76-2-411; or

f.

An assisted living facility licensed under MCA § 76-2-411.

2.

Health Care Facility
As defined in MCA § 50-5-101.

3.

Convent/Monastery
A residential building housing persons (such as nuns or monks) under religious vows.

(Ord. 3519, 2014; Ord. 3483, 2012; Ord. 3410, 2009)

The public and civic use group includes uses that provide public or quasi-public services. The public and civic use group includes the following use categories:

A.

College/University
Colleges and other institutions of higher learning that offer courses of general or specialized study leading to a degree. They are certified by the state or by a recognized accrediting agency. Colleges tend to be in campus-like settings or on multiple blocks. Examples include universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, nursing and medical schools not accessory to a hospital, conservatories and seminaries.

B.

Day Care
Uses providing care, protection and supervision for children or adults on a regular basis away from their primary residence for less than 24 hours per day. There are two types of day care:

1.

Residential Day Care
Day care provided within a residential unit for up to 15 children or adults, in addition to members of the day care provider's household.

2.

Day Care Center
Day care for 16 or more children or adults.

C.

Detention and Correctional Facilities
Facilities for the judicially required detention or incarceration of people. Inmates and detainees are under 24-hour supervision by peace officers, except when on an approved leave. Examples include prisons, jails, probation centers and juvenile detention homes.

D.

Extreme Weather Shelter
An intermittently operating shelter provided by Religious Assembly uses for the homeless and at risk populations during weather events where human life is at risk, and subject to Section 20.40.055.

E.

Fraternal Organization
The use of a buildingbuilding or parcelparcel by a not-for-profit organization that restricts access to its facility to bona fide, annual dues-paying members and their occasional guests.

F.

Hospital
Uses providing medical or surgical care to patients and offering inpatient (overnight) care.

G.

Library/Cultural Exhibit
Museum-like preservation and exhibition of objects in one or more of the arts and sciences, gallery exhibition of works of art, or library collection of books, manuscripts, etc., for study and reading.

H.

Park/Recreation
Recreational, social, or multi-purpose uses associated with public parks, public open spaces, public community centers, public play fields, public or private golf courses, or other public recreation areas or buildingsbuildings.

I.

Preschool
Place or facility that provides educational instruction designed for children five years of age or younger, with limited hours of education per child:

1.

Preschool (1—12)
Preschool education for up to 12 children.

2.

Preschool Center (13+)
Preschool education for 13 or more children.

J.

Religious Assembly
Religious services involving public assembly such as customarily occur in synagogues, temples, mosques and churches. Religious Assembly includes provisions for temporary shelter use. Religious institutions providing extreme weather shelter must comply with Section 20.40.055, Extreme Weather Shelter. Religious institutions accommodating temporary overnight visitors per the allowance in MCA § 50-60-203(7)(a) for the purpose of religious retreats, ministry programs, overnight events, and emergency or catastrophic occurrences or to provide shelter or to accommodate displaced persons due to hardship or inclement weather must comply with Section 20.40.130, Temporary Uses.

K.

Safety Services
Public safetyPublic safety services that provide fire, police or life protection, together with the incidental storage and maintenance of necessary vehicles. Typical uses include fire stations, police stations and ambulance services.

L.

School
Public and private schools at the primary, elementary, junior high, or high school level that provide state-mandated basic education.

M.

Utilities and Services

1.

Minor
Infrastructure services that need to be located in the area where the service is provided. Minor utilities and services generally do not have regular employees at the site and typically have few if any impacts on surrounding areas. Typical uses include water and sewer pump stations; minor water towers and reservoirs; minor electrical substations, including small scale solar energy conversion systems; water conveyance systems; stormwater facilities and conveyance systems; telephone switching equipment and emergency communication broadcast facilities; and includes the equipment necessary to allow the facility to function, like communication towers and associated equipment. Bus and rail passenger facilities for local or subregional service, such as Mountain Line stops and transfer centers, are classified as "minor utilities and services."

2.

Major
Infrastructure services that typically have substantial land-use impacts on surrounding areas. Typical uses include, but are not limited to, water and wastewater treatment facilities, major water storage facilities and electric generation plants, including medium and large scale solar energy conversion systemsolar energy conversion systems.

N.

Emergency Homeless Shelter
Uses providing temporary shelter for homeless persons provided at no cost, the primary purpose of which is to provide shelter to individuals on a day-by-day basis. An emergency shelter shall be considered a different land use than Community Residential Facilities (20.105.020.B.1).

O.

Meal Center (Soup Kitchen)
Primary uses providing food served on-site at little or no cost.

(Ord. 3769, 2025; Ord. 3733, 2024; Ord. 3723, 2023; Ord. 3669, 2020; Ord. 3655, 2019; Ord. 3652, 2019; Ord. 3549, 2015; Ord. 3519, 2014; Ord. 3410, 2009)

Note— 20.105.030.B and J—Interim provision, expires March 24, 2026.

The commercial use group includes uses that provide a business service or involve the selling, leasing or renting of merchandise to the general public. The commercial use group includes the following use categories:

A.

Animal Services
The following are animal services use types:

1.

Sales and Grooming
Sales and grooming of dogs, cats and similar small animals. Typical uses include pet stores, dog bathing and clipping salons, pet grooming shops, and indoor training.

2.

Shelter or Boarding Kennel
Animal shelters and kennel services for dogs, cats and small animals. Typical uses include boarding kennels, pet resorts/hotels, dog training centers and animal rescue shelters.

3.

Veterinary
Typical uses include pet clinics, dog and cat hospitals and animal hospitals.

4.

Stable
Boarding facilities for horses and similar large animals.

B.

Artist Work or Sales Space
Floor space devoted to the production, showing, or sale of art. Typical uses include art galleries, artist and photography studios, but not including art museums. Art museums are classified in the "Libraries and Cultural Exhibits" use category.

C.

Building Maintenance Service
Provision of maintenance and custodial services to commercial and industrial establishments. Typical uses include janitorial, landscape maintenance and window cleaning services. Also includes exterminator services for residential, commercial or industrial applications.

D.

Business Equipment Sales and Service
Sales, rental or repair of office, professional and service equipment and supplies to companies rather than to individuals. Excludes automotive and heavy equipment sales or service. Typical uses include office equipment and supply firms, small business machine repair shops and hotel equipment and supply firms.

E.

Business Support Service
Provision of clerical, employment, protective, or minor processing services to firms rather than individuals. Typical uses include employment agencies and telephone answering services and business or trade schools. Business or trades schools that involve outdoor storage or manufacturing processes are not considered business support services but rather are to be classified in an Industrial use group category.

F.

Communication Service Establishments
Broadcasting and other information relay services accomplished through use of electronic, wireless, and telephonic mechanisms. Excludes services classified as "major utilities and services" and "minor utilities." Typical uses include recording studios, television and radio studios, and telecommunication service centers.

G.

Construction Sales and Service
Construction and development activities and related storage on parcels other than construction or development sites. Typical uses include tool and equipment rental or sales, and building contracting/construction businesses. Uses that involve office or administrative functions only, with no on-site equipment or vehicle storage, are classified as offices.

H.

Day Labor Employment Agency
Any enterprise, other than a labor union or a not-for-profit organization, engaged in procuring or providing temporary unskilled work by persons at a site other than the day labor business premises in which: (1) the day laborers are paid, by the day labor business or a third party employer, each work day or on the business day following the work day; and (2) persons arrive at the day labor business premises to make application for work as a day laborer, to obtain assignment for day labor, to obtain transportation to a day labor site or to obtain payment of wages or benefits for day labor. For purposes of this definition, "unskilled work" means work involving physical tasks for which: (1) the worker is not required by law to hold a professional or occupational license; or (2) the employer or contractor controlling the site of the work does not require the worker to have: (a) a high school diploma or its equivalent, or (b) education beyond high school, or (c) relevant vocational education, or (d) demonstrated proficiency with a specified type of machinery to be used in the work, but does not include white collar, secretarial, clerical or professional work.

I.

Eating and Drinking Establishments
Provision of prepared food and/or beverages for on- or off-premises consumption. Typical uses include restaurants, taverns and nightclubs.

1.

Restaurant
An establishment primarily engaged in serving prepared food to the public and in which sales of such prepared foods and meals constitutes at least 65% of the establishment's gross income.

2.

Tavern or Nightclub
An establishment that is primarily engaged in serving alcoholic liquor for consumption on the premises and in which the serving of prepared food and meals constitutes less than 65% of the establishment's gross income. Taverns and nightclubs may offer live entertainment and dancing.

Commentary: Microbreweries and Wineries are classified as industrial uses. See 20.105.050.

J.

Enterprise Commercial Use
A use classified in the commercial use group of 20.105.040 that contains more than 30,000 square feet of gross floor area, whether contained in a single building or contained within multiple buildings on a single development site. Enterprise commercial uses may include only individual use types (e.g., retail, office, eating and drinking establishment) that are allowed in the subject zoning district.

K.

Entertainment and Spectator Sports
Provision of cultural, entertainment, athletic and other events to spectators, such as occurs in theaters, cinemas, auditoriums, fairgrounds, sports stadiums and racetracks. The following are spectator sports and entertainment use types:

1.

Small Venue
Entertainment and spectator sports establishments with a capacity of no more than 149 persons. Typical uses include small theaters and meeting or banquet halls.

2.

Medium Venue
Entertainment and spectator sports establishments with a capacity of more than 149 and fewer than 500 persons. Typical uses include single- or dual-screen cinemas, theaters and meeting or banquet halls.

3.

Large Venue
Entertainment and spectator sports establishments with a capacity of 500 persons or more. Typical uses include stadiums, large theaters, multi-screen cinemas and large meeting or banquet halls.

L.

Financial Services
Financial or securities brokerage services. Typical uses include banks, savings and loans, consumer investment businesses, pawn shops, and check-cashing/loan services.

1.

Bank
A federal- or state-chartered bank, credit union, savings and loan association or trust company.

2.

Check-Cashing/Loan Service
A business engaged in cashing checks or providing short-term loans for members of the general public as a principal purpose of its operation and that is not a bank, savings and loan association, or other financial service, including businesses offering payday loans, title loans, signature loans, small loans, and other similar loans, but not including pawn shops.

3.

Pawn Shop
Businesses that lend money on the security of pledged goods or that is engaged in the business of purchasing tangible personal property on condition that it may be redeemed or repurchased by the seller for a fixed price within a fixed period of time.

M.

Food and Beverage Retail Sales
Retail sale of food and beverages for home consumption. Typical uses include groceries, liquor stores and wine stores.

N.

Funeral and Interment Services
Provision of services involving the care, preparation or disposition of human dead. The following are funeral and interment services use types:

1.

Cemetery/Columbarium/Mausoleum
Land or facilities used for burial of the dead, including pet cemeteries.

2.

Cremating
Crematory services involving the purification and reduction of the human body by fire. Typical uses include crematories and crematoriums.

3.

Undertaking
Undertaking services such as preparing the dead for burial and arranging and managing funerals. Typical uses include funeral homes and mortuaries.

O.

Gasoline and Fuel Sales
A building or portion of a building used for offering for sale at retail to the public, fuels, oils and accessories for motor vehicles, where repair service and automobile washing is incidental, where no storage or parking space is offered for rent and where no motor vehicles or boats are offered for sale or rent.

1.

Truck Stop/Travel Plaza
Facilities providing service to semi-tractors and other large trucks and vehicles, including the sale of fuel to intrastate and interstate truck drivers, and provision of customary support facilities for truck drivers. Truck stops are designed to accommodate large semi-tractor/trailer combinations and truck drivers, and may also be utilized by smaller trucks and other interstate travelers.

P.

Lodging
Provision of lodging services on a temporary basis with incidental food, drink and other sales and services intended for the convenience of guests. The following are lodging use types:

1.

Bed and Breakfast
A detached house in which the owner offers overnight accommodations and meal service to guests for compensation.

2.

Hostel
An establishment, other than a bed and breakfast or hotel/motel use, that provides dormitory sleeping accommodations or shared guest rooms as low-cost public travel accommodations to recreational travelers. Hostels typically have shared kitchen and sanitary facilities for use by transient guests.

3.

Hotel/Motel
An establishment, other than a bed and breakfast, in which short-term lodging is offered for compensation and that may or may not include the service of one or more meals to guests. Typical uses include hotels and motels.

4.

Recreational Vehicle Park
A parcel designed, maintained or intended to be used for the purpose of providing short-term accommodation—no more than 30 days—for placement of two or more recreational vehicles, include all buildings used or maintained for the use of the occupants in the recreational vehicle park. A parcel designed, maintained or intended to be used for the purpose of providing short-term accommodation—no more than 30 days—for placement of two or more recreational vehicles, include all buildings used or maintained for the use of the occupants in the recreational vehicle park.

5.

Tourist Home
A private home or condominium that is not occupied by an owner or manager and is rented, leased, or furnished in its entirety to transient guests on a daily or weekly basis (MCA § 50-51-102(12)). Transient guest is defined as a guest for only a brief stay, such as the traveling public (MCA § 50-51-102(13)).

Q.

Office

1.

Administrative, Professional or General Office
Professional, governmental, executive, management or administrative offices of private organizations or government agencies. Typical uses include administrative offices, law offices, architectural firms, insurance companies and government offices.

2.

Medical Office
Personal health services including prevention, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation services provided by physicians, dentists, nurses and other health personnel and medical testing and analysis services. Typical uses include medical and dental offices, including chiropractic offices, physical and massage therapy offices, psychologist and psychiatrist offices, health maintenance organizations, blood banks, plasma centers and government-operated health centers. Excludes use types more specifically classified, such as hospitals.

R.

Parking, Non-Accessory
Parking that is not provided to comply with minimum off-street parking requirements and that is not provided exclusively to serve occupants of or visitors to a particular use, but rather is available to the public at-large. A facility that provides both accessory parking and non-accessory parking is classified as non-accessory parking.

S.

Personal Improvement Service
Informational, instructional, personal improvement and similar services of a non-professional nature. Typical uses include hair salons, barber shops, beauty shops, nail salons, yoga or dance studios, driving schools and martial arts studios.

T.

Repair or Laundry Service, Consumer
Provision of repair, dry cleaning or laundry services to individuals and households, but not to firms. Excludes vehicle and equipment repair. Typical uses include laundry/dry cleaning drop-off stations (with no dry cleaning on the premises), hand laundries, appliance repair shops, locksmiths, shoe and apparel repair and musical instrument repair.

U.

Research Service
An establishment that conducts educational, scientific, high-technology or medical research not involving the mass production, distribution or sale of products. Research services do not produce odors, dust, noise, vibration or other external impacts that are detectable beyond the property lines of the subject property. Research-related establishments that do produce such external impacts are classified as "manufacturing, production and industrial services."

V.

Residential Support Services
Commercial uses provided primarily to serve the needs of residents in, multi-dwelling residential buildings or residents within the immediate area. See standards under 20.40.120. The following are considered residential support services:

1.

Restaurants, except drive-through facilities;

2.

Financial services, except pawnshops, consumer loan agencies and payday loan stores;

3.

Food and beverage retail sales;

4.

Medical office (other than blood/plasma center);

5.

Administrative, professional or general offices;

6.

Personal improvement service; and

7.

Retail sales establishments, except adult entertainment.

W.

Retail Sales
Businesses involved in the sale, lease or rent of new or used products, merchandise to consumers. Typical uses include drug stores, grocery stores, department stores and apparel stores, and cannabiscannabis dispensaries.

X.

Sports and Recreation, Participant
Provision of sports or recreation primarily by and for participants. (Spectators would be incidental and on a nonrecurring basis.) Examples include bowling alleys, health clubs, skating rinks, bingo halls, casinos, billiard parlors, driving ranges and miniature golf courses, shooting and archery ranges, batting cages, and go-cart tracks.

1.

Casino
Any establishment that offers legalized gambling authorized under MCA Title 23, Chapter 5, Part 1 et seq., and where any one of the following characteristics applies:

a.

The establishment is referenced as a "casino" or "gambling establishment", or makes any reference to legalized gambling by signage, advertisement or by name;

b.

Five or more gambling machines are on the premises; or

c.

A card table is on the premises.

Y.

Vehicle Sales and Service
Sales of motor vehicles or services related to motor vehicles. The following are vehicle sales and service use types:

1.

Car Wash/Cleaning Service
A building or site containing facilities for washing automobiles. It may use automatic production line methods—a chain conveyor, blower, steam cleaning device, or other mechanical device—or it may provide space, water and equipment for hand washing, cleaning or detailing of automobiles, whether by the customer or the operator.

2.

Heavy Equipment Sales/Rentals
Sale, retail or wholesale and/or rental from the premises of heavy construction equipment, trucks and aircraft, together with incidental maintenance. Typical uses include heavy construction equipment dealers and tractor trailer sales.

3.

Light Equipment Sales/Rentals
Sale, retail, wholesale, or rental from the premises of autos, noncommercial trucks, motorcycles, trailers of less than 10,000 pounds gross cargo weight, recreational vehicles and boat dealers, together with incidental maintenance. Typical uses include automobile and boat dealers, car rental agencies and recreational vehicle sales and rental agencies. For the purposes of this zoning ordinance, the sales or display for sale of more than three vehicles on a single parcel is classified as a "light equipment sales/rental" use.

4.

Motor Vehicle Repair, Limited
A vehicle repair establishment that provides lubrication and/or checking, changing, or additions of those fluids and filters necessary to the maintenance of a vehicle. Customers generally wait in the car or at the establishment while the service is performed. This also includes vehicle repair establishments that provide replacement of passenger vehicle parts or repairs that do not involve body work or painting. Examples include quick lube services, tire, muffler and transmission shops.

5.

Motor Vehicle Repair, General
Any vehicle repair activity other than "limited motor vehicle repair." Examples include repair or servicing of commercial vehicles or heavy equipment, body work or painting.

6.

Vehicle Storage and Towing
Storage of operating motor vehicles or vehicle towing services. Typical uses include towing services, private parking tow-aways (tow lots), impound yards and fleet storage yards. Includes the use of a site for temporary storage of motor vehicles for a period of not more than 15 days, not including temporary storage facilities for vehicles that are to be sold, rented, salvaged, dismantled, repaired or returned to owners upon payment of towing and storage fees.

(Ord. 3689, 2021; Ord. 3609, 2018; Ord. 3586, 2016; Ord. 3511, 2013; Ord. 3471, 2011; Ord. 3410, 2009)

The industrial use group includes uses that produce goods from extracted materials or from recyclable or previously prepared materials, including the design, storage and handling of these products and the materials from which they are produced. It also includes uses that store or distribute materials or goods in large quantities. The industrial use group includes the following use categories:

A.

Auto Wrecking
The collecting and dismantling or wrecking of used motor vehicles or trailers, or the storage, sale or dumping of dismantled, partially dismantled, obsolete or wrecked motor vehicles or their parts.

B.

Cidery
A cidery licensed in accordance with MCA § 16-4-107.

C.

Data Center
A use involving a building or premises in which the majority of the use is occupied by computers, telecommunications, or related equipment, including supporting equipment, where information is processed, transferred, and stored, as reflected in MCA § 69-3-1.

D.

Digital Asset Mining
The use of electricity to power a computer for the purpose of securing a blockchain network. Usually a group of computers working at a single site that consume more than 1 megawatt of energy on an average annual basis for the purpose of generating digital assets by securing a blockchain network, as reflected in MCA § 69-3-1.

1.

Home Digital Asset Mining
Mining digital assets in areas zoned for residential use that consume less than 1 megawatt of energy on an average annual basis for the purpose of generating digital assets by securing a blockchain network, as reflected in MCA § 69-3-1.

E.

Junk/Salvage Yard
An open area where waste or scrap materials are bought, sold, exchanged, stored, baled, packed, disassembled, or handled, including but not limited to scrap iron and other metals, paper, rags, rubber tires and bottles. A junk or salvage yard includes an auto wrecking yard, but does not include waste-related uses or recycling facilities.

F.

Manufacturing, Production and Industrial Services

1.

Artisan
On-site production of goods by hand manufacturing, involving the use of hand tools and small-scale, light mechanical equipment in a completely enclosed building with no outdoor operations or storage, and occupying no more than 3,500 square feet of gross floor area. Typical uses include woodworking and cabinet shops, cannabis cultivation (With a canopy area up to Tier 1, MCA § 50-46-305), ceramic studios, jewelry manufacturing, food manufacturing, and similar types of arts and crafts or very small-scale manufacturing uses that have no negative external impacts on surrounding properties.

2.

Limited
Manufacturing of finished parts or products, primarily from previously prepared materials. Typical uses include: catering establishments, printing and related support activities; machinery manufacturing; food manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing/assembly; electrical equipment, appliance, component manufacturing/assembly; furniture and related product manufacturing/assembly; manufacturing of cannabis products that do not utilize flammable solvents and other manufacturing and production establishments that typically have very few, if any, negative external impacts on surrounding properties. Also includes cannabis cultivation (With a canopy area up to Tier 2, MCA § 50-46-305) and "artisan manufacturing/production" type uses that do not comply with the enclosed building, floor area and/or outside operations/storage criteria that apply to artisan manufacturing/production uses.

Commentary: Businesses with approved State Cannabis licenses will be allowed to split grow areas between multiple locations as long as the combined canopy area square footage of all locations does not exceed the maximum canopy area permitted in the applicable state licensing tier. Locally, the canopy square footage can be distributed on the ground to any number of parcels so long as the canopy area on a single parcel does not exceed the square footage maximum allowed by the zoning district, and does not exceed the State license requirements.

3.

General

a.

Manufacturing of finished or unfinished products, primarily from extracted or raw materials, or recycled or secondary materials, or bulk storage and handling of such products and materials. Typical uses include: textile mills; textile product mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing; wood product manufacturing; paper manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; plastics and rubber products manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing; transportation equipment manufacturing; primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing; and manufacturing of cannabis products. Also includes cannabis cultivation, medical, scientific or technology-related research establishments that produce odors, dust, noise, vibration or other external impacts that are detectable beyond the property lines of the subject property.

b.

Industrial service firms engaged in the repair or servicing of industrial or commercial machinery, equipment, products or by-products. Typical uses include: welding shops; machine shops; industrial tool repair; fuel oil distributors; solid fuel yards; laundry, dry-cleaning and carpet cleaning plants; and photofinishing laboratories. Excludes uses classified as "repair or laundry services."

4.

Intensive
Manufacturing of acetylene, cement, lime, gypsum or Plaster-of-Paris, chlorine, corrosive acid or fertilizer, insecticides, disinfectants, poisons, explosives, paint, lacquer, varnish, petroleum products, coal products, plastic and synthetic resins and radioactive materials. Also includes smelting, animal slaughtering and oil refining.

G.

Microbrewery/Microdistillery
A brewery (for malt beverages) that has an annual nation-wide production of not less than 100 barrels or more than 10,000 barrels. An existing microbrewery that obtains a retail beer and wine sales permit may be co-located at the same location as the microbrewery so long as:

1.

The primary use continues to be the microbrewery, and

2.

The operation shall close at the following times to mirror the general hours of operations of restaurants:

a.

10:00 p.m. on Sunday—Thursday, and

b.

11:00 p.m. on Friday—Saturday.

A distillery that produces 25,000 proof gallons or less of liquor annually in accordance with MCA §§ 16-4-310 through 16-4-312.

H.

Mining/Quarrying
The extraction of mineral or aggregate resources from the ground for off-site use. Examples include quarrying or dredging for sand, gravel or other aggregate materials; mining; and oil and gas drilling.

I.

Recycling Service
Any building, portion of building or area in which recyclable material is collected, stored, or processed for the purpose of marketing the material for use as raw material in the manufacturing process of new, reused or reconstituted products.

1.

Limited
A recycling facility in which recyclable materials are temporarily stored or collected, or processed by manual separation. (Note: consumer-oriented collection boxes for newspapers, cans and glass items are considered an accessory use and may be allowed in any zoning district.)

2.

General
A recycling facility that, in addition to any activity permitted as part of a limited recycling service, engages in processing of recyclable materials such as cleaning, bundling, compacting or packing of recyclable materials.

J.

Residential Storage Warehouses
Storage or warehousing service within a building for individuals to store personal effects and for businesses to store materials for operation of an industrial or commercial enterprise elsewhere. Incidental uses in a residential storage warehouse may include the repair and maintenance of stored materials by the tenant; but in no case may storage spaces in a residential storage warehouse facility function as an independent retail, wholesale, business, or service use. Spaces may not be used for workshops, hobby shops, manufacturing, or similar uses. Human occupancy is limited to that required to transport, arrange and maintain stored materials.

K.

Warehousing, Wholesaling and Freight Movement

1.

Limited
Wholesale sales of goods and materials in association with a retail sales (storefront) business. Typical uses include businesses involved in retail and wholesale sales of materials and equipment to other businesses and to the general public.

2.

General
Storage, wholesale sales and distribution of materials and equipment. Typical uses include storage warehouses, moving and storage firms, trucking or cartage operations, truck staging or storage areas, wholesale sales of materials and equipment to parties other than the general public.

L.

Waste-Related Use
Waste-related uses are characterized by the receiving of solid or liquid wastes from other users and sites for transfer to another location; by the collection of sanitary wastes, or other approved waste materials for on-site disposal; or by the manufacture or production of goods or energy from the composting of organic material. Typical uses include sanitary landfills and the following uses:

1.

Demolition Debris Landfill
A facility or site used for the disposal of demolition waste, construction materials, used building materials, brush, wood waste, soil, rock, concrete and inert solids soluble in water.

2.

Solid Waste Separation Facility
A facility where mixed municipal solid waste is separated into recovered materials and other components either manually or mechanically and further processed for transporting to other facilities, including a solid waste disposal area.

3.

Transfer Station
A facility for the transfer and packing of solid waste from smaller collecting vehicles to larger transport vehicles.

M.

Winery
A winery licensed in accordance with MCA § 16-4-107.

(Ord. 3769, 2025; Ord. 3733, 2024; Ord. 3723, 2023; Ord. 3689, 2021; Ord. 3609, 2018; Ord. 3586, 2016; Ord. 3471, 2011; Ord. 3410, 2009)

Note— 20.105.050—Interim provision, expires March 24, 2026.

The aviation use group includes the following use categories:

A.

Air Medical Services
The use of air transportation, airplane or helicopter, to move patients to and from healthcare facilities and accident scenes. Personnel provide comprehensive prehospital and emergency and critical care to all types of patients during aeromedical evacuation or rescue operations aboard helicopter and propeller aircraft or jet aircraft.

B.

Mail and Distribution
The use by a postal agent for storage, distribution, and transfer of parcels regionally, nationally, and internationally.

C.

Private and Public Airports
See the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) description in 14 CFR Part 139.

D.

Airport Facilities
This use includes, but not limited to, terminals, hangars, and other facilities necessary for the safe and efficient operation of the Airport. Aviation programs and flight training schools are permitted aviation-related uses.

(Ord. 3621, 2018)

The "other" use group includes the following:

A.

Agriculture, Crop
The use of land for growing, raising, or marketing of plants to produce food, feed, or fiber commodities. Examples of crop agriculture include cultivation and tillage of the soil and growing and harvesting of agricultural or horticultural commodities. Crop agriculture does not include personal (household) gardens, or landscaping for aesthetic purposes. Agricultural land includes land used for agriculture or having a soil type defined by the Natural Resources Conservation Service as having agricultural importance, including prime farmland, farmland of state-wide importance, and farmland of local importance.

B.

Agriculture, Animal
The use of land for raising animals to produce food or fiber commodities. Examples of animal agriculture include dairying and the raising of livestock, bees, fur-bearing animals, and poultry. Animal agriculture does not include the keeping of up to six female chickens, in accordance with Chapter 6.12 of the Municipal Code.

C.

Community Garden
Land used for vegetable, fruit or flower gardening by individuals or groups who may or may not own or lease the subject land.

D.

Transportation Terminal
Facilities for regional bus service and regional rail service including loading and unloading areas and passenger waiting areas. Note: Bus and rail passenger facilities for local or subregional service, such as Mountain Line stops and transfer centers are classified as "minor utilities."

E.

Wireless Communication Facility
Facilities related to the use of the radio frequency spectrum for the purposes of transmitting or receiving radio signals, and may include, but is not limited to, radio towers, television towers, telephone exchanges, micro-wave relay towers, telephone transmission equipmentbuildings, commercial mobile radio service facilities or other personal wireless services (such as cellular, personal communication service [PCS], paging, specialized mobile radio [SMR], and other similar services.) This use category includes all associated equipment unless the written context clearly indicates that another meaning is intended. The term "associated equipment" is to be read broadly and in context. Associated equipment may include, but is not limited to: antenna, equipment shelter or platform, lighting, monopole tower, mounting hardware, supporting electrical or mechanical equipment, access road, and guy system.

1.

Collocated Facility
A wireless telecommunication facility that is attached to an existing pole, tower, or other structure including, but not limited to, a structure that can accommodate the future installation of two or more antenna systems.

2.

Freestanding Facility
A new tower, monopole, or other unattached structureerected to support wireless communication antennas and connecting appurtenances.

(Ord. 3609, 2018; Ord. 3410, 2009)