The Millcreek Together General Plan identifies sustainable design and buildings as a goal. Dark Sky lighting standards are explicitly recognized as a strategy to implement. The purpose of these standards is to acknowledge dark skies as a resource to be protected and enjoyed by the Millcreek community and to limit light pollution and light trespass across property lines, reduce energy consumption, minimize the potential disruption to nocturnal ecosystems, and promote safe and efficient outdoor lighting.

All development in Millcreek shall comply with the standards in this chapter. All outdoor lighting installed after the effective date of this section shall comply with the requirements herein. This includes but is not limited to new lighting in parking areas, new residential, commercial, and manufacturing developments, including any site plan approval or change of use permit, and any new lighting installed as part of a minor site plan amendment. Lighting upgrades to existing single-household or two-household dwellings are not required to follow the requirements of this chapter, unless as part of a site plan approval or site plan amendment.

1. Location. Outdoor lighting shall be designed at the minimum necessary to provide for the safety and functionality of the property. Outdoor lighting shall be limited to areas with a functional purpose (including but not limited to doors, pathways, driveways, parking areas, outdoor gathering areas). The following outdoor lighting is permitted:
   1. Entrances to buildings (including garages)
   2. Pathways and walkways
   3. Outdoor gathering areas
   4. Architectural and landscape lighting provided the following are met:
      1. The light fixture is mounted on and directed onto the front of a commercial building so that the light falls on the building, not on the ground abutting the building or into the night sky.
      2. The light fixture is sufficiently shielded so that the light source does not trespass beyond the property lines.
      3. The light fixture uses a low lumen count (less than 2,000 degrees Kelvin).
   5. Lighting for security purposes shall satisfy the following:
      1. Lighting is activated by motion sensor and does not stay on for longer than five (5) minutes..
      2. Lighting is placed and directed so that no direct illumination surpasses property lines and satisfies the standards outlined in MKZ 18.68.030 (D).
   6. Outdoor water features may be illuminated shall satisfy the following:
      1. The light fixtures are angled at or below the horizontal plane.
      2. The light fixture is placed underneath or behind the water so that the water diffuses the light from all points where the light is visible.
      3. The light source is 1,000 lumens or less.
2. Light Color Temperature. All outdoor lighting shall be a warm light temperature color. All light sources for outdoor lighting temperature shall be equal to or less than 3,000 degrees Kelvin.
3. Fully Shielded Fixture Requirements. Unless otherwise stated in this section, all outdoor lighting shall include fully shielded fixtures and shall be installed so light is directed downward with no light emitting above the horizontal plane extending from the bottom of the light fixture. The following characteristics shall qualify as “fully shielded”:
   1. The top and sides of the fixture shall be made of completely opaque material, so light escapes only from the bottom of the fixture.
   2. For fixtures mounted on or attached to a building or structure other than a parking lot light pole or a sign, the bottom of the light source shall be at least two inches higher than the bottom of the fixture housing.
   3. Structures such as eaves, overhangs, canopies, or patio convers are not considered when determining whether a fixture is fully shielded.
   4. If mounted on or attached to a building or structure to a building other than a parking lot light pole, the light source of the fixture shall not be visible from any point not on the property where the fixture is located.
4. Light Trespass Standards. The following standards apply to all outdoor lighting fixtures with the intent to limit light trespass from one property to another:
   1. All outdoor light fixtures shall be located, aimed, and shielded so that any direct illumination from the light fixture is confined to the property in which the fixture is installed. Permissible light shielding configurations are illustrated in Figure 18.68.1.
   2. Any light fixture with an output of 10,000 lumens that is located within 50 feet of a residential property line (including but not limited to multi-household development) or public right-of-way shall utilize either an internal or external shield, in which the light fixture is oriented to prevent direct illumination over the adjacent property or right-of-way and the shield shall be painted in a way that minimizes reflections.
      
      Figure 18.68.1 Shielding Configurations
      
      
      
5. Exemptions. An outdoor light fixture with a total light output of less than 1,000 lumens is exempt from the shielding requirements, provided the following are satisfied:
   1. The fixture has a top that is entirely opaque to ensure that no light is directed upwards.
   2. The fixture’s sides completely cover the light that is made of semi-opaque to opaque material and may have incidental decorative perforations that emit small amount of light. Completely transparent materials, such as glass, are not allowed.
   3. The light source shall not be visible from any point outside of the property in which the fixture is located.

1. Gas station canopies may be illuminated provided all light fixtures are mounted on the undersurface of the canopy and all light fixtures are fully shielded as illustrated in Figure 18.68.1. Except for downward-directed beam lighting, merely placing the fixtures on the underside of the canopy does not qualify as fully shielding the light fixture. Unshielded downward-directed beam lighting mounted under the canopy is allowed, provided the light source cannot be seen outside the property boundaries.
2. All public outdoor lighting, including streetlights, shall utilize LED lamps or to minimize sky glow and other unintended impacts of artificial lighting. For lights along residential streets, the lowest illumination design that satisfies the minimum illumination requirements set by UDOT shall be used. Location of streetlights are subject to the provisions as set forth in MKC Title 14.
3. Public outdoor lighting other than streetlights shall satisfy all the requirements of this chapter. Such lighting is only permitted if the lighting enhances safety and security for users of the public property being illuminated.
4. All public outdoor lighting shall include adaptive controls that adjust illumination levels based on the time of day. The scheduling and illumination level for the adaptive controls shall be based on the nature of the public lighting, as determined by the City Engineer, with the goal of minimizing the amount of light to the greatest extent possible.
5. Parking Lots.
   1. Spot or flood lighting of parking lots from a building or other structure is prohibited.
   2. The overall height of any light post used to illuminate parking lots in commercial zones shall not exceed 25 feet. All post-mounted parking lot lights shall be set back from property lines at a distance equal to two and one-half times the height of the pole.
   3. The overall height of any light post used to illuminate parking lots in residential zones shall not exceed 14 feet.
   4. All parking lot lighting shall use fully shielded fixtures.
   5. No display area or parking lot light poles shall be located within 20 feet of the public street. Parking lot lighting adjacent to residential uses shall utilize full cut off luminaries.
6. Recreational lighting.
   1. Recreational lighting fixtures for fields or courts shall satisfy the following requirements:
      1. The recreational lighting has provisions for minimizing glare, light spillover, and uplighting using louvers, hoods, or shielding;
      2. The recreational lighting will only illuminate the field or court area with no direct illumination falling outside of those areas; and
      3. The recreational light source will not be visible from adjacent properties.
   2. Pole-mounted recreational lighting shall be limited to 60 feet in height. Pole-mounted recreational lighting shall be set back a at least 60 feet from adjacent properties.
   3. The lighting for non-field and non-court areas shall conform to all provisions of this chapter.
   4. Illumination levels for recreational area lighting shall be adjustable based on the task (e.g., active play vs. field or court maintenance).
   5. Recreational lighting shall be turned off no later than 10:00 p.m., or one hour after the end of play, whichever is earlier. Recreational lighting installations shall include timers or auto-shut-off controls that prevent lights from being left on when the recreational area is not in use.
7. Amphitheater Lighting. Outdoor amphitheaters may use illumination to light the performance area of the amphitheater and for public safety. The following standards apply to all amphitheater lighting:
   1. Lighting used to illuminate the performance area may only be turned on during performances, rehearsals or during maintenance.
   2. Lighting used to illuminate the seating areas, pathways, and other areas of the amphitheater shall meet all standards of this chapter.
8. Vending machines, gas station pumps, ATMs, and Kiosks. Machines and kiosks that provide self-service dispensing of goods or money, including but not limited to vending machines, gas station pumps, and ATMs, may be illuminated subject to the standards of this section:
   1. The machine is placed entirely underneath a solid covering (such as a patio cover) so that its light does not escape into the night sky.
   2. The machine is either:
      1. Completely screened from view from adjacent properties and streets by a solid and opaque screen such that no illumination from the machine is visible from adjacent properties or the street, or
      2. The light source used to illuminate the machine has a constant illumination level. The light source may not blink on and off or undulate in lighting intensity.
9. Flagpoles. Property owners are encouraged not to illuminate flagpoles at night, but rather to hoist flags after dawn and lower flags before sunset. If flags are illuminated at night, lighting of up to a total of two (2) flags per property is permitted with the following conditions:
   1. Only the flag of the United States of America or the flag of the State of Utah may be illuminated.
   2. Flags on poles over 20 feet above ground level shall be illuminated only from above. This may be achieved by utilizing a luminaire attached to the top of the flagpole. The luminaire shall comply with all sections of this Chapter. The total light output from any luminaire mounted on top of a flagpole shall not exceed 800 lumens.

The following are prohibited:

1. Uplighting of any type including but not limited to lighting used to illuminate buildings and other structures, except as otherwise stated in this Chapter,
2. Laser source lights, searchlights, or similar high-intensity lights,
3. Strip LED lights that do not meet the provisions of this Chapter.

1. All new development applications shall include an outdoor lighting plan. The lighting plan shall show evidence that the proposed lighting fixtures and light sources comply with the provisions outlined in this Chapter. The lighting plan shall include the following:
   1. Plans shall indicate the proposed location, height, and type of fixtures. Including but not limited to, lamps, supports, shielding and reflectors, and installation and electrical details;
   2. Descriptions and illustrations of lighting fixtures. Manufacturer’s catalog cuts may suffice. The descriptions shall include, but are not limited to, bulb wattage, shielding, and light temperature;
   3. A table indicating the total amount of proposed exterior lights, by fixture type, color temperature, lamp type, and
   4. A calculation of the total lumen output for all outdoor fixtures on the property.
2. The lighting plan shall be submitted for approval in accordance with all other associated application processes.