Lakehurst City Zoning Code
§ 25-16.11
Appendices.
a.
Methods for Calculating Groundwater Recharge.
1.
The New Jersey Geological Survey Report GSR-32: A Method for Evaluating Ground-Water Recharge Areas in New Jersey. Available at http://www.njgeology.org/geodata/dgs99-2.htm.
2.
The New Jersey Groundwater Recharge Spreadsheet (NJGRS). Available in the New Jersey BMP Manual, Chapter 6, at http://www.njstormwater.org/bmp_manual2.htm.
b.
NJDEP Nonstructural Strategies Point System. The New Jersey Stormwater Management Rules at N.J.A.C. 7:8-5.2(a), and Subsection 25-16.4a, require nonstructural stormwater management strategies to be incorporated into the site design of a major development. A total of nine strategies are to be used to the maximum extent practical to meet the groundwater recharge, stormwater quality and stormwater quantity requirements of the Rules prior to utilizing structural stormwater management measures. The New Jersey Nonstructural Stormwater Management Strategies Point System (NSPS) provides a tool to assist planners, designers and regulators in determining that the strategies have been used to the “maximum extent practical” at a major development as required by the Rules. Refer online to http://www.njstormwater.org for information on the NSPS.
c.
Soils.
1.
USDA Soil Textural Triangle.
 Source: US Department of Agriculture. |
2. A-HORIZON ARTESIAN ZONE OF SATURATION CHROMA CLAY CLAY LOAM COARSE FRAGMENT COUNTY SOIL SURVEY REPORT DIRECT SUPERVISION EQUIVALENT SPHERICAL DIAMETER EXCESSIVELY COARSE HORIZON EXCESSIVELY COARSE SUBSTRATUM EXTREMELY FIRM CONSISTENCE FIRM CONSISTENCE HARD CONSISTENCE HUE HYDRAULICALLY RESTRICTIVE HORIZON HYDRAULICALLY RESTRICTIVE SUBSTRATUM LOAMY SAND LOWER PLASTIC LIMIT MOTTLING MUNSELL SYSTEM O-HORIZON PERCHED ZONE OF SATURATION PIEZOMETER PLATY STRUCTURE REGIONAL ZONE OF SATURATION SANDY CLAY SANDY LOAM SILT SILT LOAM SILTY CLAY SILTY CLAY LOAM SOIL AGGREGATE SOIL COLOR SOIL CONSISTENCE SOIL HORIZON SOIL LOG SOIL MAPPING UNIT SOIL PHASE SOIL PROFILE SOIL SERIES SOIL STRUCTURAL CLASS SOIL STRUCTURE SOIL TEST PIT SOIL TEXTURAL CLASS SOIL TEXTURE STATIC WATER LEVEL SUBSTRATUM UNSUITABLE SOIL USDA SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION VALUE VERY FIRM CONSISTENCE VERY HARD CONSISTENCE ZONE OF SATURATION
Definitions. For the purposes of this appendix, the following terms shall have the meanings herein ascribed to them.
shall mean the uppermost mineral horizon in a normal soil profile. The upper part of the A-horizon is characterized by maximum accumulation of finely divided, dark colored organic residues, known as humus, which are intimately mixed with the mineral particles of the soil.
shall mean a zone of saturation which exists immediately below a hydraulically restrictive horizon, and which has an upper surface which is at a pressure greater than atmospheric, either seasonally or throughout the year.
shall mean the relative purity or strength of a color, a quantity which decreases with increasing grayness. Chroma is one of the three variables of soil color as defined in the Munsell system of classification.
shall mean a particle size category consisting of mineral particles which are smaller than 0.002 millimeters in equivalent spherical diameter. Also, a soil textural class having more than 40% clay, less than 45% sand, and less than 40% silt, as shown in Section XI.C.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle).
shall mean a soil textural class having 27% to 40% clay and 20% to 45% sand, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle).
shall mean a rock fragment contained within the soil which is greater than two millimeters in equivalent spherical diameter or which is retained on a two millimeter sieve.
shall mean a report prepared by the US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service which includes maps showing the distribution of soil mapping units throughout a particular county together with narrative descriptions of the soil series shown and other information relating to the uses and properties of the various soil series.
shall mean control over and direction of work carried out by others with full knowledge of and responsibility for such work.
of a particle means the diameter of a sphere which has a volume equal to the volume of the particle.
shall mean a horizon of limited thickness within the soil profile which provides inadequate removal of pollutants from stormwater due to a high coarse fragment content, excessively coarse texture and/or excessively rapid permeability.
shall mean a substratum below the soil profile which extends beyond the depth of soil profile pits and borings and which provides inadequate removal of pollutants from stormwater due to a high coarse fragment content, excessively coarse texture and/or excessively rapid permeability.
shall mean a type of soil material whose moist aggregated mass crushes only under very strong pressure; cannot be crushed between the thumb and forefinger and shall be broken apart bit by bit.
shall mean a type of soil material whose moist aggregated mass crushes under moderate pressure between the thumb and forefinger but resistance is distinctly noticeable.
shall mean a type of soil material whose dry aggregated mass is moderately resistant to pressure; can be broken in the hands without difficulty but is barely breakable between the thumb and forefinger.
shall mean the dominant spectral color, one of the three variables of soil color defined within the Munsell system of classification.
shall mean a horizon within the soil profile which slows or prevents the downward or lateral movement of water and which is underlain by permeable soil horizons or substrata. Any soil horizon which has a saturated permeability less than 1.0 inch per hour is hydraulically restrictive.
shall mean a substratum below the soil profile which slows or prevents the downward or lateral movement of water and which extends beyond the depth of profile pits or borings or to a massive substratum. A substratum which has a saturated permeability less than 1.0 inch per hour is hydraulically restrictive.
shall mean a soil textural class, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle), that has a maximum of 85% to 90% sand with a percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay not in excess of 15; or a minimum of 70% to 85% sand with a percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay not in excess of 30.
shall mean the moisture content corresponding to the transition between the plastic and semi-solid states of soil consistency. This corresponds to the lowest soil moisture content at which the soil can be molded in the fingers to form a rod or wire, 1/8 inches in thickness, without crumbling.
shall mean a color pattern observed in soil consisting of blotches or spots of contrasting color. The term “mottle” refers to an individual blotch or spot. The terms “color variegation,” “iron depletion” and “iron concentration” are equivalent to the term “mottling.” Mottling due to redoximorphic reactions is an indication of seasonal or periodic and recurrent saturation.
shall mean a system of classifying soil color consisting of an alpha-numeric designation for hue, value and chroma, such as “7.5 YR 6/2,” together with a descriptive color name, such as “strong brown.”
shall mean a surface horizon, occurring above the A-horizon in some soils, which is composed primarily of un-decomposed or partially decomposed plant remains which have not been incorporated into the mineral soil.
shall mean a zone of saturation which occurs immediately above a hydraulically restrictive horizon and which is underlain by permeable horizons or substrata which are not permanently or seasonally saturated.
shall mean a device consisting of a length of metal or plastic pipe, open at the bottom or perforated within a specified interval, and used for the determination of depth to water, permeability or hydraulic head within a specific soil horizon or substratum.
Is characterized by a soil aggregate, which has one axis distinctly shorter than the other two and are oriented with the short axis vertical.
shall mean a zone of saturation, which extends vertically without interruption below the depth of soil borings and profile pits.
shall mean a soil textural class having 35% or more of clay and 45% or more of sand, as shown in subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle).
shall mean a soil textural class, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle), that has a maximum of 20% clay, and the percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay exceeds 30, and contains 52% or more sand; or less than 7% clay, less than 50% silt, and between 43% and 52% sand.
shall mean a particle size category consisting of mineral particles, which are between 0.002 and 0.05 millimeters in equivalent spherical diameter. It also means a soil textural class having 80% or more of silt and 12% or less of clay, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle).
shall mean a soil textural class having 50% or more of silt and 12% to 27% of clay; or 50% to 80% of silt and less than 12% of clay, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle).
shall mean a soil textural class having 40% or more of clay and 40% or more of silt, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle).
shall mean a soil textural class having 27% to 40% of clay and less than 20% of sand, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1 (USDA Soil Textural Triangle).
shall mean a naturally occurring unit of soil structure consisting of particles of sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and coarse fragments held together by the natural cohesion of the soil.
shall mean the soil color name and Munsell color designation determined by comparison of the moist soil with color chips contained in a Munsell soil color book.
shall mean the resistance of a soil aggregate or clod to being crushed between the fingers or broken by the hands. Terms for describing soil consistence described are in N.J.A.C. 7:9A-5.3(h).
shall mean a layer within a soil profile differing from layers of soil above and below it in one or more of the soil morphological characteristics including color, texture, coarse fragment content, structure, consistence and mottling.
shall mean a description of the soil profile which includes the depth, thickness, color, texture, coarse fragment content, mottling, structure and consistence of each soil horizon or substratum.
shall mean an area outlined on a map in a County Soil Survey Report and marked with a letter symbol designating a soil phase, a complex of two or more soil phases, or some other descriptive term where no soil type has been identified.
shall mean a specific type of soil which is mapped by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and which belongs to a soil series described within the County Soil Survey Report.
shall mean a vertical cross-section of undisturbed soil showing the characteristic horizontal layers or horizons of the soil which have formed as a result of the combined effects of parent material, topography, climate, biological activity and time.
shall mean a grouping of soil types possessing a specific range of soil profile characteristics, which are described within the County Soil Survey Report. Each soil series may consist of several “soil phases” which may differ in slope, texture of the surface horizon or stoniness.
shall mean one of the shape classes of soil structure described in N.J.A.C. 7:9A-5.3(g).
shall mean the naturally occurring arrangement, within a soil horizon, of sand, silt and clay particles, coarse fragments and organic matter, which are held together in clusters or aggregates of similar shape and size.
shall mean an excavation made for the purpose of exposing a soil profile which is to be described.
shall mean one of the classes of soil texture defined within the USDA system of classification. (Soil Survey Manual, Agricultural Handbook No. 18, USDA Soil Conservation Service 1962.)
shall mean the relative proportions of sand, silt and clay in that portion of the soil which passes through a sieve with two millimeter openings.
shall mean the depth below the ground surface or the elevation with respect to some reference level, of the water level observed within a soil profile pit or boring, or within a piezometer, after this level has stabilized or become relatively constant with the passage of time.
shall mean a layer of soil or rock material present below the soil profile and extending beyond the depth of soil borings or profile pits.
shall mean all soil other than suitable soil.
shall mean the system of classifying soil texture used by the United States Department of Agriculture, which defines 12 soil textural classes based upon the weight percentages of sand, silt and clay in that portion of the soil, which passes through a sieve with two millimeter openings. The soil textural classes are shown graphically on the USDA Soil Textural Triangle, as shown in Subsection 25-16.11c.1.
shall mean the relative lightness or intensity of a color, one of the three variables of soil color defined within the Munsell system of classification.
is characterized by a moist soil which crushes under strong pressure; barely crushable between thumb and forefinger.
is characterized by a dry soil which is resistant to pressure, can be broken in the hands only with difficulty; not breakable between the thumb and forefinger.
shall mean a layer within or below the soil profile which is saturated with ground water either seasonally or throughout the year. This includes both regional and perched zones.
3.
Methods for Assessing Soil Suitability for Infiltration Stormwater Management BMPs. The results of a subsurface investigation shall serve as the basis for the site selection and design of stormwater infiltration BMPs. The subsurface investigation shall include, but not be limited to, a series of soil test pits and soil permeability tests conducted in accordance with the following:
(a)
All soil test pits and soil permeability results shall be performed under the direct supervision of a Professional Engineer. All soil logs and permeability test data shall be accompanied by a certification by a Professional Engineer. The results and location (horizontal and vertical) of all soil test pits and soil permeability tests, both passing and failing, shall be reported to the Borough.
(b)
During all subsurface investigations and soil test procedures, adequate safety measures shall be taken to prohibit unauthorized access to the excavations at all times. It is the responsibility of persons performing or witnessing subsurface investigations and soil permeability tests to comply with all applicable Federal, State and local laws and regulations governing occupational safety.
(c)
A minimum of two soil test pits shall be excavated within the footprint of any proposed infiltration BMP to determine the suitability and distribution of soil types present at the site. Placement of the test pits shall be within 20 feet of the basin perimeter, located along the longest axis bisecting the BMP. For BMPs larger than 10,000 square feet in area, a minimum of one additional soil test pit shall be conducted within each additional area of 10,000 square feet. The additional test pit(s) shall be placed approximately equidistant to other test pits, so as to provide adequate characterization of the subsurface material. In all cases, where soil and or groundwater properties vary significantly, additional test pits shall be excavated in order to accurately characterize the subsurface conditions below the proposed infiltration BMP. Soil test pits shall extend to a minimum depth of eight feet below the lowest elevation of the basin bottom or to a depth that is at least two times the maximum potential water depth in the proposed infiltration BMP, whichever is greater.
(d)
A soil test pit log shall be prepared for each soil test pit. The test pit log shall, at a minimum, provide the elevation of the existing ground surface, the depth and thickness (in inches) of each soil horizon or substratum, the dominant matrix or background and mottle colors using the Munsell system of classification for hue, value and chroma, the appropriate textural class as shown on the USDA textural triangle, the volume percentage of coarse fragments (larger than two millimeters in diameter), the abundance, size, and contrast of mottles, the soil structure, soil consistence, and soil moisture condition, using standard USDA classification terminology for each of these soil properties. Soil test pit logs shall identify the presence of any soil horizon, substratum or other feature that exhibits an in-place permeability rate less than one inch per hour.
(e)
Each soil test pit log shall report the depth to seasonally high water level, either perched or regional, and the static water level based upon the presence of soil mottles or other redoximorphic features, and observed seepage or saturation. Where redoxomorphic features including soil mottles resulting from soil saturation are present, they shall be interpreted to represent the depth to the seasonal high water table unless soil saturation or seepage is observed at a higher level. When the determination of the seasonally high water table shall be made in ground previously disturbed by excavation, direct observation of the static water table during the months of January through April shall be the only method permitted.
(f)
Any soil horizon or substratum which exists immediately below a perched zone of saturation shall be deemed by rule to exhibit unacceptable permeability (less than one inch per hour). The perched zone of saturation may be observed directly, inferred based upon soil morphology, or confirmed by performance of a hydraulic head test as defined at N.J.A.C. 7:9A-5.9.
(g)
Stormwater infiltration BMPs shall not be installed in soils that exhibit artesian groundwater conditions. A permeability test shall be conducted in all soils that immediately underlie a perched zone of saturation. Any zone of saturation which is present below a soil horizon which exhibits an in-place permeability of less than 0.2 inches per hour shall be considered an artesian zone of saturation unless a minimum one foot thick zone of unsaturated soil, free of mottling or other redoximorphic features and possessing a chroma of four or higher, exists immediately below the unsuitable soil.
(h)
A minimum of one permeability test shall be performed at each soil test pit location. The soil permeability rate shall be determined using test methodology as prescribed in N.J.A.C. 7:9A-6.2 (Tube Permeameter Test), 6.5 (Pit Bailing Test) or 6.6 (Piezometer Test). When the tube permeameter test is used, a minimum of two replicate samples shall be taken and tested. Alternative permeability test procedures may be accepted by the approving authority provided the test procedure attains saturation of surrounding soils, accounts for hydraulic head effects on infiltration rates, provides a permeability rate with units expressed in inches per hour and is accompanied by a published source reference. Examples of suitable sources include hydrogeology, geotechnical or engineering text and design manuals, proceedings of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) symposia, or peer-review journals. Neither a Soil Permeability Class Rating Test, as described in N.J.A.C. 7:9A-6.3, nor a Percolation Test, as described in N.J.A.C. 7:9A-6.4, are acceptable tests for establishing permeability values for the purpose of complying with this ordinance.
(i)
Soil permeability tests shall be conducted on the most hydraulically restrictive horizon or substratum to be left in place below the basin as follows. Where no soil replacement is proposed, the permeability tests shall be conducted on the most hydraulically restrictive horizon or substratum within four feet of the lowest elevation of the basin bottom or to a depth equal to two times the maximum potential water depth within the basin, whichever is greater. Where soil replacement is proposed, the permeability tests shall be conducted within the soil immediately below the depth of proposed soil replacement or within the most hydraulically restrictive horizon or substratum to a depth equal to two times the maximum potential water depth within the basin, whichever is greater. Permeability tests may be performed on the most hydraulically restrictive soil horizons or substrata at depths greater than those identified above based upon the discretion of the design or testing engineer. The tested infiltration rate should then be divided by two to establish the soil’s design permeability rate. Such division will provide a 100% safety factor to the tested rate.
(j)
The minimum acceptable “tested permeability rate” of any soil horizon or substratum shall be one inch per hour. Soil materials that exhibit tested permeability rates slower than one inch per hour shall be considered unsuitable for stormwater infiltration. The maximum reportable “tested permeability rate” of any soil horizon or substratum shall be no greater than 20 inches per hour regardless of the rate attained in the test procedure.
(k)
After all construction activities have been completed on the development site and the finished grade has been established in the infiltration BMP, a minimum of one permeability test shall be conducted within the most hydraulically restrictive soil horizon or substratum below the as-built BMP to ensure the performance of the infiltration BMP is as designed. Hand tools and manual permeability test procedures shall be used for the purpose of confirming BMP performance. In addition, the infiltration BMP shall be flooded with water sufficient to demonstrate the performance of the BMP. Test results shall be certified to the municipal engineer.
(l)
A groundwater mounding analysis shall be provided for each stormwater infiltration BMP. The groundwater mounding analysis shall calculate the maximum height of the groundwater mound based upon the volume of the maximum design storm. The Professional Engineer conducting the analysis shall provide the municipal engineer with the methodology and supporting documentation for the mounding analysis used and shall certify to the Borough, based upon the analysis, that the groundwater mound will not cause stormwater or groundwater to breakout to the land surface or cause adverse impact to adjacent surface water bodies, wetlands or subsurface structures including but not limited to basements and septic systems. If there is more than one infiltration BMP proposed, the model shall indicate if and how the mounds will interact. The mounding analysis shall be calculated using the most restrictive soil horizon that will remain in place within the explored aquifer thickness unless alternative analyses is authorized by the municipal engineer. The mounding analysis shall be accompanied by a cross section of the infiltration BMP and surrounding topography and the mound analysis shall extend out to the point(s) at which the mound intersects with the preexisting maximum water table elevation.
(m)
The applicant shall demonstrate that stormwater infiltration BMPs meet the seventy-two-hour drain time requirement established in Subsection 25-16.5b.1.
d.
Pretreatment measures for infiltration BMPs. By reducing incoming velocities and capturing coarser sediments, pretreatment can extend the functional life and increase the pollutant removal capability of infiltration measures. Therefore, the installation of pretreatment measures is recommended for all development sites. Pretreatment measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:
e.
Collection and Conveyance.
1.
Bicycle-safe inlet grates. Site development plans that incorporate site design features that help to prevent discharge of trash and debris from drainage systems shall comply with the following standard to control passage of solid and floatable materials through storm drain inlets. For purposes of this paragraph, “solid and floatable materials” means sediment, debris, trash, and other floating, suspended, or settleable solids.
(a)
Design engineers shall use either of the following grates whenever they use a grate in pavement or another ground surface to collect stormwater from that surface into a storm drain or surface water body under that grate:
(1)
The New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) bicycle safe grate, which is described in Chapter 2.4 of the NJDOT Bicycle Compatible Roadways and Bikeways Planning and Design Guidelines (April 1996); or
(2)
A different grate, if each individual clear space in that grate has an area of no more than seven square inches, or is no greater than 1/2 inch across the smallest dimension. Examples of grates subject to this standard include grates in grate inlets, the grate portion (non-curb-opening portion) of combination inlets, grates on storm sewer manholes, ditch grates, trench grates, and grates of spacer bars in slotted drains. Examples of ground surfaces include surfaces of roads (including bridges), driveways, parking areas, bikeways, plazas, sidewalks, lawns, fields, open channels, and stormwater basin floors.
(b)
Whenever design engineers use a curb-opening inlet, the clear space in that curb opening (or each individual clear space, if the curb opening has two or more clear spaces) shall have an area of no more than seven square inches, or be no greater than two inches across the smallest dimension.
(c)
This standard does not apply:
(1)
Where the review agency determines that this standard would cause inadequate hydraulic performance that could not practicably be overcome by using additional or larger storm drain inlets that meet these standards;
(2)
Where flows from the water quality design storm as specified in Subsection 25-16.3 are conveyed through any device (e.g., end-of-pipe netting facility, manufactured treatment device, or a catch basin hood) that is designed, at a minimum, to prevent delivery of all solid and floatable materials that could not pass through one of the following:
(3)
Where flows are conveyed through a trash rack that has parallel bars with one inch spacing between the bars, to the elevation of the water quality design storm as specified in Section III of this ordinance; or
(4)
Where the NJDEP determines, pursuant to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places Rules at N.J.A.C. 7:4-7.2(c), that action to meet this standard is an undertaking that constitutes an encroachment or will damage or destroy the New Jersey Register listed historic property.
2.
Catch basins. Catch basins are storm drain inlets with or without sumps. Catch basins may provide pretreatment for other stormwater BMPs by capturing large sediments. The sediment and pollutant removal efficiency of catch basins depends on the size of the sump and the performance of routine maintenance to retain the available sediment storage space in the sump. Where catch basins with sumps are proposed, the minimum two feet separation between the bottom of the sump and seasonally high water table shall be provided.
3.
Open or perforated conveyance piping. Where adequate separation to the seasonal high water table exists, stormwater from the development site may be conveyed to a stormwater basin via a system of perforated pipes. These pipes may be made of PVC or corrugated metal and are available with perforations of varying size and spacing. Perforated pipe specifications shall be certified by a Professional Engineer. A Professional Engineer shall certify that perforated conveyance piping will not act to intercept the seasonal high water table and convey groundwater to the stormwater basin. All open or perforated stormwater conveyance systems shall be installed with a minimum separation of two feet from the seasonal high water table.